{"product_id":"the-circle-of-god-an-archaeological-and-historical-search-for-the-nature-of-the-sacred-a-study-of-continuity-9781784911379","title":"The Circle of God: An archaeological and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSymbolism was endemic in the ancient world as a visual language, with its interpretation one of the most important challenges, especially in the realm of the divine and sacred, to today’s cognitive archaeology and Classical Studies. This study is focussed on circular solar\/cosmic symbolism which has endured for seven millennia in the European and Mediterranean worlds. The potency of the solar\/cosmic circle should not be understated, as this study will demonstrate, with its worldwide affiliation. For all humankind is aware of the sun’s benefits of light and warmth, and of the seasons which needed in the ancient world to be sustained by heavenly harmony through ritual, sacrifice and worship; hence the introduction of sympatheia, i.e. ‘as above so below’ thus satisfying society’s need for a relationship with the natural world of the universe\/sun. To that end, Bronze Age people created circular landscapes such as Stonehenge with circular henges and burial monuments (barrows). In the Classical Greco-Roman world, kingship required emperors to play a cosmocrator role acting as a beneficial solar\/cosmic earthly filter for their people. Thus Augustus adopted the primary solar Greek god Apollo as his patron, for he commanded prophecy and divination integral in the ancient world. Divination and fate belonged to the Gods, with ancient astrology not just fortune telling but projecting the divine will and workings of the circular living orderly universe with the Sun the centre of Divine intelligence. The pagan world inter-religious toleration was exchanged for Christian universalist monotheism which needed the solarisation of Christ by early Christian fathers to gain followers and permanent converts. Such was the strength of solar tradition that the Emperor Constantine remained loyal nearly unto death, and up to medieval times Christ in Europe was still known as Sol Resurrectionus.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003e'The breadth of material presented in this book is extraordinary, and Hobley’s passion for this project is apparent on every page. It raises intriguing research questions and connects with a long history of studies that have sought a connection between the sun and circular monuments…'\u003c\/i\u003e \u003cb\u003eRobert Witcher (2016): \u003ci\u003eAntiquity\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart One: The Circle as a Symbol\u003c\/b\u003e ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter One: The Nature of Symbolism ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Two: Symbolism in the Greco - Roman World ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Three: Imaging the Gods ;  \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003ePart Two: The Sun as a Universal Symbol\u003c\/b\u003e ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Four: Solar Symbols in the Middle East ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Five: Solar Symbols in Megalithic Europe ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Six: The Sun and the Celts ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Seven: Sun - symbols in Mycenae and Crete ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Eight: The Greco - Roman Sun ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Nine: The Celestial Sphere ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Ten: The Advent of Apollo ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Eleven: Circularity and Centrality in Greek Thought ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Twelve: The Celestial Axis ;  \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003ePart Three: Neolithic and Bronze Age Circular Structures\u003c\/b\u003e ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Thirteen: The Neolithic\/Bronze Age Circular World-View ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Fourteen: Stonehenge, Henges and Round Barrow  ;  \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003ePart Four: An Introduction to Greco - Roman Circular Structures\u003c\/b\u003e ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Fifteen: Round Altars, Mundus \/Offering Pits and Heröons ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Sixteen: Ancient Circular Town Planning ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Seventeen: The Tholus ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Eighteen: The Symbolic Meaning of Tholi ;  \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003ePart Five: Circularity at Rome\u003c\/b\u003e ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Nineteen: The Roman Circus ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Twenty: The Roman Theatre ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Twenty One: Circularity in the Forum Romanum ;  \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003ePart Six: Rome and the New Architecture\u003c\/b\u003e ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Twenty Two: The Dome in Roman Monumental Architecture ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Twenty Three: Arches, Vaults and Sacred Gateways ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Twenty Four: Apses and Hemicycles ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Twenty Five: Circularity in Sacred Palaces ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Twenty Six: Circularity at Roman Military Sites ;  \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003ePart Seven: Roman Celestial Iconography\u003c\/b\u003e ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Twenty Seven: The Apollonian Solar Family at Rome ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Twenty Eight: The Circle of the Zodiac ;  \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003ePart Eight: The Cosmic Master - Builders\u003c\/b\u003e ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Twenty Nine: Augustus and the Sun - god ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Thirty: Augustus’ Circular Mausoleum ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Thirty One: Apollo Palatinus and other Augustan Structures ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Thirty Two: Agrippa’s Pantheon ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Thirty Three: Hadrian’s Celestial Pantheon ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Thirty Four: Hadrian’s Circles and Squares ;  \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003ePart Nine: Circular Symbolism in Roman Life\u003c\/b\u003e ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Thirty Five: Circles of Death and the Afterlife ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Thirty Six: Solar Discs and Sacred Sun - cakes ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Thirty Seven: The Rosette ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Thirty Eight: Solar Headwear, star, zodiac \u0026amp; rosette garments ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Thirty Nine: Cosmic and Celestial Shields ;  \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003ePart Ten: The Solar World of Christianity\u003c\/b\u003e ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Forty: Pagan Monotheism and Early Christianity ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Forty One: Constantine the Great and the Triumph of Apollo ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Forty Two: The Solar Cycle and the Christian Year ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Forty Three: Circular Symbolism in Early Christian Structures ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Forty Four: The Cross ;  \u003cbr\u003e Chapter Forty Five: The Unconquered Sun ;  \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Conclusion","brand":"Archaeopress","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49535548490071,"sku":"9781784911379","price":104.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781784911379.jpg?v=1731898600","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/the-circle-of-god-an-archaeological-and-historical-search-for-the-nature-of-the-sacred-a-study-of-continuity-9781784911379","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}