{"product_id":"superatoms-9781119619529","title":"Superatoms","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eExplore the theory and applications of superatomic clusters and cluster assembled materials\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eSuperatoms: Principles, Synthesis and Applications\u003c\/i\u003e delivers an insightful and exciting exploration of an emerging subfield in cluster science, superatomic clusters and cluster assembled materials. The book presents discussions of the fundamentals of superatom chemistry and their application in catalysis, energy, materials science, and biomedical sciences.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReaders will discover the foundational significance of superatoms in science and technology and learn how they can serve as the building blocks of tailored materials, promising to usher in a new era in materials science. The book covers topics as varied as the thermal and thermoelectric properties of cluster-based materials and clusters for CO2 activation and conversion, before concluding with an incisive discussion of trends and directions likely to dominate the subject of superatoms in the coming years.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eR\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePuru Jena and Qiang Sun\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Rational Design of Superatoms Using Electron-Counting Rules \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e15\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePuru Jena, Hong Fang, and Qiang Sun\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Electron-Counting Rules 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Jellium Rule 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Octet Rule 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2.1 Superalkalis and Superhalogens 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2.2 Superchalcogens 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 18-Electron Rule 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.4 32-Electron Rule 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.5 Aromaticity Rule 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.6 Wade-Mingos Rule 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Stabilizing Negative Ions Using Multiple Electron-Counting Rules 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Monoanions 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Dianions 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Trianions 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.4 Tetra-Anions and Beyond 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Conclusions 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Superhalogens – Enormously Strong Electron Acceptors \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e53\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePiotr Skurski\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Superhalogen Concept 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.1 Early Studies 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.2 Further Research (until 1999) 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.3 First Measurement of Gas-Phase Experimental Electron Detachment Energies 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.4 The Performance of Theoretical Treatments in Estimating VDEs 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Alternative Superhalogens 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Nonmetal Central Atoms 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Nonhalogen Ligands 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Beyond the MX\u003csub\u003ek+1\u003c\/sub\u003e Formula 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Superhalogens as Ligands 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Polynuclear Systems and the Search for EA and VDE Limits 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Polynuclear Superhalogens 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Search for EA and VDE Limits 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 Magnetic Superhalogens 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Superhalogens’ Applications at a Glance 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Final Remarks 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Endohedrally Doped Superatoms and Assemblies \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e85\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eVijay Kumar\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Magic Clusters and Their Electronic Stability 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Discovery of Silicon Fullerenes and Other Polyhedral Forms 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Endohedral Superatoms of Ge, Sn, and Pb 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Magnetic Superatoms 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Endohedral Clusters of Group 11 Elements 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Endohedral Clusters of B, Al, and Ga 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Hydrogenated Silicon Fullerenes 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Compound Superatoms and Other Systems 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 Assemblies of Superatoms 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11 Concluding Remarks 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Magnetic Superatoms \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e129\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eNicola Gaston\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 The Arrival of the Magnetic Superatom 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Tunable Superatoms 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 The Delocalisation of d-electrons 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Prospects for Nanostructured Magnetic Material Design 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Atomically Precise Synthesis of Chemically Modified Superatoms \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e141\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eShinjiro Takano and Tatsuya Tsukuda\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1 The Concept of Superatoms 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.2 Chemically Modified Au\/Ag Superatoms 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Electronic Structures of Chemically Modified Superatoms 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Size Effects 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Composition Effects 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Shape Effects 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Atomically Precise Synthesis of Chemically Modified Superatoms 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Size Control 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1.1 Top-down Approach: Size Focusing 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1.2 Bottom-up Approach: Size Convergence 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1.3 Template Method 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1.4 Kinetic Control 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Composition Control 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2.1 Co-reduction Method 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2.2 Antigalvanic Method 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2.3 Hydride-Mediated Transformation 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Shape Control 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.4 Surface Control 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.4.1 Ligand Exchange 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.4.2 Hydrogen-Mediated Transformation 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Summary 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Atomically Precise Noble Metals in the Nanoscale, Stabilized by Ligands \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e183\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eHannu Häkkinen\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Fundamentals 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Free Electron Model and the Kubo Gap 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Electron Shell Structure 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Ligand-Stabilized Metal Clusters as Superatoms 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3.1 Case Study: The (Ag\u003csub\u003e44\u003c\/sub\u003e(SR)\u003csub\u003e30\u003c\/sub\u003e)\u003csup\u003e4−\u003c\/sup\u003e Superatom 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.4 Transition from Electronic to Atomic Shells 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Applications 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Catalysis 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Biological and Medical Applications 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2.1 Case Study: Imaging of Enteroviruses 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 Self-Assembling Cluster Materials from Superatoms 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3.1 Case Study: Polymeric 1D Cluster Materials 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Summary and Outlook 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Superatoms as Building Blocks of 2D Materials \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e209\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eZhifeng Liu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Fullerene-Assembled 