{"product_id":"uvb-radiation-9781119143604","title":"UVB Radiation","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eUltraviolet-B (UV-B) is electromagnetic radiation coming from the sun, with a medium wavelength which is mostly absorbed by the ozone layer. The biological effects of UV-B are greater than simple heating effects, and many practical applications of UV-B radiation derive from its interactions with organic molecules. It is considered particularly harmful to the environment and living things, but what have scientific studies actually shown?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eUV-B Radiation: From Environmental Stressor to Regulator of Plant Growth\u003c\/i\u003e presents a comprehensive overview of the origins, current state, and future horizons of scientific research on ultraviolet-B radiation and its perception in plants. Chapters explore all facets of UV-B research, including the basics of how UV-B''s shorter wavelength radiation from the sun reaches the Earth''s surface, along with its impact on the environment''s biotic components and on human biological systems. Chapters also address the dramatic shift in UV-B resear\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 An Introduction to UV\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e‐\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eB Research in Plant Science 1\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRachana Singh, Parul Parihar, Samiksha Singh, MPVVB Singh, Vijay Pratap Singh and Sheo Mohan Prasad\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 The Historical Background 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Biologically Effective Irradiance 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 UV‐B‐induced Effects in Plants 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Conclusion and Future Prospects 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Stimulation of Various Phenolics in Plants Under Ambient UV\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e‐\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eB Radiation 9\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMarija Vidović, Filis Morina and Sonja Veljović Jovanović\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 UV‐B Radiation 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Phenolics 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Chemistry of Phenolic Compounds 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Biosynthesis and Subcellular Localization of Phenolics 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Functions of Phenolic Compounds Depend on Their Localization 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 UV‐B Radiation Stimulates Phenolic Induction 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Mechanisms of UV‐B Perception 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 UV‐B‐Induced Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Interactive Effects of UV‐B with UV‐A Radiation and PAR on Phenolics Accumulation 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Interactive Effects of UV‐B with other Environmental Factors on Phenolics Accumulation 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 UV‐B‐Induced Photomorphological Responses 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 Connection Between UV‐B‐Induced Morphological Responses and Phenolics 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 Effect of UV‐B Radiation on Root Morphology in Relation to Phenolics 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Photosynthesis Under UV‐B Radiation 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1 Interplay of Phenolics and Photosynthesis Under UV‐B Radiation 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 UV‐B Radiation Induces Phenolics Accumulation in Fruits 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 UV\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e‐\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eB Radiation: A Reassessment of its Impact on Plants and Crops 57\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eKrystyna Żuk\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e‐\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003eGołaszewska\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Plant Production 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Plant protection Against UVB 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Interaction of UV\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e‐\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eB with the Terrestrial Ecosystem 65\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRohit Kumar Mishra, Sanjesh Tiwari and Sheo Mohan Prasad\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Growth and Development 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Secondary Metabolites 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Susceptibility to Herbivorous Insects 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Plant Sexual Reproduction 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Genomic Level 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Conclusion 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 A Review of Stress and Responses of Plants to UV\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e‐\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eB Radiation 75\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eSonika Sharma, Soumya Chatterjee, Sunita Kataria, Juhie Joshi, Sibnarayan Datta, Mohan G. Vairale and Vijay Veer\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Morphological and Yield Response to UV‐B 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Targets of UV‐B in the Carbon Fixation Cycle 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Photoreceptors and Signalling Pathway in Response to UV‐B Radiation 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Acclimatization and Protection in Response to UV‐B 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant System in Response to UV‐B 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 DNA Damage and Repair Mechanism 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Exclusion of UV Components: Experimental Approach to Study the Effect on Plants 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 Conclusion and Future Prospective 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgement 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Oxidative Stress and Antioxidative Defence System in Plants in Response to UV\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e‐\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eB Stress 99\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSunita Kataria\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Plant Protection Against UV Radiation 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 UV‐B and ROS 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 UV‐B and Antioxidant Enzymes 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 UV‐B and Antioxidant 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 UV‐B and Signalling 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Conclusions and Perspectives 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Major influence on phytochrome and photosynthetic machinery under UV\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e‐\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eB exposure 123\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAnita Singh, Gausiya Bashri and Sheo Mohan Prasad\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Photomorphogenesis in