{"product_id":"the-molecular-biology-of-cancer-9781118022870","title":"The Molecular Biology of Cancer","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Molecular Biology of Cancer, Stella Pelengaris \u0026amp; Michael Khan      This capturing, comprehensive text, extensively revised and updated for its second edition, provides a detailed overview of the molecular mechanisms underpinning the development of cancer and its treatment.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e“An excellent didactic technical production. For medical students, trainees, cancer biologists, oncologists, pharmacologists and endocrinologists. Cancer remains a menace in modern times.”  (\u003ci\u003ePediatric Endocrinology Reviews\u003c\/i\u003e, 1 September 2013)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“This book will be invaluable for nursing and medical students, establishing a basic understanding and progressing to more complex issues.  The end-of-chapter review questions are great preparation for exams.”  \u003ci\u003e(Nursing Standard\u003c\/i\u003e, 1 September 2013\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eContributors vii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface to the Second Edition ix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReviews of the First Edition x\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments and Dedication xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the Companion Website xii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Overview of Cancer Biology 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eMichael Khan and Stella Pelengaris\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCancer incidence and epidemiology 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTowards a definition of cancer 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCauses of cancer 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCancer is a genetic disease 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCancers (and Darwin’s finches) evolve by mutation and natural selection 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBlame the parents – inherited single gene defects and susceptibility to cancer 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe cancer “roadmap” – What kinds of genes are epimutated in cancer? 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eViruses and the beginnings of cancer biology 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHens and teeth or bears and woods? The hens have it – cancer is rare 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe barriers to cancer 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is the secret of cancer developme . . . “timing” 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocation location location – the cancer environment: nanny or spartan state 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCancer goes agricultural 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCancer superhighways – blood vessels and lymphatics 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOn your bike and turn the lights off before you go 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCatching cancer 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHammering the hallmarks 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePainting a portrait of cancer 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe drugs don’t work 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMechanism of origin rather than cell of origin – towards a new functional taxonomy of cancer 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIs it worth it? 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions and future directions 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 1.1 History of cancer 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 The Burden of Cancer 43\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eWilliam P. Steward and Anne L. Thomas\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLung cancer 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBreast cancer 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eColorectal cancer 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCarcinoma of the prostate 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRenal carcinoma 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSkin cancer 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCarcinoma of the cervix 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHematological malignancies 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions and future directions 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOutstanding questions 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for student review 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Nature and Nurture in Oncogenesis 67\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eMichael Khan and Stella Pelengaris\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRisk factors 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreventing cancers 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCancer genetics – in depth 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCancer genomics 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGene–environment interactions 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMutations and treatment 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemoprevention of cancer 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRisk factors act in combination 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental causes of cancer 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe clinical staging and histological examination of cancer 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScreening and biomarkers 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSomatic gene mutations epigenetic alterations and multistage tumorigenesis 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions and future directions 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOutstanding questions 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for student review 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle 111\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eStella Pelengaris and Michael Khan\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe cell cycle – overview 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhases of the cell cycle 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe cell-cycle engine: cyclins and kinases 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegulation by degradation 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegulation by transcription 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMicroRNAs and the cell cycle 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChromatin 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDNA replication and mitosis 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCheckpoints – putting breaks on the cell-cycle The DNA damage response (DDR) 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe checkpoints 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCell-cycle entry and its control by extracellular signals 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChanges in global gene expression during the cell cycle 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCell cycle and cancer 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrugging the cell cycle in cancer therapies 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions and future directions 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOutstanding questions 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for student review 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Growth Signaling Pathways and the New Era of Targeted Treatment of Cancer 146\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eStella Pelengaris and Michael Khan\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrowth factor regulation of the cell cycle 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrowth homeostasis and tissue repair and regeneration 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegulated and deregulated growth 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCellular differentiation 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTissue growth and the “angiogenic switch” 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCancers and nutrients 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrowth factor signaling pathways 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA detailed description of signal transduction pathways and their subversion in cancer 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTranslational control and growth 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions and future directions 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOutstanding questions 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for student review 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Oncogenes 188\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eStella Pelengaris and Michael Khan\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe oncogenes 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe discovery of oncogenes ushers in the new era of the molecular biology of cancer 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverview of oncogenes 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of oncogenes 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOncogene collaboration – from cell culture to animal models 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe c-MYC oncogene 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe RAS superfamily 