{"product_id":"surfactants-and-interfacial-phenomena-9780470541944","title":"Surfactants and Interfacial Phenomena","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNow in its fourth edition, \u003ci\u003eSurfactants and Interfacial Phenomena\u003c\/i\u003e explains why and how surfactants operate in interfacial processes (such as foaming, wetting, emulsion formation and detergency), and shows the correlations between a surfactant''s chemical structure and its action.  \u003cp\u003eUpdated and revised to include more modern information, along with additional three chapters on Surfactants in Biology and Biotechnology, Nanotechnology and Surfactants, and Molecular Modeling with Surfactant Systems, this is the premier text on the properties and applications of surfactants.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis book provides an easy-to-read, user-friendly resource for industrial chemists and a text for classroom use, and is an unparalleled tool for understanding and applying the latest information on surfactants. Problems are included at the end of each chapter to enhance the reader's understanding, along with many tables of data that are not compiled elsewhere. Only the minimum mathematics is used in the e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“Written by Milton J. Rosen and Joy T. Kunjappu, two leading authorities in the field, Surfactants and Interfacial Phenomena, Fourth Edition is an unparalleled tool for understanding and applying the latest information on surfactants, and includes unique data tables and end-of-chapter problems designed to enhance the reader’s understanding.”  (\u003ci\u003eChimie Nouvelle\u003c\/i\u003e, 1 March 2013)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“The book is recommended to all who want to enter the interesting and yet further growing field of surfactants at interfaces.  It can serve as textbook for graduated students attending courses on surfactants and their applications. The book is also excellent for experts working in fundamental and applied research as they can find the main principles of the modification of interfaces via the impact of surfactants.”  (\u003ci\u003eTenside Surfactants Detergents\u003c\/i\u003e, 1 May 2012)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Characteristic Features of Surfactants 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Conditions under which Interfacial Phenomena and Surfactants Become Significant 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. General Structural Features and Behavior of Surfactants 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. General Use of Charge Types 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. General Effects of the Nature of the Hydrophobic Group 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Length of the Hydrophobic Group 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Branching, Unsaturation 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. Aromatic Nucleus 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4. Polyoxypropylene or Polyoxyethylene (POE) Units 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5. Perfluoroalkyl or Polysiloxane Group 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Environmental Effects of Surfactants 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. Surfactant Biodegradability 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. Surfactant Toxicity; Skin Irritation 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIV. Characteristic Features and Uses of Commercially Available Surfactants 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. Anionics 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Carboxylic Acid Salts 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Sulfonic Acid Salts 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. Sulfuric Acid Ester Salts 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4. Phosphoric and Polyphosphoric Acid Esters 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5. Fluorinated Anionics 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. Cationics 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Long-Chain Amines and Their Salts 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Acylated Diamines and Polyamines and Their Salts 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. Quaternary Ammonium Salts 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4. Polyoxyethylenated Long-Chain Amines 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5. Quaternized POE Long-Chain Amines 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6. Amine Oxides 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC. Nonionics 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Polyoxyethylenated Alkylphenols, Alkylphenol \"Ethoxylates\" 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Polyoxyethylenated Straight-Chain Alcohols 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. Polyoxyethylenated Polyoxypropylene Glycols 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4. Polyoxyethylenated Mercaptans 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5. Long-Chain Carboxylic Acid Esters 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6. Alkanolamine \"Condensates,\" Alkanolamides 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7. Tertiary Acetylenic Glycols and Their \"Ethoxylates\" 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8. Polyoxyethylenated Silicones 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9. N-Alkylpyrrolid(in)ones 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10. Alkylpolyglycosides 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD. Zwitterionics 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. pH-Sensitive Zwitterionics 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. pH-Insensitive Zwitterionics 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eE. Newer Surfactants Based Upon Renewable Raw Materials 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. \u003ci\u003eα\u003c\/i\u003e-Sulfofatty Acid Methyl Esters (SME) 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Acylated Aminoacids 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. Nopol Alkoxylates 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eV. Some Useful Generalizations 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVI. Electronic Searching of the Surfactant Literature 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Adsorption of Surface-Active Agents at Interfaces: The Electrical Double Layer 39\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. The Electrical Double Layer 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Adsorption at the Solid–Liquid Interface 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. Mechanisms of Adsorption and Aggregation 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. Adsorption Isotherms 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. The Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC. Adsorption from Aqueous Solution onto Adsorbents with Strongly Charged Sites 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Ionic Surfactants 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Nonionic Surfactants 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. pH Change 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4. Ionic Strength 