{"product_id":"the-use-and-development-of-the-xinkan-languages-9781477308325","title":"The Use and Development of the Xinkan Languages","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDrawing on a wealth of previously neglected data to fully describe all aspects of phonology, morphology, and syntax as well as historical development, this is the most comprehensive reference book published to date on southeastern Guatemala's four nearly\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLIST OF FIGURES\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLIST OF TABLES\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eACKNOWLEDGMENTS\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLIST OF ABBREVIATIONS\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE LANGUAGES AND THEIR SPEAKERS \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.1. THE XINKAN LINGUISTIC CONTEXT\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.2. PAST WORK WITH THE XINKAN LANGUAGES\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.3. THE XINKAN SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXT\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1.4. ORGANIZATION OF THE GRAMMAR \u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e1.4.1. Description of data sources\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePART I. THE USE OF THE XINKAN LANGUAGES: SYNCHRONIC GRAMMAR \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCHAPTER 2. PHONOLOGY \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.1. VOWELS \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.1.1. Vowel length\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.1.2. Vowel Harmony\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.2. CONSONANTS \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.2.1. Guazacapán\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.2.2. Chiquimulilla\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.2.3. Jumaytepeque\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.2.4. Yupiltepeque\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.2.5. Consonant distribution\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.3. PHONOLOGICAL ALTERNATIONS \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.3.1. Glottalization\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.3.2. Voicing of stop following a nasal\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.3.3. Nasal assimilation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.3.4. Lenition to [h]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.3.5. Vowel raising\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.3.6. Glottal-stop epenthesis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.3.7. Consonant dissimilation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.3.8. Guazacapan Consonant deletion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.4. SYLLABLE STRUCTURE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.5. STRESS\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2.6. ORTHOGRAPHY\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCHAPTER 3. MORPHOLOGY \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.1. NOUNS \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.1.1. Possession\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.1.2. Number\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.1.3. Diminutive constructions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.2. ADJECTIVES \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.2.1. Adjectives as modifiers of nouns\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.2.2. Adjectives modified by ki ‘very’\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.2.3. Comparative and Superlative Constructions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.3. DETERMINERS \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.3.1. Articles\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.3.2. Demonstratives\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.3.3. Quantifiers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.4. NOUN PHRASES\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.5. PRONOUNS \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.5.1. Independent personal pronouns\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.5.2. Dependent pronouns\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.6. VERBS \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.6.1. Verb classes and transitivity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.6.2. Subject agreement\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.6.3. Grammatical aspect\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.6.4. Imperative form\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.6.5. Constrastive construction in Guazacpán\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.6.6. Tense\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.6.7. Grammatical Voice\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.6.8. Mood and modality\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.7. RELATIONAL NOUNS\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.8. VERBAL PARTICLES \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.8.1. p’e\/p’eh directional\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.8.2. wa optative\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.8.3. Negative imperative particle in Guazacapán\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.8.4. Verbs borrowed from Spanish\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.9. NOMINAL PARTICLES \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.9.1. kumu ‘as’\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.9.2. ti’i- \/ t’i- direct object\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.9.3. ‘i- reflexive in Guazacapán\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.9.4. ki’\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.9.5. kiki-\/kih\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.10. QUESTION WORDS\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.11. CONJUNCTIONS\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.12. DERIVATIONAL MORPHOLOGY \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.12.1. Noun derivations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.12.2. Adjective derivations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.12.3. Verbal derivation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCHAPTER 4. SYNTAX \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.1. SYNTACTIC ALIGNMENT \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.1.1. Grammatical relations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.1.2. Semantic relations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.1.3. Antipassive and verb agreement\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.2. SIMPLE SENTENCE FORMATION \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.2.1. Sentences with verbs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.2.2. Copular sentences\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.3. QUESTION FORMATION \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.3.1. Yes\/no questions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.3.2. Content questions (wh-questions)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.4. PREPOSING\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.5. NEGATION\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.6. COMPLEX SENTENCE FORMATION \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.6.1. Conjoined clauses\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.6.2. Serial verb constructions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.6.3. Relative clauses\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.6.4. Complement clauses\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.6.5. Adverbial clauses\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4.6.6. Conditional clauses\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCHAPTER 5. TEXT \u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e5.1. NA MULHA UY\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePART II THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE XINKAN LANGUAGES: DIACHRONIC GRAMMAR \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCHAPTER 6. HISTORICAL PHONOLOGY \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6.1. INTRODUCTION\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6.2. COMMENTARY ON THE RECONSTRUCTION OF PROTO-XINKAN\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6.3. PROTO-XINKAN PHONOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6.3.1Consonants\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6.3.2. Vowel changes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6.4. SUMMARY OF SOUND CHANGES\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6.5. SUBGROUPING\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6.6. CONCLUSION\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCHAPTER 7. HISTORICAL MORPHOLOGY \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e7.1. PRONOUNS AND PRONOMINAL AFFIXES \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e7.1.1. Pronouns\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e7.1.2. Pronominal affixes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e7.2. BOUND MORPHOLOGY\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCHAPTER 8. HISTORICAL SYNTAX \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e8.1OVERVIEW OF SYNTACTIC RECONSTRUCTION\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e8.2. XINKAN SYNTACTIC RECONSTRUCTION \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e8.2.1. Syntactic alignment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e8.2.2. Verb classes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e8.2.3. Word order\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e8.2.4. Nominal syntax reconstruction\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCHAPTER 9. LOOKING FORWARD\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAPPENDIX\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eREGULAR VERB CONJUGATION\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIRREGULAR VERB CONJUGATION\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBIBLIOGRAPHY\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTYPOLOGICAL INDEX\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTOPICAL INDEX\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNOTES\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"University of Texas Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51456079331671,"sku":"9781477308325","price":21.59,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781477308325.jpg?v=1755033717","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/the-use-and-development-of-the-xinkan-languages-9781477308325","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}