{"product_id":"the-physics-of-living-processes-9781118449943","title":"The Physics of Living Processes","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA full-colour undergraduate textbook, based on a two semester course, that presents the fundamentals of biological physics, introducing essential modern topics that include cells, polymers, polyelectrolytes, membranes, liquid crystals, phase transitions, self-assembly, photonics, fluid mechanics, motility, chemical kinetics, and enzyme kinetics.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI Building Blocks 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Molecules 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Chemical Bonds and Molecular Interactions 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Chirality 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Proteins 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Lipids 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Nucleic Acids 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Carbohydrates 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Water 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9 Viruses 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10 Other Molecules 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggested Reading 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTutorial Questions 1 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Cells 31\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 The First Cell 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Metabolism 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Central Dogma of Biology 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Mutations and Cancer 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Prokaryotic Cells 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Eukaryotic Cells 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Chromosomes 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Cell Cycle 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10 Genetic Code 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11 Genetic Networks 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12 Human Genome Project 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.13 Genetic Fingerprinting 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.14 Genetic Engineering 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.15 Tissues 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.16 Cells as Experimental Models 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.17 Stem Cells 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggested Reading 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTutorial Questions 2 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eII Soft Condensed-Matter Techniques in Biology 55\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Introduction to Statistics in Biology 57\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Statistics 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Entropy 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Information 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Free Energy 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Partition Function 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Conditional Probability 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Networks 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggested Reading 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTutorial Questions 3 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Mesoscopic Forces 69\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Cohesive Forces 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Hydrogen Bonding 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Electrostatics 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Unscreened Electrostatic Interactions 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Screened Electrostatic Interactions 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 The Force Between Charged Aqueous Spheres 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Steric and Fluctuation Forces 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Depletion Forces 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Hydrodynamic Interactions 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Bell’s Equation 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Direct Experimental Measurements 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggested Reading 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTutorial Questions 4 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Phase Transitions 91\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 The Basics 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Helix–Coil Transition 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Globule–Coil Transition 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Crystallisation 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Liquid–Liquid Demixing (Phase Separation) 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggested Reading 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTutorial Questions 5 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Liquid Crystallinity 111\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 The Basics 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Liquid Nematic–Smectic Transitions 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Defects 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 More Exotic Possibilities for Liquid-Crystalline Phases 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggested Reading 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTutorial Questions 6 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Motility 135\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Diffusion 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Low Reynolds Number Dynamics 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Motility of Cells and Micro-Organisms 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 First-Passage Problem 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Rate Theories of Chemical Reactions 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Subdiffusion 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggested Reading 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTutorial Questions 7 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Aggregating Self-Assembly 157\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Surface-Active Molecules (Surfactants) 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Viruses 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Self-Assembly of Proteins 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Polymerisation of Cytoskeletal Filaments (Motility) 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggested Reading 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTutorial Questions 8 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Surface Phenomena 173\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Surface Tension 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Adhesion 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Wetting 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Capillarity 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Experimental Techniques 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Friction 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Adsorption Kinetics 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Other Physical Surface Phenomena 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggested Reading 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTutorial Questions 9 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Biomacromolecules 189\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Flexibility of Macromolecules 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Good\/Bad Solvents and the Size of Flexible Polymers 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Elasticity 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Damped Motion of Soft Molecules 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Dynamics of Polymer Chains 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Topology of Polymer Chains – Supercoiling 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggested Reading 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTutorial Questions 10 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Charged Ions and Polymers 219\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Electrostatics 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Deybe–Huckel Theory 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Ionic Radius 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 The Behaviour of Polyelectrolytes 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Donnan Equilibria 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Titration Curves 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Poisson–Boltzmann Theory for Cylindrical Charge Distributions 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Charge Condensation 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9 Other Polyelectrolyte Phenomena 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggested Reading 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTutorial Questions 11 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Membranes 247\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Undulations 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Bending Resistance 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Elasticity 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Intermembrane Forces 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Passive\/Active Transport 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Vesicles 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggested Reading 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTutorial Questions 12 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Continuum Mechanics 269\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Structural Mechanics 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Composites 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Foams 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Fracture 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Morphology 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggested Reading 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTutorial Questions 13 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Fluid Mechanics 281\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Newton’s Law of Viscosity 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Navier–Stokes Equations 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Pipe Flow 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Vascular Networks 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Haemodynamics 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Circulatory Systems 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 Lungs 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggested Reading 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTutorial Questions 14 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Rheology 293\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Storage and Loss Moduli 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Rheological Functions 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Examples from Biology: Neutral Polymer Solutions, Polyelectrolytes, Gels, Colloids, Liquid Crystalline Polymers, Glasses, Microfluidics 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.1 Neutral Polymer Solutions 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.2 Polyelectrolytes 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.3 Gels 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.4 Colloids 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.5 Liquid-Crystalline Polymers 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.6 Glassy Materials 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.7 