{"product_id":"transient-analysis-of-power-systems-9781118352342","title":"Transient Analysis of Power Systems","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe simulation of electromagnetic transients is a mature field that plays an important role in the design of modern power systems. Since the first steps in this field to date, a significant effort has been dedicated to the development of new techniques and more powerful software tools.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the Editor xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction to Electromagnetic Transient Analysis of Power Systems 1\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJuan A. Martinez-Velasco\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Overview 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Scope of the Book 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Solution Techniques for Electromagnetic Transients in Power Systems 9\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJean Mahseredjian, Ilhan Kocar and Ulas Karaagac\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Application Field for the Computation of Electromagnetic Transients 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 The Main Modules 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Graphical User Interface 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Formulation of Network Equations for Steady-State and Time-Domain Solutions 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 Nodal Analysis and Modified-Augmented-Nodal-Analysis 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 State-Space Analysis 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.3 Hybrid Analysis 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.4 State-Space Groups and MANA 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.5 Integration Time-Step 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Control Systems 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Multiphase Load-Flow Solution and Initialization 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.1 Load-Flow Constraints 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.2 Initialization of Load-Flow Equations 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.3 Initialization from Steady-State Solution 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Implementation 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Conclusions 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Frequency Domain Aspects of Electromagnetic Transient Analysis of Power Systems 39\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJosé L. Naredo, Jean Mahseredjian, Ilhan Kocar, JoséA.Gutiérrez–Robles and Juan A. Martinez-Velasco\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Frequency Domain Basics 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Phasors and FD Representation of Signals 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Fourier Series 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Fourier Transform 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Discrete-Time Frequency Analysis 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Aliasing Effect 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Sampling Theorem 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 Conservation of Information and the DFT 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4 Fast Fourier Transform 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Frequency-Domain Transient Analysis 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Fourier Transforms and Transients 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Fourier and Laplace Transforms 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 The Numerical Laplace Transform 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4 Application Examples with the NLT 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.5 Brief History of NLT Development 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Multirate Transient Analysis 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Conclusions 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgement 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Real-Time Simulation Technologies in Engineering 72\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eChristian Dufour and Jean Bélanger\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Model-Based Design and Real-Time Simulation 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 General Considerations about Real-Time Simulation 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 The Constraint of Real-Time 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Stiffness Issues 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Simulator Bandwidth Considerations 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Simulation Bandwidth vs. Applications 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.5 Achieving Very Low Latency for HIL Application 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.6 Effective Parallel Processing for Fast EMT Simulation 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.7 FPGA-Based Multirate Simulators 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.8 Advanced Parallel Solvers without Artificial Delays or Stublines: Application to Active Distribution Networks 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.9 The Need for Iterations in Real-Time 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Phasor-Mode Real-Time Simulation 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Modern Real-Time Simulator Requirements 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Simulator I\/O Requirements 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Rapid Control Prototyping and Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Power Grid Real-Time Simulation Applications 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1 Statistical Protection System Study 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.2 Monte Carlo Tests for Power Grid Switching Surge System Studies 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.3 Modular Multilevel Converter in HVDC Applications 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.4 High-End Super-Large Power Grid Simulations 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Motor Drive and FPGA-Based Real-Time Simulation Applications 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.1 Industrial Motor Drive Design and Testing Using CPU Models 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.2 FPGA Modelling of SRM and PMSM Motor Drives 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Educational System: RPC-Based Study of DFIM Wind Turbine 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 Mechatronic Real-Time Simulation Applications 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10.1 Aircraft Flight Training Simulator 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10.2 Aircraft Flight Parameter Identification 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10.3 International Space Station Robotic Arm Testing 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11 Conclusion 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Calculation of Power System Overvoltages 100\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJuan A. Martinez-Velasco and Francisco González-Molina\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Power System Overvoltages 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Temporary Overvoltages 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Slow-Front Overvoltages 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Fast-Front Overvoltages 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.4 Very-Fast-Front Overvoltages 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Temporary Overvoltages 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Introduction 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Modelling Guidelines for Temporary Overvoltages 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Faults to Grounds 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.4 Load Rejection 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.5 Harmonic Resonance 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.6 Energization of Unloaded Transformers 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.7 Ferroresonance 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.8 Conclusions 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Switching Overvoltages 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Introduction 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Modelling Guidelines 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 Switching Overvoltages 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.4 Case Studies 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.5 Validation 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Lightning Overvoltages 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Introduction 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 Modelling Guidelines 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.3 Case Studies 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.4 Validation 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Very Fast Transient Overvoltages in Gas Insulated Substations 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1 Introduction 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2 Origin of VFTO in GIS 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3 Propagation of VFTs in GISs 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.4 Modelling Guidelines 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.5 Case Study 9: VFT in a 765 kV GIS 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.6 Statistical Calculation 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.7 Validation 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Conclusions 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgement 