{"product_id":"vertical-external-cavity-surface-emitting-lasers-vecsel-technology-and-applications-9783527413621","title":"Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers: VECSEL Technology and Applications","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eVertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eProvides comprehensive coverage of the advancement of  vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eVertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VECSELs) emit coherent light from the infrared to the visible spectral range with high power output. Recent years have seen new device developments – such as the mode-locked integrated (MIXSEL) and the membrane external-cavity surface emitting laser (MECSEL) – expand the application of VECSELs to include laser cooling, spectroscopy, telecommunications, biophotonics, and laser-based displays and projectors. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn \u003ci\u003eVertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers: VECSEL Technology and Applications,\u003c\/i\u003e leading international research groups provide a comprehensive, fully up-to-date account of all fundamental and technological aspects of vertical external cavity surface emitting lasers. This unique book reviews the physics and technology of optically-pumped disk lasers and discusses the latest developments of VECSEL devices in different wavelength ranges. Topics include OP-VECSEL physics, continuous wave (CW) lasers, frequency doubling, carrier dynamics in SESAMs, and characterization of nonlinear lensing in VECSEL gain samples. This authoritative volume: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSummarizes new concepts of DBR-free and MECSEL lasers for the first time\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers the mode-locking concept and its application\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProvides an overview of the emerging concept of self-mode locking\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDescribes the development of next-generation OPS laser products\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eVertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers: VECSEL Technology and Applications\u003c\/i\u003e is an invaluable resource for laser specialists, semiconductor physicists, optical industry professionals, spectroscopists, telecommunications engineers and industrial physicists.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I Continuous wave VECSEL \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 History of Optically Pumped Semiconductor Lasers – VECSELs \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e3\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMark E. Kuznetsov\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 OPS-VECSELs: Concept and History 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Micracor 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 OPSL Development at Micracor: First Steps 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 OPS Development at Micracor: Pushing Forward 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 OPS Development at Micracor: Final Chapter 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 VECSELs beyond Micracor 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 VECSELs in the Wavelength Range 1.18–1.55 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e𝛍m \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e27\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eAntti Rantamäki and Mircea Guina\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Overview of GaAs-based Gain Mirror Technologies for Long-wavelength Infrared VECSELs 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 InGaAs QWs 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 GaInNAs QWs 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 InAs QDs 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.4 GaAsSb QWs 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Overview of InP-based Gain Mirror Technologies for Long-wavelength Infrared VECSELs 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Monolithic InP-based DBRs 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Dielectric and Metamorphic DBRs 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Semiconductor-dielectric-metal Compound Mirrors 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.4 Wafer-bonded GaAs-based DBRs 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.4.1 DirectWafer Bonding 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.4.2 Low Temperature Bonding 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.5 Gain Structures in Transmission 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Conclusion 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Single-frequency and High Power Operation of 2–3 Micron VECSEL 63\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMarcel Rattunde, Peter Holl, and Joachim Wagner\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Semiconductor Lasers for the MIR Range 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 III-Sb Material System 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 2–3 μm VECSEL Design 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Standard Barrier Pumped Structures 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 In-well Pumping 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Low Quantum Deficit Barrier Pumping 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Mounting Technologies 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 Intracavity Heatspreader 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 Thin Device 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.3 Double-sided Heatspreader 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Single-frequency Operation (SFO) of 2–3 μm VECSEL 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1 Key Parameters for Single-Frequency Operation 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2 SFO with Intracavity Heatspreader 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2.1 Laser Cavity Setup 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2.2 Wavelength Tuning 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2.3 Emission Linewidth 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2.4 Active Stabilization and Influence of Sampling Time 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2.5 Conclusion 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.3 SFO withWedged Heatspreader 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.4 SFO with Microcavity VECSELs 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.5 SFO without Intracavity Heatspreader 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Conclusion 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Highly Coherent Single-Frequency Tunable VeCSELs: Concept, Technology, and Physical Study \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e109\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMikhael Myara\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction: Lasers for Applications 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 The “Ideal” Laser 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Toward Single-Mode Operation 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Toward High Coherence 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 The VeCSEL in the State of the Art 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Highly Coherent, Tunable VeCSEL Design 