{"product_id":"urban-tree-management-9781118954584","title":"Urban Tree Management","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUrban tree management is the key basis for greener cities of the future. It is a practical discipline which includes tree selection, planting, care and protection and the overall management of trees as a collective resource.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eList of contributors, xiii\u003cbr\u003e1 Intro: Urban trees – Importance, benefits, problems, 1\u003cbr\u003eAndreas Roloff\u003cbr\u003e1.1 Introduction, 1\u003cbr\u003e1.2 Aesthetics, sensory impressions, 1\u003cbr\u003e1.3 Psychology, well]being, health, 3\u003cbr\u003e1.4 Environmental education, ecology, 9\u003cbr\u003e1.5 Orientation, spacious ordering, architecture, 9\u003cbr\u003e1.6 Protection, quality of life, 9\u003cbr\u003e1.7 Food\/diet, healing powers, 11\u003cbr\u003e1.8 Utilization of trees, 11\u003cbr\u003e1.9 Economic and social advantages, 11\u003cbr\u003e1.10 Issues, 12\u003cbr\u003e1.11 Conclusion, 13\u003cbr\u003eReferences, 13\u003cbr\u003e2 Urban trees: Features and requirements, 15\u003cbr\u003eAndreas Roloff\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Urban tree site categories, 15\u003cbr\u003e2.2 Special conditions for urban trees, 15\u003cbr\u003e2.3 Requirements and selection criteria, 15\u003cbr\u003e2.4 Conclusions, 19\u003cbr\u003eReferences, 19\u003cbr\u003e3 Fundamentals of tree biology for urban trees, 20\u003cbr\u003eDoris Krabel\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Morphological and anatomical features, 20\u003cbr\u003e3.1.1 Trunk, 20\u003cbr\u003e3.1.2 Roots, 22\u003cbr\u003e3.1.3 Mycorrhizae, 24\u003cbr\u003e3.1.4 Secondary growth, 25\u003cbr\u003e3.1.5 Periderm and bark, 27\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Tree growth and growth reactions, 28\u003cbr\u003e3.2.1 Photosynthesis – the fundamental growth process, 28\u003cbr\u003e3.2.2 The role of water, 29\u003cbr\u003e3.2.3 Seasonal dynamics, 30\u003cbr\u003e3.2.4 Wound reactions, 31\u003cbr\u003e3.3 Conclusions, 33\u003cbr\u003eReferences, 34\u003cbr\u003e4 Urban tree roots: Problems and peculiarities, 36\u003cbr\u003eSandra Korn\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Damages to and influences on the root system of urban trees, 36\u003cbr\u003e4.1.1 Site conditions, 36\u003cbr\u003e4.1.2 Human activity, 37\u003cbr\u003e4.1.3 Construction sites, 39\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Damage caused by the root system of urban trees, 41\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Precautions\/preventing damage, 43\u003cbr\u003e4.4 Conclusions, 44\u003cbr\u003eReferences, 45\u003cbr\u003e5 Drought stress: Adaptation strategies, 47\u003cbr\u003eSandra Korn\u003cbr\u003e5.1 What is stress? – Stress concepts, 47\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Stress responses, 47\u003cbr\u003e5.2.1 Adaptation to drought stress – stress escape, 48\u003cbr\u003e5.2.2 Adaptation to drought stress – stress resistance by avoidance, 49\u003cbr\u003e5.2.3 Adaptation to drought stress – stress resistance by tolerance, 51\u003cbr\u003e5.3 Identifying tree species adapted to stress, 53\u003cbr\u003e5.3.1 Responses and adaptations to drought stress, 