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Analysis of FACTS Controllers and their Transient Modelling Techniques 195\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eKalyan K. Sen\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Theory of Power Flow Control 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Modelling Guidelines 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Representation of a Power System 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Representation of System Control 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Representation of a Controlled Switch 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.4 Simulation Errors and Control 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Modelling of FACTS Controllers 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Simulation of an Independent PFC in a Single Line Application 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Simulation of a Voltage Regulating Transformer 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 Simulation of a Phase Angle Regulator 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.4 Simulation of a Unified Power Flow Controller 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Simulation Results of a UPFC 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Simulation Results of an ST 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Conclusion 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgement 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Applications of Power Electronic Devices in Distribution Systems 248\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eArindam Ghosh and Farhad Shahnia\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Modelling of Converter and Filter Structures for CPDs 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Three-Phase Converter Structures 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Filter Structures 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Dynamic Simulation of CPDs 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Current Control Using DSTATCOM 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Voltage Control Using DSTATCOM 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Voltage Balancing Using DSTATCOM and DVR 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Excess Power Circulation Using CPDs 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.1 Current-Controlled DSTATCOM Application 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2 Voltage-Controlled DSTATCOM Application 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.3 UPQC Application 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Conclusions 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Modelling of Electronically Interfaced DER Systems for Transient Analysis 280\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAmirnaser Yazdani and Omid Alizadeh\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Generic Electronically Interfaced DER System 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Realization of Different DER Systems 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 PV Energy Systems 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Fuel-Cell Systems 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 Battery Energy Storage Systems 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.4 Supercapacitor Energy Storage System 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.5 Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage System 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.6 Wind Energy Systems 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.7 Flywheel Energy Storage Systems 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Transient Analysis of Electronically Interfaced DER Systems 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Examples 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1 Example 1: Single-Stage PV Energy System 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2 Example 2: Direct-Drive Variable-Speed Wind Energy System 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Conclusion 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Simulation of Transients for VSC-HVDC Transmission Systems Based on Modular Multilevel Converters 317\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eHani Saad, Sébastien Dennetière, Jean Mahseredjian, Tarek Ould-Bachir and Jean-Pierre David\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 mmc Topology 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 mmc Models 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Model 1 – Full Detailed 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Model 2 – Detailed Equivalent 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3 Model 3 – Switching Function of MMC Arm 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.4 Model 4 – AVM Based on Power Frequency 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Control System 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Operation Principle 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Upper-Level Control 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.3 Lower-Level Control 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.4 Control Structure Requirement Depending on MMC Model Type 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Model Comparisons 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1 Step Change on Active Power Reference 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.2 Three-Phase AC Fault 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.3 Influence of MMC Levels 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.4 Pole-to-Pole DC Fault 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.5 Startup Sequence 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.6 Computational Performance 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Real-Time Simulation of MMC Using CPU and FPGA 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.1 Relation between Sampling Time and N 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.2 Optimization of Model 2 for Real-Time Simulation 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.3 Real-Time Simulation Setup 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.4 CPU-Based Model 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.5 FPGA-Based Model 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Conclusions 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Dynamic Average Modelling of Rectifier Loads and AC-DC Converters for Power System Applications 360\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSina Chiniforoosh, Juri Jatskevich, Hamid Atighechi and Juan A. Martinez-Velasco\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Front-End Diode Rectifier System Configurations 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Detailed Analysis and Modes of Operation 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Dynamic Average Modelling 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Selected Dynamic AVMs 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Computer Implementation 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Verification and Comparison of the AVMs 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.1 Steady-State Characteristics 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.2 Model Dynamic Order and Eigenvalue Analysis 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.3 Dynamic Performance Under Balanced and Unbalanced Conditions 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.4 Input Sequence Impedances under Unbalanced Conditions 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.5 Small-Signal Input\/Output Impedances 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Generalization to High-Pulse-Count Converters 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.1 Detailed Analysis 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.2 Dynamic Average Modelling 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Generalization to PWM AC-DC Converters 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.1 PWM Voltage-Source Converters 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.2 Dynamic Average-Value Modelling of PWM Voltage-Source Converters 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Conclusions 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Protection Systems 398\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJuan A. Martinez-Velasco\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Modelling Guidelines for Power System Components 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Line Models 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Insulated Cables 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3 Source Models 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.4 Transformer Models 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.5 Circuit Breaker Models 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Models of Instrument Transformers 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Introduction 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 Current Transformers 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3 Rogowski Coils 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.4 Coupling Capacitor Voltage Transformers 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.5 Voltage Transformers 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Relay Modelling 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 Introduction 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2 Classification of Relay Models 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.3 Relay Models 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Implementation of Relay Models 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1 Introduction 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.2 Sources of Information