{"product_id":"sugarcanebased-biofuels-and-bioproducts-9781118719916","title":"SugarcaneBased Biofuels and Bioproducts","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSugarcane has garnered much interest for its potential as a viable renewable energy crop. While the use of sugar juice for ethanol production has been in practice for years, a new focus on using the fibrous co-product known as bagasse for producing renewable fuels and bio-based chemicals is growing in interest.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface, xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of contributors, xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I Sugarcane for biofuels and bioproducts\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 The sugarcane industry, biofuel, and bioproduct perspectives, 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eIan M. O’Hara\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Sugarcane – a global bioindustrial crop, 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 The global sugarcane industry, 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Sugarcane, 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Sugarcane harvesting and transport, 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 The raw sugar production process, 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.4 The refined sugar production process, 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.5 The sugar market, 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Why biofuels and bioproducts?, 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 The search for new revenue, 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Sugar, ethanol, and cogeneration, 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3 Fiber-based biofuels and bioproducts, 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.4 Climate change and renewable products, 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.5 New industries for sustainable regional communities, 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Sugarcane biorefinery perspectives, 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 The sugarcane biorefinery, 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 The sustainability imperative, 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.3 Future developments in biotechnology for sugarcane biorefineries, 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Concluding remarks, 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Sugarcane biotechnology: tapping unlimited potential, 23\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eSudipta S. Das Bhowmik, Anthony K. Brinin, Brett Williams and Sagadevan G. Mundree\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction, 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 History of sugarcane, sugarcane genetics, wild varieties, 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Uses of sugarcane, 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Food and beverages, 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Biofuels and bioenergy, 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Fibers and textiles, 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.4 Value-added products, 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Sugarcane biotechnology, 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Limitations of sugarcane biotechnology, 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Improvement of sugarcane – breeding versus genetic modification through biotechnology, 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Genetic modification of sugarcane, 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Paucity of high-quality promoters, 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Opportunities for GM-improved sugarcane, 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Improved stress tolerance and disease resistance, 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.1 Stress tolerance, 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.2 Drought, 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.3 Salinity, 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10 Naturally resilient plants as a novel genetic source for stress tolerance, 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11 Disease resistance, 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12 Industrial application of sugarcane, 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.13 How will climate change and expanded growing-region affect vulnerability to pathogens?, 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.14 Conclusion and perspectives, 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II Biofuels and bioproducts\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Fermentation of sugarcane juice and molasses for ethanol production, 55\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eCecília Laluce, Guilherme R. Leite, Bruna Z. Zavitoski, Thamires T. Zamai\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eand Ricardo Ventura\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction, 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Natural microbial ecology, 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Saccharomyces yeasts, 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Wild yeasts, 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Bacterial contaminants, 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Yeast identification, 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Identification of genetic and physiological phenotypes, 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Molecular identification methods, 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Cell surface and cell–cell interactions, 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Dissolved air flotation, 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Flocculation, 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Biofilms, 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Sugarcane juice and bagasse, 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 Harvesting of the sugarcane, 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 Reception and cleaning of sugarcane, 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.3 Juice extraction, 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.4 Juice clarification, 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.5 Juice concentration, 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.6 Quality of clarified juice, 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Fermentation of juice and molasses, 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1 Starters yeasts, 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2 Raw materials used in fermentation, 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.3 The fermentation, 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Cogeneration of energy from bagasse, 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Bioreactors and processes, 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.1 Batch fermentation, 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.2 Fed-batch fermentation, 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.3 Multistage Stage Continuous Fermentation (MSCF) system, 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9 Control of microbial infections, 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10 Monitoring and controlling processes, 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11 Concluding remarks and perspective, 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments, 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Production of fermentable sugars from sugarcane bagasse, 87\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eZhanying Zhang, Mark D. Harrison and Ian M. O’Hara\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction, 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Bioethanol from bagasse, 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Overview of pretreatment technologies, 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Pretreatment of bagasse, 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Dilute acid pretreatment, 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Alkaline