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5. Temperature 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD. Adsorption from Aqueous Solution onto Nonpolar, Hydrophobic Adsorbents 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eE. Adsorption from Aqueous Solution onto Polar Adsorbents without Strongly Charged Sites 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eF. Effects of Adsorption from Aqueous Solution on the Surface Properties of the Solid Adsorbent 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Substrates with Strongly Charged Sites 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Nonpolar Adsorbents 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eG. Adsorption from Nonaqueous Solution 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eH. Determination of the Specific Surface Areas of Solids 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Adsorption at the Liquid–Gas (L\/G) and Liquid–Liquid (L\/L) Interfaces 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. The Gibbs Adsorption Equation 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. Calculation of Surface Concentrations and Area Per Molecule at the Interface by Use of the Gibbs Equation 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC. Effectiveness of Adsorption at the \u003ci\u003eL\/G \u003c\/i\u003eand \u003ci\u003eL\/L \u003c\/i\u003eInterfaces 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD. The Szyszkowski, Langmuir, and Frumkin Equations 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eE. Efficiency of Adsorption at the \u003ci\u003eL\/G \u003c\/i\u003eand \u003ci\u003eL\/L \u003c\/i\u003eInterfaces 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eF. Calculation of Thermodynamic Parameters of Adsorption at the \u003ci\u003eL\/G \u003c\/i\u003eand \u003ci\u003eL\/L \u003c\/i\u003eInterfaces 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eG. Adsorption from Mixtures of Two Surfactants 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Micelle Formation by Surfactants 123\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. The Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Micellar Structure and Shape 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. The Packing Parameter 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. Surfactant Structure and Micellar Shape 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC. Liquid Crystals 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD. Rheology of Surfactant Solutions 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Micellar Aggregation Numbers 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIV. Factors Affecting the Value of the CMC in Aqueous Media 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. Structure of the Surfactant 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. The Hydrophobic Group 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. The Hydrophilic Group 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. The Counterion in Ionic Surfactants; Degree of Binding to the Micelle 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4. Empirical Equations 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. Electrolyte 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC. Organic Additives 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Class I Materials 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Class II Materials 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD. The Presence of a Second Liquid Phase 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eE. Temperature 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eV. Micellization in Aqueous Solution and Adsorption at the Aqueous Solution–Air or Aqueous Solution–Hydrocarbon Interface 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. The CMC\/\u003ci\u003eC\u003c\/i\u003e\u003csub\u003e20\u003c\/sub\u003e Ratio 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVI. CMCs in Nonaqueous Media 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVII. Equations for the CMC Based on Theoretical Considerations 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVIII. Thermodynamic Parameters of Micellization 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIX. Mixed Micelle Formation in Mixtures of Two Surfactants 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Solubilization by Solutions of Surfactants: Micellar Catalysis 202\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Solubilization in Aqueous Media 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. Locus of Solubilization 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. Factors Determining the Extent of Solubilization 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Structure of the Surfactant 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Structure of the Solubilizate 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. Effect of Electrolyte 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4. Effect of Monomeric Organic Additives 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5. Effect of Polymeric Organic Additives 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6. Mixed Anionic–Nonionic Micelles 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7. Effect of Temperature 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8. Hydrotropy 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC. Rate of Solubilization 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Solubilization in Nonaqueous Solvents 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. Secondary Solubilization 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Some Effects of Solubilization 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. Effect of Solubilization on Micellar Structure 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. Change in the CPs of Aqueous Solutions of Nonionic Surfactants 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC. Reduction of the CMC 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD. Miscellaneous Effects of Solubilization 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIV. Micellar Catalysis 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Reduction of Surface and Interfacial Tension by Surfactants 235\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Efficiency in Surface Tension Reduction 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Effectiveness in Surface Tension Reduction 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. The Krafft Point 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. Interfacial Parameter and Chemical Structural Effects 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Liquid–Liquid Interfacial Tension Reduction 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. Ultralow Interfacial Tension 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIV. Dynamic Surface Tension Reduction 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. Dynamic Regions 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. Apparent Diffusion Coefficients of Surfactants 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Wetting and Its Modification by Surfactants 272\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Wetting Equilibria 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. Spreading Wetting 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. The Contact Angle 