53\u003cbr\u003e5.3.2 Identifying suitable tree species, 53\u003cbr\u003e5.4 Conclusions, 56\u003cbr\u003eReferences, 56\u003cbr\u003e6 Aspects of urban tree pathology, 58\u003cbr\u003eRolf Kehr\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Definitions, terms and concepts, 58\u003cbr\u003e6.2 Abiotic damage and disorders, 59\u003cbr\u003e6.3 Virus diseases, 61\u003cbr\u003e6.4 Diseases caused by bacteria and other prokaryotes, 61\u003cbr\u003e6.5 Diseases caused by oomycetes, 64\u003cbr\u003e6.6 Fungal diseases, 65\u003cbr\u003e6.6.1 Systemic fungal infections, 65\u003cbr\u003e6.6.2 Leaf and needle diseases, 67\u003cbr\u003e6.6.3 Shoot and stem diseases and cankers, 68\u003cbr\u003e6.6.4 Rust diseases, 70\u003cbr\u003e6.6.5 Root diseases, 70\u003cbr\u003e6.6.6 Wood decay, 71\u003cbr\u003e6.7 Parasitic plants, 72\u003cbr\u003e6.8 Plant]parasitic nematodes and insect pests, 73\u003cbr\u003e6.9 Damage by herbivorous mammals, 76\u003cbr\u003e6.10 Impact of introduced pests and diseases, 76\u003cbr\u003e6.11 Aspects of control methods for pests and diseases of urban trees, 76\u003cbr\u003e6.12 Conclusions, 77\u003cbr\u003eReferences, 77\u003cbr\u003e7 Vitality assessment, tree architecture, 82\u003cbr\u003eAndreas Roloff\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Introduction, 82\u003cbr\u003e7.2 Decline and stress symptoms of tree crowns: “leaf loss” vs. crown structure, 82\u003cbr\u003e7.3 Tree architecture and reiterations, 83\u003cbr\u003e7.3.1 Architectural models, 83\u003cbr\u003e7.3.2 Reiterations, 85\u003cbr\u003e7.4 Changes in the crown structure with decreasing vitality, 87\u003cbr\u003e7.4.1 Shoot morphology: shoot base scars, short] and long]shoots, 87\u003cbr\u003e7.4.2 Model of growth stages, 88\u003cbr\u003e7.4.3 Vitality classes, 90\u003cbr\u003e7.4.4 Vitality and tree life expectancy, 92\u003cbr\u003e7.5 Conclusions, 94\u003cbr\u003eReferences, 94\u003cbr\u003e8 Body language of trees, tree diagnostics, 95\u003cbr\u003eAndreas Roloff\u003cbr\u003e8.1 Terms and definition, 95\u003cbr\u003e8.2 Adaptation and optimization in trees, 95\u003cbr\u003e8.3 Examples and explanation: branches, trunk\/bark, roots, 96\u003cbr\u003e8.3.1 Branch]shedding collar, 96\u003cbr\u003e8.3.2 Hazard beams, 97\u003cbr\u003e8.3.3 Bottle butts, 98\u003cbr\u003e8.3.4 Forked trees, 98\u003cbr\u003e8.3.5 Nose]like ribs on forked trees, 99\u003cbr\u003e8.3.6 Sunburn, 99\u003cbr\u003e8.3.7 Stem crack, 100\u003cbr\u003e8.3.8 Longitudinal splitting, 100\u003cbr\u003e8.3.9 Knobs and nodules, 100\u003cbr\u003e8.3.10 Bark stripes on ribs, 102\u003cbr\u003e8.3.11 Supply shadow, 103\u003cbr\u003e8.3.12 Elephant’s foot, 103\u003cbr\u003e8.3.13 Hollow trunks, 104\u003cbr\u003e8.3.14 Crown\/root relationship, 104\u003cbr\u003e8.3.15 Root symphysis, 105\u003cbr\u003e8.3.16 Tension roots on slopes, 105\u003cbr\u003e8.3.17 Covered root collars, 106\u003cbr\u003e8.3.18 Root collar strangling, 107\u003cbr\u003e8.3.19 Sealing of the root area, 107\u003cbr\u003e8.3.20 Inner roots, 108\u003cbr\u003e8.3.21 Adventitious roots, 108\u003cbr\u003e8.4 Conclusions, 109\u003cbr\u003eReferences, 110\u003cbr\u003e9 Tree inventory, risk assessment and management, 111\u003cbr\u003eSteffen Rust\u003cbr\u003e9.1 Introduction, 111\u003cbr\u003e9.2 Tree