pretreatment, 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3 Liquid hot water pretreatment, 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.4 Organosolv pretreatment, 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.5 Ionic liquid pretreatment, 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.6 SO2- and CO2-associated pretreatments, 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Enzymatic hydrolysis, 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Fermentation, 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Conclusions and future perspectives, 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Chemicals manufacture from fermentation of sugarcane products, 111\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eKaren T. Robins and Robert E. Speight\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction, 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 The suitability of sugarcane-derived feedstocks in industrial fermentation processes, 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Competing current applications of sugarcane products, 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Use of sugarcane products in fermentations, 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Metabolism and industrial host strains, 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Metabolism of sucrose, 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Metabolism of lignocellulose-derived sugars, 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Optimization of strains and metabolism, 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Bioprocess considerations, 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Sugarcane-derived chemical products, 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Summary, 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Mathematical modeling of xylose production from hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse, 137\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eAva Greenwood, Troy Farrell and Ian M. O’Hara\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction, 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Mathematical models of hemicellulose acid pretreatment, 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Kinetic models of hemicellulose acid hydrolysis, 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 The Saeman kinetic model, 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 The biphasic model, 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4 The polymer degradation equation, 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.5 Other mathematical considerations and models of hemicellulose acid hydrolysis, 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 A mathematical model of sugarcane bagasse dilute-acid hydrolysis, 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Sensitivity analysis, 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Experimental solids loadings and fitting the hard-to-hydrolyze parameter, 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Hemicellulose chain length characteristics and the parameter fitting of ka and kb, 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Conclusions, 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Hydrothermal liquefaction of lignin, 165\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eKameron G. Dunn and Philip A. Hobson\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction, 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 A review of lignin alkaline hydrolysis research, 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Hydrolysis in subcritical and supercritical water without an alkali base, 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Solvolysis with hydrogen donor solvent formic acid, 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Reported depolymerization pathways of lignin and lignin model compounds, 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 The solid residue product, 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Summary – strategies to increase yields of monophenols, 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.1 Reaction temperature, 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2 Reaction pressure, 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.3 Reaction time, 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.4 Lignin loading, 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.5 Alkali molarity, 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.6 Monomer separation, 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.7 Lignin structure, 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Conversion of sugarcane carbohydrates into platform chemicals, 207\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eDarryn W. Rackemann, Zhanying Zhang and William O.S. Doherty\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction, 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.1 Bagasse, 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.2 Biorefining, 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Platform chemicals, 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Furans, 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Furfural, 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 HMF, 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Organic acids, 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Levulinic acid, 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Formic acid, 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Value of potential hydrolysis products, 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Current technology for manufacture of furans and levulinic acid, 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Technology improvements, 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Catalysts, 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.1 Homogeneous catalysts, 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.2 Heterogeneous catalysts, 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.3 Levulinic acid, 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Solvolysis, 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9 Other product chemicals, 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9.1 Esters, 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9.2 Ketals, 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9.3 Chloromethylfurfural, 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9.4 GVL, 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.10 Concluding remarks, 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Cogeneration of sugarcane bagasse for renewable energy production, 237\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eAnthony P. Mann\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction, 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Background, 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Sugar factory processes without large-scale cogeneration, 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Sugar factory processes with large-scale cogeneration, 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Reducing LP steam heating requirements, 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Reducing boiler station losses, 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.3 Increasing power generation efficiency, 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.4 A sugar factory cogeneration steam cycle, 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Conclusions, 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Pulp and paper production from sugarcane bagasse, 259\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eThomas J. Rainey and Geoff Covey\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Background, 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 History of bagasse in the pulp and paper industry, 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Depithing, 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 The need for depithing, 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Depithing operation, 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3 Character of pith, depithed bagasse, and whole bagasse, 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.4 Combustion