{"product_id":"umts-network-planning-optimization-and-interoperation-with-gsm-9780470823019","title":"UMTS Network Planning Optimization and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eUMTS Network Planning, Optimization, and Inter-Operation with GSM\u003c\/i\u003e is an accessible, one-stop reference to help engineers effectively reduce the time and costs involved in UMTS deployment and optimization. \u003ci\u003eRahnema\u003c\/i\u003e includes detailed coverage from both a theoretical and practical perspective on the planning and optimization aspects of UMTS, and a number of other new techniques to help operators get the most out of their networks. \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eProvides an end-to-end perspective, from network design to optimization\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIncorporates the hands-on experiences of numerous researchers\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eSingle authorship allows for strong coherency and accessibility\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDetails the complete iteration cycle of radio link budgeting for coverage planning and dimensioning\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eRahnema\u003c\/i\u003e demonstrates detailed formulation of radio capacity and coverage in UMTS, and discusses the tradeoffs involved. He presents complete link budgeting and iterative simulations for capacity and c\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Overview of 3G Standards and WCDMA Releases 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 3G Challenges 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Future Trends 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 UMTS System and Air Interface Architecture 7\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Network Architecture 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1 The Access Stratum 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.2 The Non-Access Stratum and Core Network 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.3 UTRAN Architecture 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.4 Synchronization in the UTRAN 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.5 UE Power Classes 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 The Air Interface Modes of Operation 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Spectrum Allocations 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 WCDMA and the Spreading Concept 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Processing Gain and Impact on C\/I Requirement 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Resistivity to Narrowband Interference 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 Rake Reception of Multipath Signals and the Efficiency 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.4 Variable Spreading and Multi-Code Operation 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Cell Isolation Mechanism and Scrambling Codes 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Power Control Necessity 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Soft\/Softer Handovers and the Benefits 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Framing and Modulation 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Channel Definitions 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.1 Physical Channels 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.2 Frame Timing Relationships 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.3 Transport Channels 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.4 Channel Mappings 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.5 Logical Channels 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10 The Radio Interface Protocol Architecture 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.1 The RLC Sub-layer 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.2 The MAC Protocol Functions 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.3 RRC and Channel State Transitions 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.4 Packet Data Convergence Sub-layer (PDCP) 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.5 The Broadcast Multicast Control (BMC) Protocol 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11 The Important Physical Layer Measurements 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11.1 UE Link Performance Related Measurements 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11.2 UTRAN Link Performance Related Measurements 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Multipath and Path Loss Modeling 41\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Multipath Reception 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.1 Delay Spread 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.2 Coherence Bandwidth 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.3 Doppler Effect 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.4 Small-scale Multipath Effects 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.5 Channel Coherence Time 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 3GPP Multipath Channel Models 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 ITU Multipath Channel Models 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Large-Scale Distance Effects 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Lognormal Fading 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Path Loss Models 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Model Tuning and Generalized Propagation Models 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Far-Reach Propagation Through Ducting 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Formulation and Analysis of the Coverage-capacity and Multi-user Interference Parameters in UMTS 65\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 The Multi-user Interference 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Interference Representation 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Noise Rise 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Load Factor 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Geometric Factor 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4 The f Factor 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Dynamics of the Uplink Capacity 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Downlink Power-capacity Interaction 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 The General Power-capacity Formula on Downlink 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Downlink Effective Load Factor and Pole Capacity 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3 Single Service Case and Generalization to Multi-service Classes 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.4 Implications of Downlink Power-capacity Analysis 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Capacity Improvement Techniques 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Remarks in Conclusion 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Radio Site Planning, Dimensioning, and Optimization 81\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Radio Site Locating 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Site Engineering 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Pilot and Common Channel Power Settings 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Pilot Coverage Verification 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 RACH Coverage Planning 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.4 Site Sectorisation 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.5 Controlling Site Overlap and Interference 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Link Budgeting for Dimensioning 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Uplink Link Budgeting and Static Analysis 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Downlink Load and Transmit Power Checking 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Downlink Link Budgeting for the Pilot Channel (P-CPICH) 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.4 HS-PDSCH Link Budget Analysis 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.5 Setting Interference Parameters 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Simulation-based Detailed Planning 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Uplink Simulation Iterations 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Downlink Simulation Iterations 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 Area Coverage Probabilities 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Primary CPICH Coverage Analysis 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Primary and Secondary CCPCH Coverage Analysis 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Uplink DCH Coverage Analysis 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Pre-launch Optimization 