{"product_id":"synthetic-natural-gas-from-coal-dry-biomass-and-powertogas-applications-9781118541814","title":"Synthetic Natural Gas from Coal Dry Biomass and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eProvides an overview of the different pathways to produce Synthetic Natural Gas Covers technological, and economic aspects of this Synthetic Natural GasDetails the most popular technologies and state-of-the-art of SNG technologies while also covering recent and future research trendsCovers the main process steps during conversion of coal and dry biomass to SNG: gasification, gas cleaning, methanation and gas upgradingDescribes a number of novel processes for the production of SNG with their specific combination of process steps as well as the boundary conditionsCovers important technical aspects of Power-to-Gas processes\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introductory Remarks 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eTilman J. Schildhauer\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Why Produce Synthetic Natural Gas? 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Overview 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Coal and Biomass Gasification for SNG Production 5\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eStefan Heyne, Martin Seemann, and Tilman J. Schildhauer\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction – Basic Requirements for Gasification in the Framework of SNG Production 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Thermodynamics of Gasification 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Gasification Reactions 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Overall Gasification Process – Equilibrium Based Considerations 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Gasification – A Multi]step Process Deviating from Equilibrium 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.4 Heat Management of the Gasification Process 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.5 Implication of Thermodynamic Considerations for Technology Choice 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Gasification Technologies 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Entrained Flow 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Fixed Bed 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Direct Fluidized Bed 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.4 Indirect Fluidized Bed Gasification 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.5 Hydrogasification and Catalytic Gasification 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Gas Cleaning 41\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eUrs Rhyner\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Impurities 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Particulate Matter 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Tars 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Sulfur Compounds 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Halide Compounds 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5 Alkali Compounds 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.6 Nitrogen Compounds 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.7 Other Impurities 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Cold, Warm and Hot Gas Cleaning 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Example of B]IGFC Gas Cleaning Process Chains 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Gas Cleaning Technologies 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Particulate Matter 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Tars 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Sulfur Compounds 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4 Hydrodesulfurization 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.5 Chlorine (Halides) 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.6 Alkali 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.7 Nitrogen]containing Compounds 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.8 Other Impurities 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Reactive Hot Gas Filter 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Methanation for Synthetic Natural Gas Production – Chemical Reaction Engineering Aspects 77\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eTilman J. Schildhauer\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Methanation – The Synthesis Step in the Production of Synthetic Natural Gas 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.1 Feed Gas Mixtures for Methanation Reactors 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2 Thermodynamic Equilibrium 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.3 Methanation Catalysts: Kinetics and Reaction Mechanisms 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.4 Catalyst Deactivation 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Methanation Reactor Types 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Adiabatic Fixed Bed Reactors 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Cooled Reactors 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Comparison of Methanation Reactor Concepts 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Modeling and Simulation of Methanation Reactors 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 How to Measure (Intrinsic) Kinetics? 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Modeling of Fixed Bed Reactors 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Modeling of Isothermal Fluidized Bed Reactors 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Conclusions and Open Research Questions 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Symbol List 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 SNG Upgrading 161\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eRenato Baciocchi, Giulia Costa, and Lidia Lombardi\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Separation Processes for SNG Upgrading 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Bulk CO2\/CH4  Separation 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Removal of other Compounds and Impurities 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Techno]Economical Comparison of Selected Separation Options 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 SNG from Wood – The GoBiGas Project 181\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eJörgen Held\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Biomethane in Sweden 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Conditions and Background for the GoBiGas Project in Gothenburg 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Technical Description 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Technical Issues and Lessons Learned 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Status 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Efficiency 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Economics 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Outlook 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 The Power to Gas Process: Storage of Renewable Energy in the Natural Gas Grid via Fixed Bed Methanation of CO2\/H2 191\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eMichael Specht, Jochen Brellochs, Volkmar Frick, Bernd Stürmer, and Ulrich Zuberbühler\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Motivation 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1 History “Renewable Fuel Paths at ZSW” 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2 Goal “Energiewende” 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.3 Goal “Power Based, Carbon Based Fuels” 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.4 Goal “P2G®” 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.5 Goal “Methanation” 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 The Power to Fuel Concept: Co]utilization of (Biogenic) Carbon and Hydrogen 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 P2G® Technology 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Methanation Characteristics for CO2  Based Syngas 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 P2G® Plant Layout of 25 kWel, 250 kWel, and 6000 kWel Plants 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Experimental Results 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Methanation Catalysts: Screening, Cycle Resistance, Contamination by Sulfur Components 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Results with the 25 kWel P2G® Plant 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3 Results with the 250 kWel P2G® Plant 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.4 Results with the 250 kWel P2G® Plant in Combination with Membrane Gas Upgrade 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 P2G® Process Efficiency 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Conclusion and Outlook 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Fluidized Bed Methanation for SNG Production – Process Development at the Paul]Scherrer Institut 221\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eTilman J. Schildhauer and Serge M.A. Biollaz\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction to Process Development 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Methane from Wood – Process Development at PSI 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 MILENA Indirect Gasification, OLGA Tar Removal, and ECN Process for Methanation 231\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eLuc P.L.M. Rabou, Bram Van der Drift, Eric H.A.J. Van Dijk, Christiaan M. Van der Meijden, and Berend J. Vreugdenhil\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Main Process Steps 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 MILENA Indirect Gasification 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 OLGA Tar Removal 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.3 HDS and Deep S Removal 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.4 Reformer 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.5 CO2 Removal 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.6 Methanation and Upgrading 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Process Efficiency and Economy 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Results and Status 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 MILENA 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 OLGA 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.3 HDS, Reformer, and Methanation 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Outlook 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1 Pressure 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.2 Co]production 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.3 Bio Carbon Capture and Storage 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.4 Power to Gas 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Hydrothermal Production of SNG from Wet Biomass 249\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eFrédéric Vogel\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Historical Development 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Physical and Chemical Bases 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 Catalysis 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Phase Behavior and Salt Separation 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3 Liquefaction of the Solid Biomass, Tar, and Coke Formation 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 PSI’s Catalytic SNG Process 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Process Description and Layout 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Mass Balance 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.3 Energy Balance 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.4 Status of Process Development at PSI 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.5 Comparison to other SNG Processes 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Open Questions and Outlook 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Agnion’s Small Scale SNG Concept 279\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eThomas Kienberger and Christian Zuber\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Integrated Desulfurization and Methanation Concepts for SNG Production 293\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eChristian F.J. König, Maarten Nachtegaal, and Tilman J. Schildhauer\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Concepts for Integrated Desulfurization and Methanation 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 Sulfur]Resistant Methanation 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Regeneration of Methanation Catalysts 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.3 Discussion of the Concepts 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Required Future Research 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Sulfur Resistant Methanation 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2 Periodic Regeneration 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 307\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49406886936919,"sku":"9781118541814","price":117.85,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781118541814.jpg?v=1730497451","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/synthetic-natural-gas-from-coal-dry-biomass-and-powertogas-applications-9781118541814","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}