{"product_id":"the-ethical-journalist-making-responsible-decisions-in-the-digital-age-3rd-edition-9781119777472","title":"The Ethical Journalist Making Responsible","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I: A Foundation for Making Ethical Decisions 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Why Ethics Matters in Journalism 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOur society needs news professionals who do the right thing\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Contemporary journalists are keenly aware of the ethics of the profession,\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003edealing frequently with ethics questions.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• In a profession that cannot be regulated because of the First Amendment,\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eresponsible journalists adhere voluntarily to high standards of conduct.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• The goal of this book and course is to teach you how to make ethically\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003esound decisions.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Discussing case studies in class is crucial to learning the decision-making process.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• The digital era, which has radically changed the way the news is gathered\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eand delivered, has provoked controversy over whether ethics should\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eradically change as well.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Confronted with a daily deluge of information, the public depends on\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eethical journalists for news that can be trusted.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoint of View: A “Tribal Ferocity” Enforces the Code (John Carroll)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Ethics: The Bedrock of a Society 17\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn introduction to terms and concepts in an applied-ethics course\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Ethics is about discerning between right and wrong and then doing what\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eis right.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Ancient societies developed systems of ethics that still influence human\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ebehavior.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Though often related, ethics and law differ; law prescribes\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eminimum standards of conduct, and ethics prescribes exemplary conduct.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• A member of a society absorbs its ethical precepts through a process of\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003esocialization.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Our value system – based on the things we prize most – influences how\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ewe make moral choices.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• An ethical dilemma demands such a moral choice: a person may have to violate\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eone ethical principle to fulfill another.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 The News Media’s Role in Society 25\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe profession has matured and accepted social responsibility\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Journalists generally agree that their fundamental ethical principles are to\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eseek truth, serve the public, and maintain independence from the people\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ethey report on.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Journalism, like other professions and institutions, owes society a moral duty\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ecalled social responsibility.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• In the 1940s, the Hutchins Commission defined journalism’s social responsibility:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eto provide reliable information for the community.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• An ethical awakening occurred in journalism during the decade beginning in\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ethe mid-1970s.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• During this period of reform, many news organizations codified their principles,\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003efirst addressing conflicts of interest and then refining news-coverage practices.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Today’s journalism reflects decades of rising professionalism, but the transition to\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ethe digital era presents new challenges.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoint of View: The Essential Pursuit of Truth (Martin Baron)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoint of View: Decision-Making in the Digital Age (James M. Naughton)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 For Journalists, a Clash of Moral Duties 43\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResponsibilities as professionals and as human beings can conflict\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• In the abstract, journalists should avoid becoming involved with the events and\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ethe people they cover.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• However, certain situations require journalists to decide whether they\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eshould step out of their observer role and become participants.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• In those situations, guidelines can help journalists reach sound decisions\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eabout whether to intervene.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoint of View: Journalists Are Humans, Too (Halle Stockton)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Study: The Journalist as a Witness to Suffering\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Study: Protester Is Beaten; Reporter Steps In\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 The Public and the Media: Love and Hate 63\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe goal for the journalist should be respect, not popularity\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Even as the news media mature and accept social responsibility, the public\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eis increasingly hostile, and that is documented in surveys.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• As a journalist, you should be aware of this hostility and the likely reasons for it.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• You should treat the audience with respect and take complaints seriously;\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003estripping away the rancor, you might find useful lessons.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• The public’s hostility has to be put in perspective; it may not be as bad as it seems.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoint of View: Journalism, Seen From the Other Side (Jane Shoemaker)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Study: A Journalist’s Trial by Social Media\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 How the ‘Trump Effect’ Challenged Journalism 77\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe news media had never dealt with a president like No. 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• As a candidate and president (2015 - 2021), Donald Trump vigorously tested\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ejournalism’s habits, tools, and tenets.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Modifying their reporting practices, journalists adapted to Trump much as\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eearlier generations had adapted to Senator Joseph R. McCarthy. But the transition\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ewas not a smooth one.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• To deal with a multitude of false statements, news organizations created\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003efact-checking units and debated whether to use the word lie.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Coverage of Trump and his administration ranged from hard-hitting\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003einvestigations to snarky commentary that tended to confirm critics’\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eallegations of bias.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoint of View: Impartial Journalism’s Enduring Value (Thomas Kent)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Applying Four Classic Theories of Ethics 99\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAncient philosophy can be a factor in the decision-making process\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• The strengths and weaknesses of four classic ethical theories in the context\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eof editors’ decisions to publish government secrets.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Rule-based thinking – doing the right thing, even if there are consequences.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Ends-based thinking – choosing to do what brings the most good to the\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003emost people.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• The Golden Rule – treating other people the way you would want to be treated.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Aristotle’s Golden Mean – finding a moderate solution when the extremes won’t work.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• The practice of journalism typically blends rule-based thinking and endsbased thinking.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Using a Code of Ethics as a Decision Tool 109\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten professional standards can be a valuable guide\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Ethics codes in journalism trace their origins to the early twentieth century,\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eas some editors put word-of-mouth standards into writing.