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 Defining the Service Strategy 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10 Defining Service Requirements and Traffic Modeling 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11 Scrambling Codes and Planning Requirements 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.12 Inter-operator Interference Protection Measures 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.12.1 The Characterizing Parameters 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.12.2 Effects on Downlink and Uplink 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.12.3 The Avoidance Measures 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 The Layered and Multi-carrier Radio Access Design 121\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Service Interaction Analysis 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Layered Cell Architectures 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Carrier Sharing 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Multi-carrier Design 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Utilization of GSM Measurements for UMTS Site Overlay 129\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introductory Considerations 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Using GSM Measurements to Characterize Path Losses in UMTS 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Local Cumulative Path Loss Distribution 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Model Tuning 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Neighbor-Cell Overlap and Soft Handover Overhead Measurement 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Interference and Pilot Pollution Detection 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Power Control and Handover Procedures and Optimization 137\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Power Control 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.1 Open Loop Power Control 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.2 Fast Closed Loop Power Control (Inner-loop PC) 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.3 Outer-Loop Power Control 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.4 Power Control Optimization 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Handover Procedures and Control 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Neighbor Cell Search and Measurement Reporting 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Hard Handover 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Soft (and Softer) Handovers 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Radio Resource and Performance Management 159\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Admission Control 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.1 Processing Admission Control 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.2 Radio Admission Control 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Congestion\/Load Control 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Congestion Detection Mechanisms 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 Congestion Resolving Actions 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Channel Switching and Bearer Reconfiguration 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Code Resource Allocation 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Code Allocation on the Uplink 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Code Allocation on the Downlink 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Packet Scheduling 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1 Time Scheduling 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.2 Code Division Scheduling 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.3 Scheduling on the HS-DSCH Channel 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.4 Integration with Load Control 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Means to Enhance Radio Coverage and Capacity 175\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Coverage Improvement and the Impact 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Capacity Improvement and the Impact 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 HSDPA Deployment 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Transmitter Diversity 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Transmit Diversity Benefits and Gains 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Mobile Terminal Requirements 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Mast Head Amplifiers 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.1 MHA Benefit on System Coverage 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.2 MHA Impact on System Capacity 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Remote Radio Heads (RRH) 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.1 RRH Benefits 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Higher Order Receiver Diversity 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.1 Operation and Observed Benefits 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.2 Impact to Downlink Capacity 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.3 Diversity Reception at Mobile Terminal 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Fixed Beam and Adaptive Beam Forming 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8.1 Implementation Considerations and Issues 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8.2 Gains of Beam Forming 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9 Repeaters 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9.1 Operating Characteristics 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9.2 Repeater Isolation Requirements 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9.3 Repeater Coverage and Capacity Evaluation 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9.4 Impact on System Capacity 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10 Additional Scrambling Codes 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11 Self-Organizing Networks 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Co-planning and Inter-operation with GSM 191\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 GSM Co-location Guidelines 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.1 The Isolation Requirements 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.2 Isolation Mechanisms 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.3 Inter-modulation Problems and Counter-measures 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.4 Antenna Configuration Scenarios 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Ambient Noise Considerations 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Inter-operation with GSM 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Handover between the Operator’s GSM and UMTS Networks 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 Handover with other UMTS Operators 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 AMR Speech Codecs: Operation and Performance 205\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 AMR Speech Codec Characteristics and Modes 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 AMR Implementation Strategies 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 AMR Network Based Adaptation 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 AMR Source Controlled Rate Adaptation 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Tradeoffs between AMR Source Rate and System Capacity in WCDMA 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 AMR Performance under Clean Speech Conditions 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 AMR Performance under Background Noise and Error Conditions 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Codec Mode Parameters 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.1 Compression Handover Threshold 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.2 AMR Adaptation Parameters 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 The AMR-Wideband (WB) 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 AMR Bearer QoS Requirements 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 The Terrestrial Radio Access Network Design 215\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 RNC Planning and Dimensioning 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Node Interconnect Transmission 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.1 Node B to RNC 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.2 RNC to Core Network Nodes 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Link Dimensioning 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1 Protocol Overhead 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.2 Dimensioning of Node B–RNC Link (Iub) 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.3 RNC–MSC Link Dimensioning 