inventory, 112\u003cbr\u003e9.2.1 Inventory parameters, 112\u003cbr\u003e9.2.2 Technology, 112\u003cbr\u003e9.3 Tree risk assessment, 113\u003cbr\u003e9.3.1 Terms and concepts, 113\u003cbr\u003e9.3.2 Visual assessment, 115\u003cbr\u003e9.3.3 Advanced assessment, 122\u003cbr\u003e9.3.4 Risk categorization and reporting, 130\u003cbr\u003e9.4 Conclusions, 132\u003cbr\u003eReferences, 132\u003cbr\u003e10 Tree preservation, maintenance and repair, 135\u003cbr\u003eSteffen Rust\u003cbr\u003e10.1 Introduction, 135\u003cbr\u003e10.2 Preserving existing trees during development, 135\u003cbr\u003e10.2.1 Tree constraints plan, 136\u003cbr\u003e10.2.2 Tree survey, 136\u003cbr\u003e10.2.3 Root protection area, 138\u003cbr\u003e10.2.4 Tree Protection Plan, 138\u003cbr\u003e10.2.5 Arboricultural method statement, 138\u003cbr\u003e10.2.6 Pre]development treatments, 139\u003cbr\u003e10.3 Maintenance of planted and established trees, 139\u003cbr\u003e10.3.1 Physical support, 139\u003cbr\u003e10.3.2 Protection against collisions, 143\u003cbr\u003e10.3.3 Solar radiation, 144\u003cbr\u003e10.3.4 Wound treatment, 144\u003cbr\u003e10.3.5 Water management, 144\u003cbr\u003e10.3.6 Mulching, 146\u003cbr\u003e10.3.7 Mycorrhizae, 148\u003cbr\u003e10.3.8 Soil compaction, 148\u003cbr\u003e10.3.9 De]icing salt, 150\u003cbr\u003e10.3.10 Pruning to mitigate risk, 150\u003cbr\u003e10.3.11 Ancient and veteran trees, 151\u003cbr\u003e10.3.12 Precautionary measures, 151\u003cbr\u003e10.4 Conclusions, 152\u003cbr\u003eReferences, 153\u003cbr\u003e11 Tree pruning: Methods and parameters, 154\u003cbr\u003eUlrich Pietzarka\u003cbr\u003e11.1 Introduction, 154\u003cbr\u003e11.2 Consequences of pruning, 154\u003cbr\u003e11.3 Important parameters, 157\u003cbr\u003e11.4 The pruning system, 160\u003cbr\u003e11.4.1 Palms, 162\u003cbr\u003e11.5 Intensity of pruning, 164\u003cbr\u003e11.6 Date of pruning, 165\u003cbr\u003e11.6.1 Reduction of assimilates and reserves, 166\u003cbr\u003e11.6.2 Species and nature conservation, 167\u003cbr\u003e11.6.3 Hazard of fungal infestation, 167\u003cbr\u003e11.6.4 Risk of sunburn, 167\u003cbr\u003e11.6.5 Severe frost, 167\u003cbr\u003e11.6.6 Visibility, 167\u003cbr\u003e11.7 Conclusion, 168\u003cbr\u003eReferences, 168\u003cbr\u003e12 Transplanting large trees, 169\u003cbr\u003eUlrich Pietzarka\u003cbr\u003e12.1 Introduction, 169\u003cbr\u003e12.2 Definitions, tasks, decisions, 169\u003cbr\u003e12.3 Preparation, 172\u003cbr\u003e12.4 Transplantation practices, 173\u003cbr\u003e12.5 Post]planting care, 175\u003cbr\u003e12.6 Conclusion, 175\u003cbr\u003eReferences, 175\u003cbr\u003e13 Dust and noise reduction, 177\u003cbr\u003eBritt Kniesel\u003cbr\u003e13.1 Dust, 177\u003cbr\u003e13.1.1 Dust definition and origins, 177\u003cbr\u003e13.1.2 Interaction between dust particles and vegetation, 177\u003cbr\u003e13.1.3 Planting design, 180\u003cbr\u003e13.2 Noise, 180\u003cbr\u003e13.2.1 Noise control, 180\u003cbr\u003e13.2.2 Noise attenuation by vegetation, 180\u003cbr\u003e13.2.3 Planting design, 182\u003cbr\u003e13.3 Conclusions, 183\u003cbr\u003eReferences, 183\u003cbr\u003e14 Invasive species, indigenous vs. alien dendroflora, 185\u003cbr\u003eMatthias Meyer\u003cbr\u003e14.1 Introduction, 185\u003cbr\u003e14.2 Floristic statuses – important