Microfluidics in Channels 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Viscoelasticity of the Cell 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggested Reading 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTutorial Questions 15 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Motors 315\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Self-Assembling Motility – Polymerisation of Actin and Tubulin 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Parallelised Linear Stepper Motors – Striated Muscle 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Rotatory Motors 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Ratchet Models 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Other Systems 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggested Reading 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTutorial Questions 16 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Structural Biomaterials 331\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Cartilage – Tough Shock Absorbers in Human Joints 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Spider Silk 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Elastin and Resilin 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Bone 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Adhesive Proteins 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.6 Nacre and Mineral Composites 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggested Reading 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTutorial Questions 17 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Phase Behaviour of DNA 347\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Chromatin – Naturally Packaged DNA Chains 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 DNA Compaction – An Example of Polyelectrolyte Complexation 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Facilitated Diffusion 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggested Reading 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIII Experimental Techniques 355\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Experimental Techniques 357\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Mass Spectroscopy 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Thermodynamics 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2.1 Differential Scanning Calorimetry 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2.2 Isothermal Titration Calorimetry 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2.3 Surface Plasmon Resonance and Interferometry-Based Biosensors 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Hydrodynamics 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 Optical Spectroscopy 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4.1 Rayleigh Scattering 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4.2 Brillouin Scattering 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4.3 Terahertz\/Microwave Spectroscopy 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4.4 Infrared Spectroscopy 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4.5 Raman Spectroscopy 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4.6 Nonlinear Spectroscopy 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4.7 Circular Dichroism and UV Spectroscopy 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Optical Microscopy 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5.1 Fluorescence Microscopy 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5.2 Super-Resolution Microscopy 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5.3 Nonlinear Microscopy 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5.4 Polarisation Microscopy 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5.5 Optical Coherence Tomography 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5.6 Holographic Microscopy 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5.7 Other Microscopy Techniques 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6 Single-Molecule Detection 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7 Single-Molecule Mechanics and Force Measurements 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.8 Electron Microscopy 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.9 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.10 Static Scattering Techniques 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.11 Dynamic Scattering Techniques 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.12 Osmotic Pressure 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.13 Chromatography 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.14 Electrophoresis 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.15 Sedimentation 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.16 Rheology 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.17 Tribology 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.18 Solid Mechanical Properties 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggested Reading 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTutorial Questions 19 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIV Systems Biology 437\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 Chemical Kinetics 439\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1 Conservation Laws 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 Free Energy 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3 Reaction Rates 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4 Consecutive Reactions 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5 Case I and II Reactions 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.6 Parallel Reactions 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7 Approach to Chemical Equilibrium 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.8 Quasi-Steady-State Approximation 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.9 General Kinetic Equation Analysis 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggested Reading 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTutorial Questions 20 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 Enzyme Kinetics 461\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1 Michaelis–Menten Kinetics 461\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2 Lineweaver–Burke Plot 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3 Enzyme Inhibition 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4 Competitive Inhibition 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5 Allosteric Inhibition 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.6 Cooperativity 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.7 Hill Plot 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.8 Single Enzyme Molecules 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggested Reading 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTutorial Questions 21 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22 Introduction to Systems Biology 473\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.1 Integrative Model of the Cell 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2 Transcription Networks 474\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3 Gene Regulation 474\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.4 Lac Operon 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.5 Repressilator 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.6 Autoregulation 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.7 Network Motifs 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.8 Robustness 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.9 Morphogenesis 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.10 Kinetic Proofreading 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.11 Temporal Programs 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.12 Nonlinear Models 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.13 Population Dynamics 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggested Reading 498\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTutorial Questions 22 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eV Spikes, Brains and the Senses 501\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e23 Spikes 503\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.1 Structure and Function of a Neuron 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.2 Membrane Potential 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.3 Ion Channels 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4 Voltage Clamps and Patch Clamps 508\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.5 Nernst Equation 509\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.6 Electrical Circuit Model of a Cell Membrane 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.7 Cable Equation 513\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.8 Hodgkin–Huxley Model 515\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.9 Action Potential 518\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.10 Spikes – Travelling Electrical Waves 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.11 Cell Signalling 523\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggested Reading 524\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTutorial Questions 23 525\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e24 Physiology of Cells and Organisms 527\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.1 Feedback Loops 528\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.2 Nonlinear Behaviour 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.3 Potential Outside an Axon 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.4 Electromechanical Properties of the Heart 535\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.5 Electrocardiogram 536\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.6 Electroencephalography 537\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggested Reading 539\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTutorial Questions 24 540\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e25 The Senses 541\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.1 Biological Senses 541\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.2 Weber’s Law 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.3 Information Processing and Hyperacuity 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.4 Mechanoreceptors 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.5 Chemoreceptors 545\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.6 Photoreceptors 549\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.7 Thermoreceptors 551\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.8 Electroreceptors 552\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.9 Magnetoreceptors 552\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggested Reading 553\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTutorial Questions 25 554\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e26 Brains 555\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.1 Neural Encoding Inverse Problem 558\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.2 Memory 560\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.3 Motor Processes 564\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.4 Connectome 565\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.5 Cohesive Properties 566\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggested Reading 567\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTutorial Questions 26 568\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix A: Physical Constants 569\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix B: Answers to Tutorial Questions 571\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 593\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49406871568727,"sku":"9781118449943","price":62.65,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781118449943.jpg?v=1730497399","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/the-physics-of-living-processes-9781118449943","provider":"Book 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