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.4 RNC to SGSN Link Dimensioning 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.5 SGSN to RNC Link Dimensioning 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 The Core Network Technologies, Design, and Dimensioning 231\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 The Core Network Function 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 The IP Core Network Architecture 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.1 The Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.2 Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) 234\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e14.2.3 The HLR 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.4 The Core Network Protocol Architecture in GPRS 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.5 SS7 Over IP Transport Option (SS7oIP) 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Mobility Management in GPRS 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.1 Location and Routing Area Concepts 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.2 User States in Mobility Management 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.3 MS Modes of Operation 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 IP Address Allocation 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Core Network in WCDMA 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 Roaming in Mobile Networks 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7.1 Mobility Handling Mechanisms in Roaming 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.8 Soft Switching 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.8.1 Benefits of Soft Switching 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.8.2 Transition to Soft Switching 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.9 Core Network Design and Dimensioning 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.9.1 Traffic Model 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.9.2 The No Traffic Information Scenario 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.9.3 Dimensioning of SGSN, GGSN, and the Interfaces 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.9.4 Active PDP Contexts and Impact of Call Mix on Dimensioning 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.9.5 Signaling Traffic and Link Dimensioning Guidelines 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.9.6 Protocol Overheads 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.10 Core Network Transport Technologies 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.10.1 Dedicated Private Lines 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.10.2 ATM Virtual Circuits 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.10.3 Frame Relay 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.10.4 IP Transport 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.10.5 Transport Technology Selection for Core Network 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 UMTS QoS Classes, Parameters, and Inter-workings 257\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 The QoS Concept and its Importance 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 QoS Fundamental Concepts 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 QoS Monitoring Process 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 QoS Categories in UMTS 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.1 Conversational Traffic 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.2 Streaming Traffic 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.3 Interactive Traffic 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.4 Background Traffic 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Instant Messaging 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 UMTS Bearer Service Attributes 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6.1 Ranges of UMTS Bearer Service Attributes 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6.2 Ranges of Radio Access Bearer Service Attributes 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7 UMTS QoS Mechanisms 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8 UMTS QoS Signaling 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.9 UMTS–Internet QoS Inter-working\/Mapping 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.10 End-to-End QoS Delay Analysis 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.11 ATM QoS Classes 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.12 More on QoS Mechanisms in IP Networks 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.13 IP Precedence to ATM Class of Service Mapping 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.14 Web Traffic Classification for QoS 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.15 QoS Levels of Agreement 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 The TCP Protocols, Issues, and Performance Tuning over Wireless Links 273\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 The TCP Fundamentals 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.1 TCP Connection Set Up and Termination 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.2 Congestion and Flow Control 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.3 TCP RTO Estimation 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.4 Bandwidth-Delay Product 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 TCP Enhanced Lost Recovery Options 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.1 Fast Retransmit 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.2 Fast Recovery 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.3 Selective Acknowledgement (SACK) 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.4 The Timestamp Option 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 TCP Variations as used on Fixed Networks 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.1 TCP Tahoe 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.2 TCP Reno 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.3 TCP New Reno 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.4 TCP SACK 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Characteristics of Wireless Networks and Particularly 3G 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.1 BLER, Delays, and Delay Variations 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.2 Delay Spikes 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.3 Dynamic Variable Bit Rate 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.4 Asymmetry 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 TCP Solutions Proposed for Wireless Networks 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.1 Link Layer Solutions 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.2 TCP Parameter Tuning 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.3 Selecting the Proper TCP Options 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.4 Conventional TCP Implementation Options 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.5 Split TCP Solutions 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.6 Indirect TCP (I-TCP) 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.7 Mobile TCP Protocol 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.8 Mobile-End Transport Protocol 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.9 The Proxy Solutions 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.10 TCP End-to-End Solutions 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Application Level Optimization 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 RAN Performance Root Cause Analysis and Trending Techniques for Effective Troubleshooting and Optimization 299\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 RAN KPIs 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Measurement Guidelines 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.1 Live Network Traffic 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.2 Drive Testing 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Correlation Based Root Cause Analysis 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.1 Correlative Analysis Based on a priori Knowledge 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.2 Correlation Analysis Based on Data Clustering 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Applications to Network Troubleshooting and Performance Optimization 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4.1 Formation of Vector PIs 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4.2 Data Scaling 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4.3 Clustering of Performance Data (Building Performance Spectrum) 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4.4 Clustering Cells into Behavioral Classes 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 323\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default 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