Higher Plants 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Phytochrome system and its interaction with UV‐B 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Photomorphogenic responses of UV‐B 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 UV‐B signal transduction (UV‐R8) 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Effect of UV‐B Exposure on Photosynthetic Machinery 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Direct effects of UV‐ B on photosynthetic machinery 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1.1 Effects of UV‐B stress on components involved in light reaction 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1.2 Effect of UV‐B stress on photosystems and cytochrome b6\/f complex 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Indirect effect of UV‐B stress on components involved in dark reaction 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2.1 Impact on regulation of stomata and RuBisCO enzyme 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 UV‐B induced ROS production in plants 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4 Protective adaptation 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 UV\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e‐\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eB Radiation\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e‐\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eInduced Damage of Photosynthetic Apparatus of Green Leaves: Protective Strategies vis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e‐\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003ea\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e‐\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003evis Visible and\/or UV\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e‐\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eA Light 143\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePadmanava Joshi\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 UV‐B Effects on the Photosynthetic Apparatus of Leaves 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 UV‐A Effects on Photosynthetic Apparatus of Leaves (Damage and Promotion) 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 UV‐A‐Mediated Modulation of UV‐B‐Induced Damage 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 PAR‐Mediated Balancing of UV‐B‐Induced Damage 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Photosynthetic Adaptation and Acclimation to UV‐B Radiation 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Corroboration with Sensible Approach 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Conclusion 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Ultraviolet Radiation Targets in the Cellular System: Current Status and Future Directions 155\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eParul Parihar, Rachana Singh, Samiksha Singh, MPVVB Singh, Vijay Pratap Singh and Sheo Mohan Prasad\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Absorption Characteristics of Biomolecules 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Action Spectrum 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Targets of UV‐B 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Interaction with Biomolecules 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Nucleic Acids 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.3 Ribonucleic Acids 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 UV‐B Interaction with Proteins 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1 Tryptophan 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.2 Tyrosine 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.3 Phenylalanine 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.4 Histidine 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 The Photosynthetic Machinery 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.1 Photosystem I and II 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.2 The Light‐Harvesting Complexes 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Cell Division and Expansion 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Conclusion and Future Directions 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Silicon: A Potential Element to Combat Adverse Impact of UV\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e‐\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eB in plants 175\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDurgesh Kumar Tripathi, Shweta, Shweta Singh, Vaishali Yadav, Namira Arif, Swati Singh, Nawal Kishor Dubey and Devendra Kumar Chauhan\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 The role of Silicon Against UV‐B Exposure on Morphology of Plants 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 The defensive role of silicon against UV‐B exposure on physiological and biochemical traits of plants 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Silicon repairs anatomical structures of plants damaged by UV‐B exposures 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 UV‐B‐induced oxidative stress and silicon supplementation in plants 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Silicon supplementation and the status of antioxidant enzymes in plants exposed to UV‐B 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Silicon and level of phenolic compounds under UV‐B stress 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Present status and future prospectives 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Sun\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e‐\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eScreening Biomolecules in Microalgae: Role in UV\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e‐\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003ePhotoprotection 197\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRajesh P Rastogi, Ravi R Sonani, Aran Incharoensakdi and Datta Madamwar\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Global Climate Change and UV Radiation 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Effects of UV Radiation on Microalgae 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 UV‐induced Defence Mechanisms 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Sun‐Screening Biomolecules as Key UV Photoprotectants 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1 Mycosporine‐Like Amino Acids (MAAs) 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.2 Scytonemin 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 UV‐Induced Biosynthesis 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Photoprotective Function 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Conclusions 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Plant Response: UB\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e‐\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eB Avoidance Mechanisms 217\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSunil K Gupta, Marisha Sharma, Farah Deeba and Vivek Pandey\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Ultraviolet Radiation: Common Source, Classification and Factors 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 Common Sources of UV‐R 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Classification 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.3 Environmental Factors Affecting UV Level 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 UV‐B and Human Health 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Effects on the Skin 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2 Effects on the Eyes 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 UV‐B and