definitions for urban dendroflora, 185\u003cbr\u003e14.2.1 “Indigenous” vs. “alien”, 186\u003cbr\u003e14.2.2 “Casual” and “naturalized” vs. “invasive”, 187\u003cbr\u003e14.3 Invasibility of habitats and invasiveness of dendroflora\u003cbr\u003ein urban landscapes, 188\u003cbr\u003e14.4 Arguments pro or contra “alien” woody species and risk assessment, 189\u003cbr\u003e14.5 The example of the tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima), 190\u003cbr\u003e14.6 Prevention and control measures against invasive woody\u003cbr\u003especies or tree weeds, 191\u003cbr\u003e14.7 Conclusions, 193\u003cbr\u003eReferences, 193\u003cbr\u003e15 Criteria for species selection: Development of a database for urban trees, 196\u003cbr\u003eSten Gillner, Mathias Hofmann, Andreas Tharang and Juliane Vogt\u003cbr\u003e15.1 Introduction, 196\u003cbr\u003e15.2 Species description, growth conditions, and risks related\u003cbr\u003eto species use, 198\u003cbr\u003e15.2.1 Data pool and nomenclature, 198\u003cbr\u003e15.2.2 Literature review and evaluation, 198\u003cbr\u003e15.2.3 Structure of the database, 199\u003cbr\u003e15.3 Urban Tree Location Categorization, 199\u003cbr\u003e15.3.1 Urban tree location types, 202\u003cbr\u003e15.3.2 Specific demographic groups, 204\u003cbr\u003e15.4 Psychological aspects of the database, 205\u003cbr\u003e15.4.1 User]based urban green space categorization, 205\u003cbr\u003e15.4.2 Tree perception and tree preferences, 206\u003cbr\u003e15.5 Application possibilities and limitation of use, 207\u003cbr\u003e15.6 Conclusions, 208\u003cbr\u003eReferences, 209\u003cbr\u003e16 Genetic aspects, 211\u003cbr\u003eDoris Krabel\u003cbr\u003e16.1 The problem of trees from a genetic point of view, 211\u003cbr\u003e16.2 Diversity, monoculture, variety and clones – some general comments, 214\u003cbr\u003e16.3 The risk of missing diversity, 215\u003cbr\u003e16.4 Genetic diversity as an element of design and planning in urban spaces, 217\u003cbr\u003e16.5 Conclusions, 219\u003cbr\u003eReferences, 219\u003cbr\u003e17 Governance in urban forestry, 221\u003cbr\u003eJürgen Pretzsch\u003cbr\u003e17.1 Introduction: challenges and need for action, 221\u003cbr\u003e17.2 Objectives and definitions, 221\u003cbr\u003e17.2.1 Objectives, 221\u003cbr\u003e17.2.2 Definitions, 222\u003cbr\u003e17.3 Diagnosis and conceptual framework, 222\u003cbr\u003e17.3.1 Socio]ecological co]evolution model for urban forestry, 222\u003cbr\u003e17.3.2 Historical development of urban forestry governance, 223\u003cbr\u003e17.3.3 Increasing complexity and paradigm change, 224\u003cbr\u003e17.3.4 Stakeholder analysis and differentiation in participant groups, 225\u003cbr\u003e17.3.5 Assessment by the livelihood framework, 226\u003cbr\u003e17.4 Governance models for urban forestry, 227\u003cbr\u003e17.4.1 Introduction to urban forestry governance models, 227\u003cbr\u003e17.4.2 Public administration: changing functions and diversification, 227\u003cbr\u003e17.4.3 Public]private partnerships, 228\u003cbr\u003e17.4.4 Governance based on private urban forestry, 228\u003cbr\u003e17.4.5 Donations, 228\u003cbr\u003e17.4.6 Allotment gardens, 228\u003cbr\u003e17.4.7 Neighborhood groups and collective gardening, 230\u003cbr\u003e17.5 Lessons learned for the