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Limits and Solutions 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Highly Coherent, Tunable VeCSEL: Main Characteristics 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Ultrahigh-Purity Single-mode Operation 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 Spatial Coherence 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11 Time Domain Coherence and Noise 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11.1 Noise in Photonics: Basics 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11.2 Intensity Noise of a VeCSEL 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11.3 Phase Noise, Frequency Noise, and Linewidth of a VeCSEL 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.12 Conclusion 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Terahertz Metasurface Quantum Cascade VECSELs \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e145\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eBenjamin S. Williams and Luyao Xu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1 Waveguides for THz QC-Lasers 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.2 Overview of Metasurface QC-VECSEL Concept 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Metasurface Design 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 QC-VECSEL Model 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Confinement Factor 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Metasurface and Cavity Optimization 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 THz QC-VECSEL Performance: Power, Efficiency, and Beam Quality 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Effect of Metasurface on Spectrum 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Effect of Output Coupler 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 Focusing Metasurface VECSEL 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.4 Intra-cryostat Cavity QC-VECSEL 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Polarization Control in QC-VECSELs 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Conclusion 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 DBR-free Optically Pumped Semiconductor Disk Lasers \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e175\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eAlexander R. Albrecht, Zhou Yang, and Mansoor Sheik-Bahae\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 DBR-free Semiconductor Disk Lasers 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Opportunities and Advantages 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Thermal Analysis 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Longitudinal Mode Structure and Broadband Tunability 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Device Fabrication 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 DBR-free SDL Implementation 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 High Power Operation 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Broad Tunability 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 Wafer-scale Processing 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Novel Concepts 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Conclusions 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Optically Pumped Red-Emitting AlGaInP-VECSELs and the MECSEL Concept \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e197\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eHermann Kahle, Michael Jetter, and Peter Michler\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Direct Red-Emitting AlGaInP-VECSELs and Second-Harmonic Generation 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 GaInP QuantumWells and the AlGaInP Material System 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 GaInP QuantumWell VECSELs: A Comparison 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2.1 Architecture of the Semiconductor Structures 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2.2 Experimental Setup 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2.3 Characterization Results 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2.4 Internal Efficiency 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Power Scaling via QuantumWell and Multi-Pass Pumping 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3.1 QuantumWell Pumping 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3.2 Multi-Pass Pumping 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.4 Second-Harmonic Generation into the UV-A Spectral Range 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 The Membrane External-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (MECSEL) 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 The Semiconductor Active Region Membrane 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 MECSEL Setup 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 MECSEL Characterization 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3.1 Output Power Measurements 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3.2 Beam Profile and Beam Quality Factor 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3.3 Spectra 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Conclusions 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II Mode-Locked VECSEL \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e229\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Recent Advances in Mode-Locked Vertical-External-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e231\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eAnne C. Tropper\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.1 Ultrafast Lasers 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.2 Ultrafast Semiconductor Lasers; Diodes, VECSELs, and MIXSELs 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Ultrafast Pulse Formation in a Surface-Emitting Semiconductor Laser 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Surface-Emitting Gain Chip Design 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Gain Filtering 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Gain Saturation and Recovery 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4 Saturable Absorbers for ML-VECSELs and MIXSELs 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Performance of Passively Mode-Locked Semiconductor Lasers 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Pulse Duration 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Pulse Repetition Rate 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 Mode-Locked VECSELs: Visible to Mid-Infrared 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.4 Simulation and Modeling 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.5 Noise 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Applications 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Biological Imaging 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 Quantum Optics 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.3 Supercontinuum Generation and Frequency Combs 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.4 Terahertz Imaging and Spectroscopy 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Summary and Outlook 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Ultrafast Nonequilibrium Carrier Dynamics in Semiconductor Laser Mode-Locking \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e267\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eI. Kilen, J. Hader, S.W. Koch, and J.V. Moloney\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Background Theory 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Pulse