for Building Relay Models 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.3 Software Tools 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.4 Implementation of Relay Models 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.5 Interfacing Relay Models to Recorded Data 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.6 Applications of Relay Models 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.7 Limitations of Relay Models 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Validation of Relay Models 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.1 Validation Procedures 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.2 Relay Model Testing Procedures 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.3 Accuracy Assessment 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.4 Relay Testing Facilities 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Case Studies 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.1 Introduction 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.2 Case Study 1: Simulation of an Electromechanical Distance Relay 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.3 Case Study 2: Simulation of a Numerical Distance Relay 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Protection of Distribution Systems 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8.1 Introduction 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8.2 Protection of Distribution Systems with Distributed Generation 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8.3 Modelling of Distribution Feeder Protective Devices 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8.4 Protection of the Interconnection of Distributed Generators 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8.5 Case Study 3 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8.6 Case Study 4 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9 Conclusions 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgement 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Time-Domain Analysis of the Smart Grid Technologies: Possibilities and Challenges 481\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eFrancisco de León, Reynaldo Salcedo, Xuanchang Ran and Juan A. Martinez-Velasco\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Distribution Systems 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 Radial Distribution Systems 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Networked Distribution Systems 484\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Restoration and Reconfiguration of the Smart Grid 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Introduction 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2 Heavily Meshed Networked Distribution Systems 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Integration of Distributed Generation 498\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 Scope 498\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 Radial Distribution Systems 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.3 Heavily Meshed Networked Distribution Systems 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Overvoltages in Distribution Networks 515\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.1 Introduction 515\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.2 Ferroresonant Overvoltages 516\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.3 Long-Duration Overvoltages due to Backfeeding 519\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Development of Data Translators for Interfacing Power-Flow Programs with EMTP-Type Programs 529\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.1 Introduction 529\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.2 Power-Flow to EMTP-RV Translator 530\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.3 Example of the Translation of a Transmission Line 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.4 Challenges of Development 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.5 Model Validation 535\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.6 Recommendations 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgement 546\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 546\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Interfacing Methods for Electromagnetic Transient Simulation: New Possibilities for Analysis and Design 552\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eShaahin Filizadeh\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 552\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Need for Interfacing 553\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Interfacing Templates 554\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1 Static Interfacing 554\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.2 Dynamic Interfacing and Memory Management 555\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.3 Wrapper Interfaces 555\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Interfacing Implementation Options: External vs Internal Interfaces 555\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1 External Interfaces 556\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2 Internal Interfaces 556\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Multiple Interfacing 556\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.1 Core-Type Interfacing 557\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.2 Chain-Type Interfacing 557\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.3 Loop Interfacing 558\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Examples of Interfacing 558\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.1 Interfacing to Matlab\/Simulink 558\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.2 Wrapper Interfacing: Run-Controllers and Multiple-Runs 560\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Design Process Using EMT Simulation Tools 560\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.1 Parameter Selection Techniques 561\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.2 Uncertainty Analysis 563\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8 Conclusions 566\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 566\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAnnex A: Techniques and Computer Codes for Rational Modelling of Frequency-Dependent Components and Subnetworks 568\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBjørn Gustavsen\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. 1 Introduction 568\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. 2 Rational Functions 569\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. 3 Time-Domain Simulation 569\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. 4 Fitting Techniques 569\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.4. 1 Polynomial Fitting 569\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.4. 2 Bode’s Asymptotic Fitting 570\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.4. 3 Vector Fitting 570\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. 5 Passivity 571\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. 6 Matrix Fitting Toolbox 572\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.6. 1 General 572\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.6. 2 Overview 572\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. 7 Example A.1: Electrical Circuit 573\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. 8 Example 6.2: High-Frequency Transformer Modelling 575\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.8. 1 Measurement 575\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.8. 2 Rational Approximation 575\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.8. 3 Passivity Enforcement 575\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.8. 4 Time-Domain Simulation 576\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.8. 5 Comparison with Time-Domain Measurement 577\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 579\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAnnex B: Dynamic System Equivalents 581\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eUdaya D. Annakkage\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. 1 Introduction 581\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. 2 High-Frequency Equivalents 582\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.2. 1 Introduction 582\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. 2 Frequency-Dependent Network Equivalent (FDNE) 582\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.2. 3 Examples of High-Frequency FDNE 583\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.2. 4 Two-Layer Network Equivalent (TLNE) 586\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.2. 5 Modified Two-Layer Network Equivalent 592\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.2. 6 Other Methods 594\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.2. 7 Numerical Issues 594\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. 3 Low-Frequency Equivalents 595\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.3. 1 Introduction 595\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.3. 2 Modal Methods 596\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. 3 Coherency Methods 596\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.3. 4 Measurement or Simulation-Based Methods 597\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. 4 Wideband Equivalents 597\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. 5 Conclusions 597\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 598\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 601\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49406855971159,"sku":"9781118352342","price":99.86,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781118352342.jpg?v=1730497356","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/transient-analysis-of-power-systems-9781118352342","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}