{"product_id":"the-functional-consequences-of-biodiversity-9780691088228","title":"The Functional Consequences of Biodiversity","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEcosystems provide food, fuel, and drinkable water, regulate local and regional climate, and recycle needed nutrients, among other things. This volume synthesizes empirical studies on the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning and extends that knowledge using a novel and coordinated set of models and theoretical approaches.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"An exciting, timely, and unique book by a powerful team of authors. No other text competes with it. It will be the standard reference on the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning for the next five, even ten years.\"\u003cb\u003e—John H. Lawton, Chief Executive, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"This book, written by superb authors, fills a major need in that it unites a discussion of pioneering research on the role of biodiversity in ecosystem function and relates these experiments to a common theoretical framework. The idea of bringing to bear a standardized and commonly accepted ecosystem function model on the biodiversity question is ingenious and of great value.\"\u003cb\u003e—Peter Kareiva, Lead Scientist, The Nature Conservancy\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"This exceptionally well-edited book summarizes, successfully, our current knowledge on the ecosystem functioning of biodiversity. It does much more, however: through the clever use of a standard model to explore various aspects of the issue, it greatly extends our understanding. The authors, who are all at the top of their fields, provide a wonderfully creative and useful analysis that goes a long way to explaining the true nature of the controversy that has plagued the field in the past couple of years. The Functional Consequences of Biodiversity provides a well-marked path for future work.\"\u003cb\u003e—Harold Mooney, Stanford University\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface xiii  List of Contributors xix  List of Figures xxi  List of Tables xxv  Chapter 1. Opening Remarks by Ann P. Kinxig  PART 1 Empirical Progress  Chapter 1. Biodiversity, Composition, and Ecosystem Processes: Theory and Concepts byDavid Tilman and Clarence Lehman 9  Introduction 9  Definitions of Diversity 11  Problems Related to Experiments and Observations 14  Diversity, Productivity, and Resource Dynamics 15  Sampling Effect Models 16  Niche Differentiation Models 23  Diversity and Stability 29  Measures of Stability 29  Components of Temporal Stability 30  Diversity and Temporal Stability in Multispecies Models 34  Summary 39  Acknowledgments 41  Chapter 2. Experimental and Observational Studies of Diversity, Productivity, and Stability by David Tilman, Johannes Kncps, David Wedin, and Peter Reich 42  Diversity and Stability 43  Diversity, Productivity, and Nutrient Dynamics 49  New Results from the Cedar Creek Biodiversity Experiment 53  Methods 53  Soil Nitrate 54  Community Cover and Biomass 54  Species Number and Composition 60  Weedy Invasion and Fungal Pathogens 63  Patterns in Native Grassland 65  Summary and Synthesis 67  Acknowledgments 70  Chapter 4. Biodiversity and the Functioning of Grassland Ecosystems: Multi-Site Comparisons by Andy Hector 71  Introduction 71  The BIODEPTH Project 72  Multiple Influences on Productivity 74  Differences between Locations 74  Species Richness versus Functional Groups 75  Richness versus Composition 79  Effects of Nitrogen Fixers 81  The Sampling Effect and Biodiversity Mechanisms 82  Testing the Sampling Effect 84  Summary of the BIODEPTH Results 89  Comparisons with Related Studies 89  Relationships within and between Sites 93  Summary 94  Acknowledgments 95  Chapter 5. Autotrophic-Heterotrophic Interactions and Their Impacts on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning by Shahid Naeem 96  Introduction 96  Fundamentals 98  Classes of Trophically Defined Functional Groups 98  The Producer-Decomposer Codependency (PDC) 100  Fundamental Trophic Structure 101  Heterotrophic Diversity and Ecosystem Functioning 101  Decomposers and Producers Affect Each Other via Carbon Exchange 102  Consumers Affect the Biomass of Producers and Decomposers 103  Trophic Structure Influences Rates of Material Cycling 104  Heterotrophic Diversity Affects Levels and Stability of Ecosystem Processes 105  Heterotrophs Modulate Producer Diversity Effects 109  Summary of Empirical Findings 111  Implications for Autotroph-Only Models 112  Decomposers 113  Trophic Levels 113  Material Pools 113  Discussion 114  Chapter 