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Codes adopted by professional associations of journalists are voluntary;\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ecodes adopted by news outlets for the direction of their staffs are\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eenforceable.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Codes can be useful as a part of the decision process, not as a substitute for\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ethat process.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• The Society of Professional Journalists’ 2014 revision of its code of ethics is a model\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003efor the profession. Its four guiding principles are: seek truth and report it,\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eminimize harm, act independently, and be accountable and transparent.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Making Moral Decisions You Can Defend 117\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow to apply critical thinking and a decision template\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• A careful decision-making process draws on the practical skills of\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ejournalism: gathering facts, analyzing them, and making judgments.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Critical thinking – thoughtful analysis – is an essential component of\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ethe decision process.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• A step-by-step template can guide you to a better decision.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• You must test your decision to see if it can be defended.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• In this course, approach the case studies as a laboratory exercise in\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003edecision-making.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoint of View: Avoid These Rationalizations (Michael Josephson)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Study: Deciding Whether to Identify a CIA Agent\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II: Putting Journalism Ethics to Work 131\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Getting the Facts Right and Being Fair 133\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSPJ’s guiding principle of seeking truth and reporting it\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Accuracy and fairness are journalism’s fundamental ethical values.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• The digital era, with its emphasis on speed, entices reporters to take\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eshortcuts and, thus, to risk mistakes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Journalists have to be alert for hoaxes, especially on the web.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Problematic trends in the newsroom: less specialization, less editing.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoint of View: Declaring What You Won’t Report (Craig Silverman)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Study: A Story of Rape at Mr. Jefferson’s University\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Study: A Double Disaster at the Sago Mine\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Study: Richard Jewell: He Really Was a Hero\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Study: The Football Star’s Fictitious Girlfriend\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Showing Empathy for People in the News 167\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSPJ’s guiding principle of minimizing harm\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Recognizing that the truth can hurt, journalists should weigh the information\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ethey are reporting against the harm it can be expected to cause. Sometimes\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ethat calculation might lead to a decision not to publish a detail of marginal\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003erelevance or possibly an entire story or photograph.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Requests from the public to “unpublish” archival content create an ethical\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003edilemma: a desire to protect the historical record versus consideration of\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ethe people hurt by that record, especially when it is flawed.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Reporters should take particular care when interviewing children and\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003esurvivors of a tragedy, or when reporting on suicides.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Journalists should be aware that their presence can be viewed as intrusive.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Study: The Death of a Boy\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoint of View: Reporting a Fact, Causing Harm (William F. Woo)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Avoiding Conflicts: Appearances Count 183\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSPJ’s guiding principle of acting independently\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• In an actual conflict of interest, journalists allow self‐interest, or a loyalty to any\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eother person or organization, to take precedence over their duty to the audience.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Because a conflict of interest gives the audience reason to doubt the journalist’s\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eloyalty, it undermines credibility.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• An appearance of a conflict of interest can damage credibility even if the journalist’s\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ereporting is honest.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• By following reasonable guidelines, you can avoid most conflicts, actual or apparent.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Identifying situations that commonly lead to conflicts.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Study: A Reporter’s Son Joins a Foreign Army\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Study: A Journalist’s Gifts to the Clinton Foundation\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Study: The Columnist’s Other Job\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Study: Carrying a Torch, Stirring Debate\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Lifting the Curtain on How Journalism Is Done 209\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSPJ’s guiding principle of being accountable and transparent\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• News organizations should correct their mistakes promptly, prominently,\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eand clearly.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• News organizations should have a system to invite, receive, and act on inquiries\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eand complaints about news coverage.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• News organizations should be willing to explain and discuss how they cover\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ethe news.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• The audience can be a partner in reporting the news, but journalists have a\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eduty to verify all user-generated content.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• There are limits to journalistic transparency, including the question of whether\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ereporters’ personal opinions should be revealed.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoint of View: A Digital Dialogue With Readers (Mark Bowden)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Study: Roughed Up at Recess\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Navigating Social Media’s Uneven Terrain 227\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConnecting with the audience while maintaining impartiality\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Using social media helps journalists report their stories and promote them.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHowever, journalists’ comments about people and events in the news can\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003edamage their credibility and that of their news organizations.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Social media policies are a common source of tension in newsrooms, and\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eenforcement of those policies has led to staff protests.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoint of View: Race, Gender, Social Media, and Power (Ingrid Sturgis)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoint of View: A Journalist’s Duty (Bob Steele)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Study: A Reporter’s Tweet Hits a Sour Note\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Covering a Diverse, Multicultural Society 247\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn ethical duty to be inclusive in news coverage and in the newsroom\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Covering society’s diversity is an ethical responsibility, because news\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eorganizations have a duty to cover the entire community.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Careful, sensitive reporting is required to analyze the complex issues of\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eracial and ethnic conflicts.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Journalists face challenges in their efforts to provide knowledgeable\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ecoverage of cultures other than their own.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Reporters who cover new immigrants are confronting ethics issues such as\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eprotecting the identity of sources who are not documented.