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Measurement of the Contact Angle 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. Adhesional Wetting 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC. Immersional Wetting 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD. Adsorption and Wetting 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Modification of Wetting by Surfactants 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. General Considerations 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. Hard Surface (Equilibrium) Wetting 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC. Textile (Nonequilibrium) Wetting 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD. Effect of Additives 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Synergy in Wetting by Mixtures of Surfactants 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIV. Superspreading (Superwetting) 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Foaming and Antifoaming by Aqueous Solutions of Surfactants 308\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Theories of Film Elasticity 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Factors Determining Foam Persistence 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. Drainage of Liquid in the Lamellae 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. Diffusion of Gas through the Lamellae 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC. Surface Viscosity 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD. The Existence and Thickness of the Electrical Double Layer 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. The Relation of Surfactant Chemical Structure to Foaming in Aqueous Solution 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. Efficiency as a Foaming Agent 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. Effectiveness as a Foaming Agent 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC. Low-Foaming Surfactants 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIV. Foam-Stabilizing Organic Additives 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eV. Antifoaming 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVI. Foaming of Aqueous Dispersions of Finely Divided Solids 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVII. Foaming and Antifoaming in Organic Media 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Emulsification by Surfactants 336\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Macroemulsions 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. Formation 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. Factors Determining Stability 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Physical Nature of the Interfacial Film 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Existence of an Electrical or Steric Barrier to Coalescence on the Dispersed Droplets 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. Viscosity of the Continuous Phase 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4. Size Distribution of Droplets 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5. Phase Volume Ratio 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6. Temperature 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC. Inversion 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD. Multiple Emulsions 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eE. Theories of Emulsion Type 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Qualitative Theories 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Kinetic Theory of Macroemulsion Type 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Microemulsions 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Nanoemulsions 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIV. Selection of Surfactants as Emulsifying Agents 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. The Hydrophile–Lipophile Balance (HLB) Method 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. The PIT Method 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC. The Hydrophilic Lipophilic Deviation (HLD) Method 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eV. Demulsification 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Dispersion and Aggregation of Solids in Liquid Media by Surfactants 368\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Interparticle Forces 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. Soft (Electrostatic) and van der Waals Forces: Derjaguin and Landau and Verwey and Overbeek (DLVO) Theory 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Limitations of the DLVO Theory 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. Steric Forces 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Role of the Surfactant in the Dispersion Process 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. Wetting of the Powder 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. Deaggregation of Fragmentation of Particle Clusters 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC. Prevention of Reaggregation 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Coagulation or Flocculation of Dispersed Solids by Surfactants 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. Neutralization or Reduction of the Potential at the Stern Layer of the Dispersed Particles 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. Bridging 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC. Reversible Flocculation 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIV. The Relation of Surfactant Chemical Structure to Dispersing Properties 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. Aqueous Dispersions 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. Nonaqueous Dispersions 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC. Design of New Dispersants 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Detergency and Its Modification by Surfactants 392\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Mechanisms of the Cleaning Process 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. Removal of Soil from Substrate 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Removal of Liquid Soil 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Removal of Solid Soil 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. Suspension of the Soil in the Bath and Prevention of Redeposition 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Solid Particulate Soil: Formation of Electrical and Steric Barriers; Soil Release Agents 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Liquid Oily Soil 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC. Skin Irritation (see Chapter 1, Section IIIB) 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD. Dry Cleaning 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Effect of Water Hardness 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. Builders 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. LSDAs 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Fabric Softeners 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIV. The Relation of the Chemical Structure of the Surfactant to its Detergency 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. Effect of Soil and Substrate 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Oily Soil 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Particulate Soil 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. Mixed Soil 