{"product_id":"the-military-and-colonial-destruction-of-the-roman-landscape-of-north-africa-1830-1900-9789004248403","title":"The Military and Colonial Destruction of the Roman Landscape of North Africa, 1830-1900","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe French invaded Algeria in 1830, and found a landscape rich in Roman remains, which they proceeded to re-use to support the constructions such as fortresses, barracks and hospitals needed to fight the natives (who continued to object to their presence), and to house the various colonisation projects with which they intended to solidify their hold on the country, and to make it both modern and profitable. Arabs and Berbers had occasionally made use of the ruins, but it was still a Roman and Early Christian landscape when the French arrived. In the space of two generations, this was destroyed, just as were many ancient remains in France, in part because “real” architecture was Greek, not Roman.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface ix  Setting the Scene: Algeria in Context...1  1 The French Conquest...14 Introduction...14 Planning \u0026amp; logistics...15    A lack of knowledge...16    A lack of planning...18    Logistics and Supply...20    Political and Military Control...25    The Dépôt de la Guerre and Reconnaissances...29 Occupying the Ground...32    The French as Successors to the Romans...32    Roman Monuments and French Defences...38    Surviving within Roman Structures...41    Agriculture Roman and 19th-century...43    Health and Welfare...48    Civilising the Natives?...48    Fighting the Natives...51    Dealing with Colons and Speculators...55    Colonisation or Abandonment?...58 Reactions to the Occupation...60    Scholars and Commissions...60    A Forgotten Colony and War?...65    The French-Language Press in Paris...66    The Press in Britain and Germany...67    The French-Language Press in Algeria...68 Conclusion...69  2 The Army Establishes Itself, Colonisation Begins...75 The Army, Colonists and Roads...75 Security...76 Building or Repairing the Infrastructure...77    Builders, Competence and Algerian Conditions...77    Forts and Fortresses Roman and French...82    Accommodation for Body and Spirit...86    Byzantine Fortresses and French Scholarship...87    Defences for Arabs and Colons...89 Fountains and Water Supply...92    The Arabs and Water...94    The French and Water...99    Water Capture and Storage...102 Road, Bridge and Farm Building with Antiquities...109 Prehistoric Antiquities...112 Conclusion: Water and Roads...113  3 1830–40: The Destruction of Algiers, Constantine and other Early Settlements...119 Algiers (Capitulated 5 July 1830)...121 Constantine (Occupied 13 October 1837)...125 Médéa (Occupied 1830)...133 Arzew\/Arzeu (Occupied 1833)...133 Bougie (Occupied 1833)...134 Guelma (Occupied 10 November 1836)...137 Tlemcen etc (Occupied 1836)...141 Philippeville and Stora (Occupied 8 October 1838)...145 Sétif (First Entered 15 December 1838)...150 Milah (Occupied 1838)...155 Cherchel (Occupied by Valée 15 March 1840)...155 Force majeure, plus ça change . . . 159  4 Ruins, Roads and Railways...165 The Largest Quantity of Roman Ruins outside Asia Minor...165    North African Sites Occupied or Unoccupied...167    Officers and Soldiers Digging Together...181 Roads...184    Roman Roads in Algeria and Tunisia...185    French Roads in Algeria and Tunisia...187    Transport without Roads...189    New Roads, or Refurbished Roman Roads?...191 Railways...197 The Ponts et Chaussées...201  5 Epigraphy, Topography and Mapping...208 The Army’s uses for Roman Inscriptions...210    Army Camps, Route Marches and Inscriptions...211    Inscriptions in Mosques and Houses...214    Milestones...216 Léon Renier, Inscriptions and the Mission Civilisatrice...217    Inscriptions and International Recognition...220    Professionals versus Amateurs...225    Inscriptions versus Ruins...227    Ruins Undescribed...232    Inscriptions versus Archaeology...234    Inscriptions and Museums versus Settlers and Entrepreneurs...236    Destroy the Stone – but Let me Transcribe it First!...239 Mapping, Antiquities and Reconnaissances...242    Map-making in France...242    Early Map-making in Algeria...243    Confusion and Delay...248 The Brigades Topographiques and Antiquities...250    Centuriation Unrecognised...254    A Nest of Puzzles...257  6 The Army Rebuilds Tebessa (First visited 1842)...262 The Site and its Monuments...262 The French Occupy the Site...264 Extensive Building Work Begins...266 Destruction by Ledger...269  7 Building European Towns from the 1840s...275 European Town Plans...276    Building with Ruins...277 French-Occupied Sites and their Transformation...278    Orléansville (Settled 1843)...279    Lambessa (First Visited during 1844)...280    Aumale (Occupied 1846)...285    Tipasa (Occupied 1854)...286    Le Kef (Occupied 1881)...288    Sfax (Occupied 1881)...290    Sousse (Garrisoned 1881)...290    Histoire du vandalisme: Les monuments détruits de l’art français...292  8 Planting Colonies...299 The Bureaux Arabes...302 The Mitidja...306 Villages and Farms...308    Agricultural Colonies...309    Arab Villages...311    French Villages...314    Seriana: Documented Destruction...320    Farms...323    Si Monumentum Requiris . . . 325  9 Algeria and Tunisia on Display...329 Triumphalism and Collecting...329    Collections of Roman Art in France and North Africa...332    Hindsight: Napoleonic Art...335    Ideas and Algerian Propaganda...336 Representing Algeria and Tunisia: Exhibitions and Museums...341    Restoring the Ancient Monuments?...345    Museums...348  Conclusion: “Là où nous passons, tout tombe”...356  Appendix: A Timeline and Some Statistics...364  Bibliography...370    Sources...370    Modern Scholars...413 Index...425 Illustrations","brand":"Brill","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53210636091735,"sku":"9789004248403","price":203.2,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/the-military-and-colonial-destruction-of-the-roman-landscape-of-north-africa-1830-1900-9789004248403","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}