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoint of View: Gaining Respect by Showing Respect (Joann Byrd)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Dealing With Sources of Information 265\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe fine line between getting close and too close\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Ethics issues arise in reporters’ efforts to cultivate sources while\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003emaintaining independence from those sources.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• If a journalist agrees to protect a source who provides information on\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003econdition of anonymity, honoring that agreement is a solemn ethical duty.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Journalists must avoid placing their sources in any kind of jeopardy.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Beat reporting requires reporters to balance their relationships with\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003enewsmakers whom they depend on for information but also may have to\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ereport on critically.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Showing copy to sources and other situations in which ethics issues arise in\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003esource relationships.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoint of View: Sometimes, Different Rules Apply (Jeffrey Fleishman)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Study: The Strange Intercept at “The Intercept”\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Making News Decisions About Privacy 285\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe public may need to know what individuals want hidden\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Journalists often must decide between the public’s legitimate need to\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ehave certain information and the desire for privacy by the individuals involved.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Although there are certain legal restraints on publicizing private information,\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003emost decisions are made on the basis of ethics rather than law.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• A three-step template, weighing the value of the information to the public against\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ethe degree of harm to the subject, can aid decision-making in privacy cases.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Reporting situations in which privacy is central to decision-making.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Study: Tracing the Source of Web Comments\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Study: Identifying a 13-Year-Old Rape Victim\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Making Decisions About Offensive Content 305\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe conflict between reflecting reality and respecting the audience\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Journalists often have to decide whether to publish or broadcast content that\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ecould offend a significant element of the audience.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Offensive content falls into three categories: perceived insensitivity, offensive\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ewords, and offensive images.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• A two-step process can help you make decisions, weighing the content’s news value\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eagainst how offensive it is.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Although the internet empowers the audience to be heard, news organizations\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eare struggling to find ways to curb incivility, and some are discontinuing online comments.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Study: A Vulgar List in the News\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Study: A Killer Records a Video of His Murders\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Deception: A Risky, Controversial Tool 321\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen values collide: Lying while seeking the truth\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• To decide whether to use a deceptive reporting practice, you first must\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eacknowledge the deceit and not rationalize it.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Before engaging in undercover reporting – pretending to be someone else –\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eyou must meet exacting standards.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• There are other situations, short of undercover, in which journalists could\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003edeceive or could be perceived as deceiving.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• There is a consensus in the profession that a journalist should never\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003edeceive the audience or the journalist’s colleagues.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoint of View: The Truth About Deception (Brooke Kroeger)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Study: Rumsfeld’s Q\u0026amp;A With the Troops\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Study: Spying on the Mayor in a Chat Room\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 Ethics Issues in Visual and Audio Journalism 343\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeeking truth with the camera or microphone while minimizing harm\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• The public, aware how easy digital manipulation can be, must be able\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eto trust the truthfulness of the news media’s photography and audio reports.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• News organizations have adopted standards to ensure the integrity of their\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ephotography and audio reports.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• The success of podcasts has created a new opportunity for audio journalism\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ewhere ethics standards are still being formulated.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Recognizing that some news photography can offend the audience,\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ejournalists weigh its news value against the likely offense.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• A number of news organizations are reducing their use of police arrest\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eportraits because of fairness concerns.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• The use of aerial drones for news photography is increasing, and ethics\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eguidelines are being put in place to protect privacy and safety.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Study: The Falling Man, World Trade Center, 2001\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Study: Photographing a Man Pushed to His Death\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 Stolen Words and Invented Facts 367\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDishonesty can kill a career in journalism\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Plagiarism and fabrication are morally wrong. Plagiarism is stealing the\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ecreative work of another. Fabrication is making things up and presenting\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ethem as fact.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• The offenses of plagiarism and fabrication destroy journalism’s credibility\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eand cost offenders their jobs and their careers.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Committing illegal acts is unacceptable in the pursuit of news.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Following sound work practices can help you avoid any hint of impropriety.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Newsroom leaders have a duty to establish clear rules about journalistic\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003emisconduct and to enforce them.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22 The Business of Producing Journalism 383\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeeking financial stability in a turbulent era of transition\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Technological and economic transition has caused tensions in today’s\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003enews media.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• More people are getting their news digitally, but online sites are struggling\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eto find stable sources of revenue.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Although advertisers have historically paid for news coverage, consumers are\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003enow being asked to pay for digital subscriptions.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Native advertising has found a home on news websites, where stringent rules\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eare needed to protect integrity of news content.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• The business and news executives of media companies frequently have a\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003estrained relationship, mainly because their cultures are so different.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Study: Sharing Ad Profits, Creating a Crisis\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThoughts to Take With You 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 406 \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley and Sons Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49528863883607,"sku":"9781119777472","price":48.4,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119777472.jpg?v=1731873324","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/the-ethical-journalist-making-responsible-decisions-in-the-digital-age-3rd-edition-9781119777472","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}