2D Materials 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 C\u003csub\u003e60\u003c\/sub\u003e-assembled Monolayer 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1.1 Freestanding vdWC\u003csub\u003e60\u003c\/sub\u003e Monolayer 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1.2 Freestanding Covalent Polymerized C\u003csub\u003e60\u003c\/sub\u003e Monolayer 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 C\u003csub\u003en\u003c\/sub\u003e (n = 20, 26, 32, 36)-assembled Monolayers 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Fullerene Monolayers on Substrates 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Si-Based Cluster Assembled 2D Materials 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 V@Si\u003csub\u003e12\u003c\/sub\u003e Assembled 2D Monolayer 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1.1 Structure and Stability 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1.2 Electronic and Ferromagnetic Properties 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Other TM@Si\u003csub\u003e12\u003c\/sub\u003e Assembled 2D Monolayers 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 Ta@Si\u003csub\u003e16\u003c\/sub\u003e Assembled 2D Monolayer and That on Substrate 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Binary Semiconductor Cluster Assembled 2D Materials 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Cd\u003csub\u003e6\u003c\/sub\u003eSe\u003csub\u003e6\u003c\/sub\u003e Assembled Sheets 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 X\u003csub\u003e12\u003c\/sub\u003eY\u003csub\u003e12\u003c\/sub\u003e Cage Cluster Assembled Monolayer 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Simple and Noble Metal Cluster-assembled 2D Materials 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1 Mg\u003csub\u003e7\u003c\/sub\u003e Assembled Monolayer 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2 Au\u003csub\u003e9\u003c\/sub\u003e and Pt\u003csub\u003e9\u003c\/sub\u003e Assembled Square Monolayer 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Zintl-ion Cluster-assembled 2D Materials 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.1 Ge\u003csub\u003e9\u003c\/sub\u003e Ion Cluster Monolayer 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.2 Ti@Au\u003csub\u003e12\u003c\/sub\u003e Ion Cluster Monolayer 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Chevrel Cluster-Assembled 2D Materials 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.1 Re\u003csub\u003e6\u003c\/sub\u003eSe\u003csub\u003e8\u003c\/sub\u003e Cluster-based Monolayer 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.2 Co\u003csub\u003e6\u003c\/sub\u003eSe\u003csub\u003e8\u003c\/sub\u003e Cluster-based Monolayer 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Summary and Future Perspectives 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Superatom-Based Ferroelectrics \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e257\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMenghao Wu and Puru Jena\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Organic Ferroelectrics 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskites 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Supersalts 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Conclusion 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Cluster-based Materials for Energy Harvesting and Storage \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e277\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePuru Jena, Hong Fang, and Qiang Sun\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Cluster-Based Materials for Moisture-resistant Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Cluster-Based Materials for Optoelectronic Devices 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Cluster-Based Materials for Solid-state Electrolytes in Li-and Na-ion Batteries 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Halogen-free Electrolytes 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Cluster-based Antiperovskites for Electrolytes in Li-ion Batteries 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.3 Cluster-based Antiperovskites for Electrolytes in Na-ion Batteries 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Cluster-Based Materials for Hydrogen Storage 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.1 Hydrogen Interaction Mechanism 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.2 Intermediate States 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.3 Catalysts for Lowering the Dehydrogenation Temperature 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Clusters Promoting Unusual Reactions 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.1 Zn in +III Oxidation State 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.2 Covalent Binding of Noble Gas Atoms 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Conclusions 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Thermal and Thermoelectric Properties of Cluster-based Materials \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e317\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eTingwei Li, Qiang Sun, and Puru Jena\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Basic Theory 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Thermoelectric Effect 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Material Performance 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3 Tuning ZT by Carrier Concentration 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.4 Tuning ZT by Electronic Structure 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.4.1 Carrier Effective Mass, \u003ci\u003em\u003c\/i\u003e* 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.4.2 Carrier Mobility 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Low Lattice Thermal Conductivity of Cluster-based Materials 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Crystal Complexity of Cluster-based Materials 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 Chemical Bond Hierarchy in Cluster-based Materials 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3 Structural Disorder in Cluster-based Materials 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.4 Orientational Disorder in Cluster-based Materials 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.4.1 Co\u003csub\u003e6\u003c\/sub\u003eE\u003csub\u003e8\u003c\/sub\u003e(PEt\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e6\u003c\/sub\u003e and [Co\u003csub\u003e6\u003c\/sub\u003eE\u003csub\u003e8\u003c\/sub\u003e(PEt\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e6\u003c\/sub\u003e][C\u003csub\u003e60\u003c\/sub\u003e]\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.4.2 Fullerene Assembled Films 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Thermoelectric Properties of some Selected Cluster-based Materials 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 Mo\u003csub\u003e6\u003c\/sub\u003e and Mo\u003csub\u003e9\u003c\/sub\u003e Cluster-based Selenides 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1.1 Crystal Structures 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1.2 Electronic Structures 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1.3 Thermal Properties 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1.4 Thermoelectric Figure of Merit ZT 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2 Boron-based Cluster Materials 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2.1 Crystal Structures 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2.2 Thermoelectric Properties 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.3 Silver-based Cluster Materials 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Conclusion 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Clusters for CO2 Activation and Conversion \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e349\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eHaoming Shen, Qiang Sun, and Puru Jena\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Superalkali Catalysts 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 Li-based Superalkalis for CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e Activation 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Supported or Embedded Superalkalis for CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e Capture 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Al-Based Clusters for CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e Capture 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Ligand-Protected Au\u003csub\u003e25\u003c\/sub\u003e Clusters for CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e Conversion 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 M@Ag\u003csub\u003e24\u003c\/sub\u003e Clusters for CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e Conversion 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Cu-Based Clusters for CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e Conversion 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Metal Encapsulated Silicon Nanocages for CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e Conversion 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 Summary and Perspectives 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Conclusions and Future Outlook \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e375\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePuru Jena and Qiang Sun\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 379\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default 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