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSRC – the oldest oncogene 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBCR–ABL and the Philadelphia chromosome 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe BCL-2 family 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiologically targeted therapies in cancer and the concept of “oncogene addiction” 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions and future directions 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOutstanding questions 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for student review 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Tumor Suppressors 239\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eMartine F. Roussel\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe “two-hits” hypothesis: loss of heterozygosity (LOH) 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHaploinsuffi ciency in cancer 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpigenetic events 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefinition of a tumor suppressor 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe retinoblastoma protein family 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ep53\/TP53 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eINK4a\/ARF 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe p53 and RB pathways in cancer 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSenescence and immortalization: Role of RB and p53 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTumor suppressors and the control of cell proliferation 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTumor suppressors and control of the DNA damage response and genomic stability 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe microRNAs and tumor suppressors 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions and future directions 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOutstanding questions 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for student review 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Cell Death 266\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eStella Pelengaris and Michael Khan\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn historical perspective 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApoptosis in context 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApoptosis as a barrier to cancer formation 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApoptosis versus necrosis 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCell death by necrosis – not just infl ammatory 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe pathways to apoptosis 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe apoptosome – “wheel of death” 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCaspases – the initiators and executioners of apoptosis 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe IAP family – inhibitors of apoptosis and much more 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe central role of MOMP and its regulators in apoptosis – the BCL-2 family 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndoplasmic reticulum stress 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStress-inducible heat shock proteins 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTumor suppressor p53 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOncogenic stress: MYC-induced apoptosis 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAutophagy – a different kind of cell death and survival 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCell death in response to cancer therapy 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExploiting cell death (and senescence) in cancer control 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions and future directions 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOutstanding questions 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for student review 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Senescence Telomeres and Cancer Stem Cells 295\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eMaria A. Blasco and Michael Khan\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSenescence 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions and future directions 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOutstanding questions 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for student review 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Genetic Instability Chromosomes and Repair 314\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eMichael Khan\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTelomere attrition and genomic instability 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSensing DNA damage 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRepairing DNA damage 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCheckpoints 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMicrosatellites and minisatellites 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChaperones and genomic instability 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCancer susceptibility syndromes involving genetic instability 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenomic instability and colon cancer 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions and future directions 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOutstanding questions 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for student review 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 There Is More to Cancer than Genetics: Regulation of Gene and Protein Expression by Epigenetic Factors Small Regulatory RNAs and Protein Stability 350\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eStella Pelengaris and Michael Khan\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe language of epigenetics 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpigenetics 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMethylation of DNA 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcetylation of histones and other posttranslational modifications 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpigenetics and cancer 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCIMP and MIN and the “mutator phenotype” 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImprinting and loss of imprinting 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical use of epigenetics 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegulation of translation 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNoncoding RNA and RNA interference 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTherapeutic and research potential of RNAi 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatments based on miRNA 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegulating the proteins 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTherapeutic inhibition of the proteasome 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReceptor degradation 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWrestling with protein transit – the role of SUMO and the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) body 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions and future directions 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOutstanding questions 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for student review 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Cell Adhesion in Cancer 383\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eCharles H. Streuli\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdhesive interactions with the extracellular matrix 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCell–cell interactions 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCritical steps in the dissemination of metastases 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eE-cadherin downregulation in cancer leads to migration 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpithelial–mesenchymal transitions 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntegrins metalloproteinases and cell invasion 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurvival in an inappropriate environment 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOutstanding questions 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for student review 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Tumor Immunity and Immunotherapy 410\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eCassian Yee\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndogenous immune response 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffector cells in tumor immunity 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTumor antigens 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntigen-specific therapy of cancer 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical trials in vaccine therapy 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCytokine therapy of cancer 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTumor immune evasion 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical trials in immunomodulatory therapy 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for student review 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Tumor Angiogenesis 429\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eChristiana Ruhrberg\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral principles of new vessel growth 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePathological neovascularization: tumor vessels 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBasic concepts in tumor angiogenesis: the angiogenic switch 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVascular growth and