Plant Responses 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 Morphological Responses 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1.1 Visible Symptoms 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1.2 Plant Growth and Leaf Phenology 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1.3 Reproductive Morphology 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1.4 UV‐B‐induced photomorphogenesis 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 Leaf Ultrastructure and Anatomy 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.3 Crop Yield 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.4 Photosynthesis 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.4.1 Pigments 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.4.2 Photosynthetic Machinery 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.5 Biochemical Responses 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.5.1 ROS Production in Plants 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.5.2 Free Radical Scavenging Mechanism 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.6 Molecular Responses 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.6.1 UV‐B and Genes 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.6.2 UV and Proteins 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 UV‐B Avoidance and Defence Mechanism 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.1 Avoidance at Morphological Level 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.1.1 Epicuticular Waxes 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.2 Avoidance at Biochemical Level 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.2.1 Possible Role of Pectin Endocytosis in UV‐B Avoidance 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.3 Avoidance at the Molecular Level 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.3.1 DNA Repair 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.3.2 Genes and Avoidance 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.3.3 UV‐B perceived by UVR8 Strongly Inhibits Shade Avoidance 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.4 UV‐B and Secondary Metabolites 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.4.1 Plant Phenolics 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.4.2 Anthocyanin 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.4.3 Alkaloids 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.4.4 Isoprenoids 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.4.5 Glucosinolates 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 UV‐B and its Significance 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.1 Ecological Significance 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.2 UV‐B and Plant Competition 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Conclusion 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Impact of UV\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e‐\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eB Exposure on Phytochrome and Photosynthetic Machinery: From Cyanobacteria to Plants 259\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eShivam Yadav, Alok Kumar Shrivastava, Chhavi Agrawal, Sonia Sen, Antra Chatterjee, Shweta Rai and LC Rai\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Effect of UV‐B Irradiation on Photosynthetic Machinery of Cyanobacteria 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.1 Pigments 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.2 Photosynthetic Electron Transport System 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.3 Photophosphorylation and CO2 fixation 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Effect of UV‐B Irradiation on Photosynthetic Machinery of Algae 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Effect of UV‐B Irradiation on Photosynthetic Machinery of Higher Plants 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1 Pigments 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1.1 Phytochrome 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1.2 Chlorophylls, carotenoids and other pigments 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2 Photosystem II 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2.1 Oxygen‐evolving complex 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2.2 Plastoquinones and redox‐active tyrosines 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2.3 D1 and D2 proteins 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.3 Photosystem I 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.4 Cytochrome B6F complex, ATP synthase and RuBisCO 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.5 Net photosynthesis 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Conclusion and future perspective 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Discovery of UVR8: New Insight in UV\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e‐\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eB Research 279\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eShivamYadav and Neelam Atri\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Photoperception in Plants 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Discovery of UVR8: UV‐B Photoreceptor 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 UVR8 Structure 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.1 Salt Bridge Interactions Mediate UVR8 Dimerization 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.2 Chromophore and Key Tryptophan Residues 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Physiological Roles of UVR8 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.1 Photomorphogenic Response Regulation by UVR8 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.2 Regulation of Flavonoid Biosynthesis 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.3 Plant‐Pathogen and Plant‐Herbivore Interactions 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 UVR8 Signalling, Mechanism and Integration with other Pathways 289\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAntra Chatterjee, Alok Kumar Shrivastava, Sonia Sen, Shweta Rai, Shivam Yadav and LC Rai\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 UVR8‐Arbitrated Signalling 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1 Constitutively Photomorphogenic 1 (COP1) 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2 Elongated Hypocotyl 5 (HY5) and HYH 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.3 Repressor of UV‐B Photomorphogenesis 1 (RUP1) and RUP2 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Molecular Mechanism of Photoreceptor‐Mediated Signalling 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 UVR8 Involvements in Different Pathways 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.1 Protection from Photo‐Inhibition and Photo Oxidative Stress 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.2 Flavonoid and Alkaloid Pathways 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.3 DNA Damage Repair 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.4 Defence Against Pathogens 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.5 Inhibition of Plant Shade Avoidance 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.6 Regulation of Leaf Morphogenesis 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.7 Regulation of Root Growth and Development 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.8 Circadian Clock 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 309\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley and Sons Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default 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