Propagation 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 Microscopic Theory 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Domain Setup\/Modeling 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 The VECSEL Cavity 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 The Gain Region 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3 The Relaxation Rates and the Round Trip Time 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.4 Noise Buildup to Pulse 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Numerical Results 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Single-Pass Investigation of QWs and SAMs on the Order of Second Born–Markov Approximation 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1.1 Inverted QuantumWell 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1.2 Saturable Absorber 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Mode-Locked VECSELs 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2.1 Gain, Absorption, and Dispersion 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2.2 Pulse Buildup and Initial Conditions 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2.3 Self-Phase Modulation from QWs 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2.4 Mode-Locked Pulse Family 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2.5 Influence of Loss on the Mode-Locked Pulse 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2.6 Limits on the Shortest Possible Pulse and the Hysteresis Effect 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Outlook 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Mode-Locked AlGaInP VECSEL for the Red and UV Spectral Range \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e305\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRoman Bek, Michael Jetter, and Peter Michler\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Epitaxial Layer Design of AlGaInP-SESAM Structures 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 QuantumWell SESAMs 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Quantum Dot SESAMs 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Temporal Response of AlGaInP SESAMs 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Cavity Designs 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Characterization Methods 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Mode-Locking Results 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.1 QuantumWell Mode-Locked AlGaInP VECSELs 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.1.1 High Output Power 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.1.2 Femtosecond Operation 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.2 Quantum Dot Mode-Locked AlGaInP VECSELs 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Second Harmonic Generation into the UV Spectral Range 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Summary and Outlook 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Colliding Pulse Mode-locked VECSEL \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e321\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eAlexandre Laurain\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Principle of Colliding Pulse Modelocking 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Requirements for Stable Colliding Pulse Modelocking 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Pulse Timing 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 Gain Recovery and Pumping Rate 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3 Polarization 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.4 ModeWaist and Saturation Fluence 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Design of an Ultrafast CPM VECSEL 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 The Optical Cavity 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2 The Gain Structure 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.3 The SESAM 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Modelocking Results 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1 Robustness of the Modelocking Regime 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.2 Cross Correlation of the Output Beams 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.3 Pulse Duration Optimization 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.4 Multipulse Regime 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Pulse Interactions in the Saturable Absorber 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.1 Field Intensity Distribution 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.2 Saturable Absorption Model 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.3 Dynamics of the Carrier Density Distribution 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.4 Absorption Losses and Pulse Shaping 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.5 Saturation Fluence of the Absorber 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.6 Power Balance in CPM Operation 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Summary and Outlook 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Self-Mode-Locked Semiconductor Disk Lasers \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e357\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eArash Rahimi-Iman\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Mode-Locking Techniques for Optically Pumped SDLs at a Glance 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 History of Saturable-Absorber-Free Pulsed VECSELs 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Self-Mode-Locked Optically Pumped VECSELs 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1.1 Once Upon a Time – Beyond Magic 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1.2 Mode Competition – A Struggle for Acceptance 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1.3 More Than a Flash in the Pan – TriggeredWave of Results 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2 Harmonic Self-Mode-Locking 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.3 Self-Mode-Locking Quantum-Dot VECSEL 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.4 SML Cavity Configurations 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.5 SML VECSEL at OtherWavelengths 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Overview on SESAM-Free Mode-Locking Achievements 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 Spotlight on SML VECSELs 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1.1 Pulse Duration 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1.2 Peak Power 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1.3 Repetition Rate 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 SESAM-Free Alternatives to SML VECSEL 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2.1 Graphene or Carbon Nanotube Saturable Absorber Mode-Locked VECSELs 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2.2 SESAM-Free VECSEL Design with Intracavity Kerr Medium 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Investigations into the Mechanisms and Outlook 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.1 First Studies Concerning the Mechanisms Behind SML 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.2 Z-Scan Measurements of the Nonlinear Refractive Index in a VECSEL Chip 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.3 Applications and Expected Advances 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 387 \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH","offers":[{"title":"Default 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