future development of urban forestry, 230\u003cbr\u003e17.5.1 Paradigm change, 230\u003cbr\u003e17.5.2 Chances and limits of collective action in urban forestry, 231\u003cbr\u003e17.5.3 Exclusion and conflict management, 231\u003cbr\u003e17.5.4 Adaptive management, 231\u003cbr\u003e17.5.5 Forthcoming steps in practice and research, 232\u003cbr\u003e17.6 Conclusions, 232\u003cbr\u003eReferences, 234\u003cbr\u003e18 Allotment gardens and privately managed green\u003cbr\u003espace in urban environment, 236\u003cbr\u003eEckhard Auch\u003cbr\u003e18.1 Introduction, 236\u003cbr\u003e18.2 Some definitions, 236\u003cbr\u003e18.2.1 Green space as urban soft infrastructure, 236\u003cbr\u003e18.2.2 Urban gardening vs. urban horticulture, agriculture\u003cbr\u003eand agroforestry, 237\u003cbr\u003e18.3 Urban gardens, 237\u003cbr\u003e18.3.1 Generic types of urban gardens, 237\u003cbr\u003e18.3.2 Urban gardens in history, 238\u003cbr\u003e18.3.3 Urban gardens for the disadvantaged in the 20th Century, 239\u003cbr\u003e18.4 Function and benefits\/services of trees and gardens in urban contexts, 241\u003cbr\u003e18.5 Recent forms of urban gardening in the global North and global South, 242\u003cbr\u003e18.5.1 Factors facilitating the emergence, 242\u003cbr\u003e18.5.2 Newer urban garden forms (selection), 243\u003cbr\u003e18.6 Conclusions, 245\u003cbr\u003eReferences, 245\u003cbr\u003e19 Urban woods for relaxation and inspiration, 247\u003cbr\u003eEckhard Auch, Hubertus Pohris and Markus Biernath\u003cbr\u003e19.1 Introduction, 247\u003cbr\u003e19.2 Some definitions, 247\u003cbr\u003e19.3 Forest ecosystem functions and services, 248\u003cbr\u003e19.4 Changing demands on urban and peri]urban forests – the case of Dresden, 251\u003cbr\u003e19.4.1 Change in forest functions, 251\u003cbr\u003e19.4.2 Functional transformation of the Dresdner Heide forest, with focus on\u003cbr\u003erecreation, 251\u003cbr\u003e19.5 Urban forestry and silviculture, 254\u003cbr\u003e19.5.1 Urban forests as recreational resource, 254\u003cbr\u003e19.5.2 Silvicultural operations for recreational resources, 254\u003cbr\u003e19.6 Silvicultural specifics of urban and peri]urban forest management, 256\u003cbr\u003e19.7 Conclusions, 259\u003cbr\u003eReferences, 259\u003cbr\u003e20 Acceptance for urban trees: Environmental education programs, 262\u003cbr\u003eUlrich Pietzarka\u003cbr\u003e20.1 Introduction, 262\u003cbr\u003e20.2 Education for sustainable development, 262\u003cbr\u003e20.3 Features of successful education programs, 264\u003cbr\u003e20.3.1 Specific to target groups, 264\u003cbr\u003e20.3.2 Inviting, 266\u003cbr\u003e20.3.3 Focused, 266\u003cbr\u003e20.3.4 Relevant, 267\u003cbr\u003e20.3.5 Active, 267\u003cbr\u003e20.3.6 Entertaining, 268\u003cbr\u003e20.4 The search for professional partners, 268\u003cbr\u003e20.5 Conclusions, 269\u003cbr\u003eReferences, 270\u003cbr\u003eIndex, 271","brand":"John Wiley and Sons Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48866381660503,"sku":"9781118954584","price":58.85,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781118954584.jpg?v=1722278384","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/urban-tree-management-9781118954584","provider":"Book 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