of pith, 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Storage of bagasse for papermaking, 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Chemical pulping and bleaching of bagasse, 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.1 Digestion, 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.2 Black liquor, 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.3 Bleaching, 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Mechanical and chemi-mechanical pulping, 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Papermaking, 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.1 Fiber morphology, 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.2 Suitability of bagasse for various paper grades, 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.3 Physical properties, 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.4 Effect of pith on paper production, 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Alternate uses of bagasse pulp, 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Sugarcane-derived animal feed, 281\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eMark D. Harrison\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction, 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.1 The anatomy of the sugarcane plant, 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.2 Sugarcane production, processing, and sugar refining, 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.3 Scope of the chapter, 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Crop residues and processing products, 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Whole sugarcane, 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Tops and trash, 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3 Bagasse, 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.4 Molasses, 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.5 Sugarcane juice, 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Processing sugarcane residues to enhance their value in animal feed, 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Ensilage\/microbial conditioning, 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 Chemical conditioning, 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3 Physical processing (baling, pelletization, depithing), 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.4 Pretreatment, 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Conclusions, 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart III Systems and sustainability\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Integrated first- and second-generation processes for bioethanol production from sugarcane, 313\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eMarina O. de Souza Dias, Otávio Cavalett, Rubens M. Filho and Antonio Bonomi\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction, 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Process descriptions, 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 First-generation ethanol production, 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Second-generation ethanol production, 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.3 Cogeneration in integrated first- and second-generation ethanol production from sugarcane, 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.4 Some aspects of the process integration, 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Economic aspects of first- and second-generation ethanol production, 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Environmental aspects of first- and second-generation ethanol production, 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Final remarks, 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Greenhouse gas abatement from sugarcane bioenergy, biofuels, and biomaterials, 333\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eMarguerite A. Renouf\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction, 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Life cycle assessment (LCA) of sugarcane systems, 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.1 Overview of LCA and carbon footprinting, 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.2 Past LCA and carbon footprint studies of sugarcane bioproducts, 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Greenhouse gas\/carbon footprint profile of sugarcane bioproducts, 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1 Land use change, 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.2 Sugarcane production, 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.3 Sugarcane biorefining, 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.4 Downstream phases, 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Greenhouse gas (GHG) abatement from sugarcane products, 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1 Comparing sugarcane products with fossil fuel products, 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2 Influence of land-use change, 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.3 Comparing sugarcane with other biomass feedstock, 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.4 Attributes for GHG abatement, 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Environmental trade-offs, 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.1 Land use and associated environmental services, 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.2 Water use, 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.3 Water quality, 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.4 Phosphorus depletion, 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.5 Balancing the GHG abatement benefits with the environmental trade-offs, 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Production pathways that optimize GHG abatement, 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.1 Production basis (dedicated vs. coproduction), 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.2 Product outputs, 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.3 Land used, 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Opportunities for further optimizing GHG abatement, 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.1 Ecoefficient sugarcane growing, 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.2 Utilization of harvest residues, 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.3 New sugarcane varieties, 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8 Summary, 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Environmental sustainability assessment of sugarcane bioenergy, 363\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eShabbir H. Gheewala, Sébastien Bonnet and Thapat Silalertruksa\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Bioenergy and the sustainability challenge, 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Prospect of sugarcane bioenergy, 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Environmental sustainability assessment tools, 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Environmental sustainability assessment of sugarcane bioenergy: Case of Thailand, 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.1 Background and policy context, 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.2 Sugarcane farming and production system, 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.3 Sugarcane farming and harvesting, 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.4 Sugarcane milling, 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.5 Ethanol conversion, 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.6 Transport, 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Net energy balance and net energy ratio, 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Life cycle environmental impacts, 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 Key environmental considerations for promoting sugarcane bioenergy, 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex, 379\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley and Sons Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49406910923095,"sku":"9781118719916","price":156.56,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/sugarcanebased-biofuels-and-bioproducts-9781118719916","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}