{"product_id":"the-international-seabed-authority-and-the-precautionary-principle-balancing-deep-seabed-mineral-mining-and-marine-environmental-protection-9789004332270","title":"The International Seabed Authority and the Precautionary Principle: Balancing Deep Seabed Mineral Mining and Marine Environmental Protection","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWith the transition to the commercial-scale exploitation of deep seabed minerals, the International Seabed Authority’s obligation to protect the marine environment is being tested. In The International Seabed Authority and the Precautionary Principle, Aline L. Jaeckel provides the first in-depth analysis of the Authority’s work in regulating and managing deep seabed minerals.    This book examines whether and to what extent the Authority is implementing the precautionary principle in practice. This includes the development of adequate environmental protection standards as well as procedural safeguards and decision-making processes that facilitate risk assessment and risk management. In doing so, the author offers an insightful example of how the precautionary principle can be translated into a practical management tool.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"With this book, Dr. Aline Jaeckel successfully overcomes the challenge of delivering what is just as much a reflection on theoretical notions of international environmental law as it is a very pragmatic and concrete case study. In that, she is a pioneer in the discussion of deep seabed mining, contributing to the development of maritime law and bringing the discussion to the next level. [..] Despite the specificity and technicality of the topic, she manages to make it very accessible with a clear and straightforward language. In this respect, this book is a polyvalent and useful tool to be recommended to all researchers, institutions, practitioners or students interested in the matter.\" - Laura E. Lallier, Maritime Institute, University of Ghent\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgements List of Abbreviations List of Figures List of Cases List of Treaties and Declarations PART I: CONTEXT – DEEP SEABED MINING, THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT, AND PRECAUTION Chapter 1:\tDeep Seabed Mining and the Marine Environment 1.1\tSetting the Scene: The Onset of Deep Seabed Mining 1.2\tExploring the Problem 1.2.1\tThe Marine Environment of the Deep Seabed and its Mineral Resources 1.2.2\tThe Environmental Risks and Uncertainties of Deep Seabed Mineral Mining 1.2.3\tThe Need for a Precautionary Approach to Seabed Mining 1.3\tObjectives of the Study 1.4\tTerminology 1.5\tMethodology and Limits of the Study 1.6\tStructure of the Study Chapter 2:\tThe Precautionary Principle in International Law 2.1\tIntroduction 2.2\tThe Precautionary Principle in International Law 2.2.1\tFrom Reactive to Proactive Thinking: the Rationale of Precaution 2.2.2\tHistory of the Precautionary Principle 2.2.3\tStatus of the Precautionary Principle in International Law 2.2.4\tOverlapping Principles: Precaution and Prevention 2.3\tDefining the Precautionary Principle: Three Elements 2.3.1\tThreat of Environmental Harm 2.3.2\tUncertainty 2.3.3\tRemedial Action 2.3.3.1\tEffectiveness 2.3.3.2\tProportionality 2.3.4\tThe Role of Thresholds 2.4\tImplementing the Precautionary Principle 2.4.1\tThe Three Dimensions of Implementing Precaution 2.4.1.1\tInstitutional Dimension 2.4.1.2\tProcedural Dimension 2.4.1.3\tProtective Measures 2.4.1.4\tA Three-dimensional Assessment of the Implementation of Precaution 2.4.2\tThe Role of Values 2.4.2.1\tMaking Uncertainties Explicit 2.4.2.2\tParticipation 2.4.2.3\tTransparency 2.4.2.4\tA Normative Framework 2.4.3\tThe Burden of Proof 2.4.3.1\tConsiderations for a General Allocation of the Burden of Proof 2.4.3.2\tReversing the Burden of Proof as an Implementation Measure 2.4.4\tThe Nature of Uncertainties 2.4.5\tDealing with Uncertainty in Complex Systems: Adaptive Management 2.4.6\tExamining Counter-Effects: the Aim of Net Environmental Protection 2.4.7\tSocio-Economic Considerations 2.5\tFramework for Analysing the Implementation of the Precaution: Assessment Criteria PART II: THE INTERNATIONAL SEABED AUTHORITY Chapter 3:\tThe International Seabed Authority and the Seabed Mining Regime 3.1\tIntroduction 3.2\tHistorical Development of the Deep Seabed Mining Regime 3.2.1\tThe Legal Status of the International Seabed and its Resources 3.2.2\tThe LOSC and Continuing Uncertainty as to the Legal Status of the Seabed and its Resources 3.2.3\tThe 1994 Implementing Agreement and the Revision of the Common Heritage Concept 3.3\tMandate of the ISA 3.4\tInstitutional Organisation of the ISA 3.4.1\tThe Assembly 3.4.2\tThe Council 3.4.3\tThe Secretariat 3.4.4\tThe Legal and Technical Commission 3.4.5\tThe Economic Planning Commission 3.4.6\tThe Finance Committee 3.4.7\tThe Enterprise 3.5\tDecision-making Processes in the ISA 3.5.1\tAdopting Mining Regulations 3.5.2\tAssessing Applications for Plans of Work 3.6\tEnforcement Powers 3.6.1\tMonitoring Compliance 3.6.2\tResponsibilities and Liability 3.7\tFinancing the ISA 3.8\tDispute Settlement in the ISA Regime: The Seabed Disputes Chamber 3.9\tConclusion Chapter 4:\tThe Environmental Mandate of the ISA 4.1\tIntroduction 4.2\tEnvironmental Considerations During the Negotiations of Part XI