6. Empirical Evidence for Biodiversity-Ecosystem Functioning Relationships by Bernhard Schmid, Jasmin joshi, and Felix Schldpfer 120  Introduction 120  Plant Diversity Effects on Ecosystem Functioning 123  General Patterns under Uniform Conditions 124  General Patterns under Variable Conditions 136  Biodiversity Effects among Trophic Levels 140  Review of Empirical Studies 140  Importance of Biological Interactions 140  Designing Empirical Studies to Measure Biodiversity-Ecosystem Functioning Relationships 141  Relevance of Existing Studies 141  Suggestions for Future Studies 148  Acknowledgments 150  Chapter 7. The Transition from Sampling to Complementarity by Stephen Pacala and David Tilman 151  Conclusions 165  PART 2 Theoretical Extensions  Chapter 8. Introduction to Theory and the Common Ecosystem Model by Stephen Pacala and Ann P. Kinzig 169  The Common Ecosystem Model 171  Summary of the Basic Model 174  Chapter 9. Successional Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning by Ann P. Kinzig and Stephen Pacala 175  Introduction 175  The Successional Niche in a Simple Mechanistic Ecosystem Model 179  Case Studies 183  Results 185 Competition-Colonization in a Simple Mechanistic Ecosystem Model 193  Local versus Global Performance 195  Cases Considered 197  Results 202  Conclusions 212  Chapter 10. Environmental Niches and Ecosystem Functioning by Peter Chesson, Stephen Pacala, and Claudia Neuhauser 213  Introduction 213  Environmental Niches 215  Temporal Niches 216  Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Niches 222  Ecosystem Functioning 223  Ecosystem Functioning with Spatial Niches 224  Ecosystem Functioning with Temporal Niches: Lottery Models 226  Ecosystem Functioning with Temporal Niches: a Mediterranean Ecosystem 228  Discussion 237  Acknowledgments 244  Appendix 245  Cahpter 11. Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning: The Role of Trophic Interactions and the Importance of System Openness by Robert D. Holt and Michel Loreau 246  Introduction 246  The Sampling Effect Model and Community Assembly 247  Importance of Trophic Complexity and System Openness 248  Toward an Ecosystem Model with Trophic Interactions 250  Case I: Ecosystem Closed at Top, Open at Bottom 252  Case II: Ecosystem Closed at Bottom, Open at Top 256  Discussion 256  Conclusions 259  Acknowledgments 262  PART 3 Applications and Future Directions 12. Linking Soil Microbial Communities and Ecosystem Functioning by Teri C. Baker, Ann P. Kinzig, and Mary K. Firestone 265  Introduction 265  Challenges in Linking Microbial Communities and Ecosystem Functioning 266  Application of Macroscale Diversity Theory to Microorganisms 267 Microbial Ecology Contribution to the Study of Ecosystem Functioning 268  Ecosystem Science and Microbial Ecology 269  Linking Microbial Community Composition and Ecosystem Functioning: A Review of Concepts and Models 271  Broad versus Narrow Processes 271  Application of Physiological Ecology 272  Microbial Strategies: Physiological Constraints and Trade-Offs 276  Timeline of Microbial Response: Conceptual Model of Microbial Role in Ecosystem Functioning 278  Microbial Response: Four Phases 278  Microbial Community Response to Modulator versus Resource Change 282  Relevance to the Timescale of Global Changes 284  Conclusions and Future Research Needs 285  Acknowledgments 287  Appendix  Linking Microbial Community Composition and Ecosystem Functioning. Incorporating Microbial Dynamics in the Common Ecosystem Model 287  Chapter 13. How Relevant to Conservation Are Studies Linking Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning? by Sharon P. Lawler, Juan J. Armesto, and Peter Kareiva 294  Introduction 294  Conservation Philosophies and Ecological Science 295  Studies of Biodiversity-Ecosystem Functioning Relationships: Origins and Recent Critiques 298  Four Unresolved Issues 301  Relating Biodiversity Theory and Experiments to Losses in Biodiversity Caused by Humans 308  Where Should Biodiversity Research Move in the Future If It Is to Best Address Conservation Problems? 310  Do Conservationists Need the Results of Biodiversity Experiments to Justify Their Work? 312  Acknowledgments 313  Chapter 14. Looking Back and Peering Forward by Ann P. Kinzig, Stephen Pacala, and David Tilman 314  References 331  Index 359","brand":"Princeton University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51359103123799,"sku":"9780691088228","price":69.7,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780691088228.jpg?v=1754123597","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/the-functional-consequences-of-biodiversity-9780691088228","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}