differentiation factors: stimulators of the angiogenic switch 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of inhibitors in angiogenesis 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical outcomes and future directions 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for student review 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Cancer Chemistry: Designing New Drugs for Cancer Treatment 438\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eAna M. Pizarro and Peter J. Sadler\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistorical perspective 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe drug discovery process and preclinical development of a drug 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions remaining 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions and future directions 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 458\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for student review 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Biologically Targeted Agents from Bench to Bedside 461\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eMichael Khan Peter Sadler Ana M. Pizarro and Stella Pelengaris\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTargeted therapies 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCancer cell heterogeneity 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinding the molecular targets 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTumor regression in mice by inactivating single oncogenes 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTargeted cancer therapies 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTargeting oncogenes to treat cancer? 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe concept of synthetic lethality and collateral vulnerability 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical progress in biological and molecular targeted therapies 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMolecular targeted drugs – an inventory 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDNA damage responses 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTranscription factors 491\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTargeting epigenetic regulation of gene expression 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHitting the extrinsic support network and preventing spread 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGene therapy antisense and siRNA 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResistance to targeted therapies – intrinsic resistance and emergence of secondary pathways and tumor escape 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNegative feedback loops and failure of targeted therapies 500\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiomarkers to identify optimal treatments and tailored therapies 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics 505\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical trials in cancer 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions and future directions 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for student review 508\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 The Diagnosis of Cancer 509\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eAnne L. Thomas Bruno Morgan and William P. Steward\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 509\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical manifestations 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInvestigations in oncological practice 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-invasive imaging techniques 516\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFuture novel uses of imaging 521\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProteomics and microarrays 523\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCirculating tumor cells 523\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisease staging 523\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions and future directions 524\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 524\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for student review 525\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Treatment of Cancer: Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy 526\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eAnne L. Thomas J.P. Sage and William P. Steward\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 526\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadiotherapy physics 526\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadiobiology 527\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment planning 528\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecent advances 529\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemoradiation 530\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 540\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for student review 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Caring for the Cancer Patient 544\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eNicky Rudd and Esther Waterhouse\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 544\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey concepts 544\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommunication with the cancer patient 544\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen is palliative care appropriate for cancer patients? 545\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePalliative care assessment 545\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSymptom control 545\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRespiratory symptoms 547\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNausea and vomiting 547\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBowel obstruction 548\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConstipation 549\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFatigue 549\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCachexia and anorexia 549\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsychological problems 549\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe dying patient 550\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupportive care 550\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn example of the care of a cancer patient 551\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions remaining 551\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions and future directions 551\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnderlying problems 551\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComment 551\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnderlying problems 552\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 552\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for student review 553\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 Systems Biology of Cancer 554\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eWalter Schubert Norbert C.J. de Wit and Peter Walden\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 556\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInformation flow in cells 556\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModel organisms and cancer models 557\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eArray-based technologies: genomics epigenomics and transcriptomics 559\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSNPs the HapMap and the identification of cancer genes 559\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCancer mRNA expression analysis 562\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCGH arrays CpG island microarrays and ChIP-on-Chip 564\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNext-generation sequencing 564\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProteomics 566\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePosttranslational modifi cations 567\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProtein complexes and cellular networks 569\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical applications of proteomics 570\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToponomics: investigating the protein network code of cells and tissues 571\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProcessing the images from the cyclical imaging procedures 571\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStructure code and semantics of the toponome: a high-dimensional combinatorial problem 573\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDetecting a cell surface protein network code: lessons from a tumor cell 575\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe molecular face of cells in diseases 576\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndividualized medicine and tailored therapies 576\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiscussion and conclusion 579\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 579\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternet resources 581\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for student review 582\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 20.1 Techniques for the generation of genetically altered mouse models of cancer 582\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 585\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to Questions 597\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 603\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley and Sons Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49406822089047,"sku":"9781118022870","price":145.3,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/the-molecular-biology-of-cancer-9781118022870","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}