and the Implementing Agreement 4.3\tThe General Obligation Under the Convention and the Implementing Agreement to Protect and Preserve the Marine Environment 4.3.1\tThe Obligation to Protect and Preserve the Marine Environment 4.3.2\tThe Environmental Mandate of the ISA 4.3.3\tGeneral Environmental Obligations of States 4.4\tGradual Integration of Precaution into the LOSC 4.5\tThe Debate About Bioprospecting and Marine Scientific Research in the Context of the ISA’s Mandate 4.6\tConclusion Chapter 5:\tDeveloping the ISA’s Environmental Mandate Through the Mining Code 5.1\tIntroduction 5.2\tLaw-making Powers of the ISA 5.3\tThe Mining Code 5.3.1\tExploration Regulations 5.3.2\tLTC Recommendations 5.3.3\tFuture Exploitation Regulations 5.4\tThe ISA’s Environmental Obligations as Developed by the Mining Code 5.4.1\tAssess and Monitor Environmental Impacts 5.4.1.1\tEnvironmental Baselines 5.4.1.2\tEnvironmental Impact Assessments 5.4.1.3\tMonitoring Effects on the Marine Environment 5.4.2\tMarine Protected Areas 5.4.2.1\tMarine Protected Areas in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction 5.4.2.2\tMandate of the ISA to Declare Marine Protected Areas 5.4.3\tBest Environmental Practices 5.4.4\tEmergency Orders 5.4.5\tEnforcement and Liability 5.4.6\tApplying a Precautionary Approach 5.4.6.1\tPrecautionary Thresholds in the ISA Context 5.5\tConclusion PART III: IMPLEMENTING PRECAUTION BY THE INTERNATIONAL SEABED AUTHORITY Chapter 6:\tImplementing the Precautionary Principle: Protective Measures 6.1\tIntroduction 6.2\tMarine Scientific Research 6.2.1\tResearch Regarding Faunal Diversity Associated with Polymetallic Nodules 6.2.2\tResearch Regarding Ecosystems Associated with Polymetallic Sulphides and Ferromanganese Crusts 6.2.3\tDiscussion About the ISA’s Engagement in Marine Scientific Research 6.3\tMarine Protected Areas 6.3.1\tThe Environmental Management Plan for the Clarion-Clipperton Zone 6.3.2\tEnvironmental Management Plans for Other Areas? 6.3.3\tMulti-Purpose Marine Protected Areas 6.3.4\tPreservation Reference Zones 6.3.5\tSafety Margins 6.4\tMeasures Pertaining to Particularly Vulnerable Ecosystems 6.5\tListing of Particular Activities 6.6\tEmergency Orders 6.7\tEnvironmental Restoration 6.8\tConclusion Chapter 7:\tImplementing the Precautionary Principle: Procedural Elements 7.1\tIntroduction 7.2\tAssessing Risks and Uncertainties… 7.2.1\t…through Strategic Environmental Assessment 7.2.2\t…in the Context of Assessing New Applications for Exploration Contracts 7.2.3\t…through Environmental Impact Assessments During Exploration Work 7.2.3.1\tThe Lack of Environmental Baselines 7.2.3.2\tProcedural Consequences of Environmental Impact Assessments 7.2.4\tBringing Environmental Impact Assessments in Line with the Precautionary Approach – Some Suggestions 7.3\tAmending Environmental Standards 7.3.1\tAmending Regulations 7.3.2\tAmending Recommendations 7.3.3\tReviewing a Programme of Activities 7.3.4\tUpdating Regional Environmental Management Plans 7.3.5\tSome Suggestions for Changes to the Procedural Framework 7.4\tEnsuring Transparency and Participation 7.4.1\tTransparency 7.4.2\tPublic Participation 7.4.3\tSome Suggestions for Ensuring Transparency and Public Participation 7.5\tThe Burden of Proof 7.5.1\tThe Status Quo in the ISA’s Legal Framework 7.5.2\tThe Reversal of the Burden of Proof in Specific Cases 7.6\tMonitoring of Environmental Effects 7.6.1\tMonitoring Programme for Contractors 7.6.2\tMonitoring the Environmental Effects of Protective Measures 7.6.3\tMonitoring Environmental Effects on a Regional Scale 7.7\tConclusion Chapter 8:\tImplementing the Precautionary Principle: Institutional Aspects 8.1\tIntroduction 8.2\tInstitutional Mechanisms for Implementing Precaution 8.2.1\tMechanisms for the Assessment of Environmental Risks and Protective Measures 8.2.2\tMechanisms for Ensuring Compliance 8.3\tCurrent Institutional Limitations 8.3.1\tCapacity and Limitations of the Legal and Technical Commission 8.3.2\tCapacity and Limitations of the ISA Secretariat 8.4\tOptions for Institutional Innovation for the ISA 8.4.1\tAn Environmental Commission 8.4.2\tA Mining Inspectorate 8.5\tConclusion Chapter 9:\tConclusion 9.1\tThe Complexities of Implementing the Precautionary Principle 9.2\tThe Strengths and Weaknesses of the ISA’s Current Approach to Precaution 9.2.1\tAbsence of a Conservation Objective 9.2.2\tLack of Obligation to Identify Uncertainties 9.2.3\tStrength Derived from Affording Scientific Information a Central Role 9.2.4\tProcedural Challenges Associated with Environmental Impact Assessments and Adaptive Management 9.2.5\tLack of Strategic Vision 9.2.6\tSuccesses and Challenges with Respect to Timely Action 9.2.7\tSuccesses and Challenges with Respect to the Role of the ISA in Marine Scientific Research 9.2.8\tConclusion 9.3\tStrengthening the Implementation of the Precautionary Principle by the ISA: Suggestions for a Way Forward BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX","brand":"Brill","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53210695860567,"sku":"9789004332270","price":161.6,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/the-international-seabed-authority-and-the-precautionary-principle-balancing-deep-seabed-mineral-mining-and-marine-environmental-protection-9789004332270","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}