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. Effect of the Hydrophobic Group of the Surfactant 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC. Effect of the Hydrophilic Group of the Surfactant 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD. Dry Cleaning 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eV. Biosurfactants and Enzymes in Detergent Formulations 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVI. Nanodetergents (see Chapter 14, Section IIIF) 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Molecular Interactions and Synergism in Mixtures of Two Surfactants 421\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. E valuation of Molecular Interaction Parameters 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. Notes on the Use of Equations 11.1–11.4 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Effect of Chemical Structure and Molecular Environment on Molecular Interaction Parameters 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Conditions for the Existence of Synergism 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. Synergism or Antagonism (Negative Synergism) in Surface or Interfacial Tension Reduction Efficiency 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. Synergism or Antagonism (Negative Synergism) in Mixed Micelle Formation in an Aqueous Medium 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC. Synergism or Antagonism (Negative Synergism) in Surface or Interfacial Tension Reduction Effectiveness 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD. Selection of Surfactant Pairs for Optimal Interfacial Properties 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIV. The Relation between Synergism in Fundamental Surface Properties and Synergism in Surfactant Applications 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Gemini Surfactants 458\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Fundamental Properties 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Interaction with Other Surfactants 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Performance Properties 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Surfactants in Biology 471\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Biosurfactants and Their Application Areas 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Cell Membranes 480\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Surfactants in Cell Lysis 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIV. Protein Denaturing and Electrophoresis with Surfactants 491\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eV. Pulmonary Surfactants 491\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVI. Surfactants in Biotechnology 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. Mineral Engineering 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. Fermentation 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC. Enzymatic Deinking 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD. EOR and Oil Bioremediation 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eE. Enzyme Activity in Surfactant Media 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eF. Carbon Dioxide “Fixing” in Bioreactors 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eG. Soil Remediation 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eH. Effluent Purification 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Surfactants in Horticulture 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eJ. Vesicle Manipulation 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eK. Genetic Engineering and Gene Therapy 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 498\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Surfactants in Nanotechnology 502\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Special Effects of the Nanostate 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Role of Surfactants in the Preparation of Nanostructures 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. Bottom-Up Methods 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Surfactant Self-Assembly 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Synthetic Processes 508\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. Top-Down Methods 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Surfactants in Nanotechnology Applications 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. Nanomotors 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. Other Nanodevices 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC. Drug Delivery 522\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD. Nanostructural Architectural Control of Materials 522\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eE. Nanotubes 525\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eF. Nanodetergents 525\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eG. Surfactant Nanoassemblies in the Origin of Life 526\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 528\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 529\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Surfactants and Molecular Modeling 531\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Molecular Mechanics Methods 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. Parametrization from Experiments 534\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. Classes of FF Methods 534\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Quantum Mechanical Methods 534\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. Application to the Electronic Problem 536\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. The Hartree Product (HP) Description 537\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC. Minimal and Larger Basis Sets 538\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD. Electron Correlation Method 539\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eE. Density Functional Theory (DFT) 540\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Energy Minimization Procedure 540\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIV. Computer Simulation Methods 541\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eV. Surfactant Systems 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVI. Five Selected Systems 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. Aggregation in a Liquid (i) 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. Aggregation in a Liquid (ii) 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC. Liquid–liquid and Liquid–Gas Interface 545\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD. Solid–Liquid Interface 547\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eE. Solid–Liquid Interface and Aggregation in a Liquid 549\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVII. Summary of Representative Modeling Studies 550\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral References 568\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 568\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to Selected Problems 569\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 576\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49402360758615,"sku":"9780470541944","price":112.46,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780470541944.jpg?v=1730480170","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/surfactants-and-interfacial-phenomena-9780470541944","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}