{"product_id":"the-second-revolution-the-council-movement-in-berlin-1919-20-9789004337084","title":"The Second Revolution: The Council Movement in Berlin 1919–20","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Berlin council movement of 1919–20 proves that there was a left alternative beyond Social Democracy and Stalinism in the German Revolution. The movement combined an impressive mass mobilisation with extensive socialist and democratic aspirations that pointed far beyond the Weimar order. Berlin was not just the centre of the November Revolution of 1918, but also the most important arena of the Second Revolution that followed. For the first time, the movement is analysed here in all its diversity and on the basis of a broad range of sources. Beside the workers' and factory councils, it also includes councils of students, women, the unemployed and intellectuals. Central events such as the 1919 general strike and the struggle against the Kapp Putsch of 1920 are also examined.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eForeword to the English Edition  About the Author  Abbreviations    Introduction   The Subject, Its Historical Context and Its Significance   The Present State of Research   Methodology and Sources    1 The March 1919 General Strike in Berlin   The Course of Events – a Brief Outline   Strikes in the Other Regions   Objectives of the Leadership and Measures Taken   Cross-Regional Coordination   Pressure from Below: The Rank and File of the Movement   Official Strike Demands   Scope and Capacity for Mobilisation   Organisation of the Strike Movement   Citizens’ Council and General Strike   The Role of the Media   Street Fighting during the Strike   The Response of the Governments   Interim Conclusion    2 The Demonstration outside the Reichstag on 13 January 1920   The Opposition Is Forming   The Course of Events at the Demonstration   Consequences   Contradictory Interpretations   The Role of the Security Police and Military   Interim Conclusion    3 The Kapp-Lüttwitz Putsch and the Council Movement   Starting Shot from the Right: The Putsch   Backlash from the Left: The General Strike in Germany and Berlin   Workers’ Organisations: For and against the Councils   A Second Spring for the Councils? Reconstruction and Activities   Interim Conclusion    4 The Revolutionary Central Office of Factory Councils   Foundation and Organisational Structure   Programme   Rivalry with the Trade Unions   Interim Conclusion    5 Pupil Councils   A Special Case: Gustav Wyneken’s Attempt at Reform   The Starting Point: Vocational Schools and the Youth Workers’ Movement   Structure of the Pupil Councils   The School Strike in the Summer of 1919   Relationship to the ‘Actual’ Council Movement   Interim Conclusion    6 Unemployed Councils   Unemployment in Berlin   Organisational Development of the Unemployed Councils   Objectives and Activities   Relations with the Other Sections of the Workers’ Movement   Interim Conclusion    7 The ‘Political Council of Intellectual Workers’    8 Women and the Council Movement   Contemporary Reflections on the Integration of Women into the Councils   Women in Council Practice   Interim Conclusion    9 The Council Policies of the Left Parties and Trade Unions   Origins and Contents of Article 165 of the Weimar Constitution and of the Factory Councils Act   Free Trade Unions: General German Trade Union Federation, DMV and AfA   SPD   KPD   USPD   Interim Conclusion    10 Summary and Conclusion   Aims and Concepts   Organisational Structures   Modes of Action   Relationship to the State   Council Movement and Revolution    Bibliography  Index","brand":"Brill","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53210698776919,"sku":"9789004337084","price":172.8,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/the-second-revolution-the-council-movement-in-berlin-1919-20-9789004337084","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}