{"product_id":"structures-of-language-notes-towards-a-systematic-investigation-9798888900147","title":"Structures of Language: Notes Towards a","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis annotated commentary delineating Michel Pêcheux's materialist discourse theory anticipates the formation of a real social science to supersede the metaphysical meanings 'always-already-there' instituted by empirical ideology. Structures of Language presents Pêcheux's consequential work in respect to Ferdinand de Saussure's epistemological breakthrough that founded the science of linguistics: the theoretical separation of sound from meaning.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNoam Chomsky's generative grammar, John Searle\"s philosophy of language, B.F. Skinner's indwelling agents, J.L. Austin's speech situations, Jacques Lacan's symbolic order, and the influential theories of other linguistic researchers, are cited to explain imaginary semantic systems. The broader implications for structural metaphysics in language use are tacitly conveyed.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIntroduction\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1 Michel Pêcheux (1938–1983)\u003cbr\u003eSemantic scientificity – linguistic phenomena – domain of linguistics – sentence formation – epistemological obstacles – everyday language – ideological phenomena – realization of the real – self-evident meaning – social science – non-subjective theory of subjectivity – semantic self-evidence – syntactic recognition – philosophical hermeneutics – scientific practice – co-reference\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e2 Ferdinand de Saussure (1857–1913)\u003cbr\u003eTheoretical ideologies – Saussure’s rupture – speech sounds – linguistic co-ordination – social psychology – language and speech – ideological mis\/recognition – institutional discourse – discourse analysis – contextual cues – base\/superstructure – value and meaning – acceptability – imaginary associations – Althusserian principles – scientific history – analogy\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3 Noam Chomsky (1928–)\u003cbr\u003eProblem of meaning – linguistic idealism – generative grammar – competence and performance – sentential transformations – universal grammar – Port-Royal logic – propaganda model of meaning – linguistic value – pre-Saussurian ideology – state discourse – Saussurian double structure – transcoding – formatives – state apparatus – dogma of meaning\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4 John Searle (1932–)\u003cbr\u003ePhilosophy of language – spontaneous ideology – reading codes – contextual rules – ideology of context – illocutionary acts – context-utterance relation – expressibility – brute\/institutional facts – intentionality – social reality – performative utterances – the Background – speaker position – structural elements – social commitment – tied information.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e5 B.F. Skinner (1904–1990)\u003cbr\u003e S-O-R model – illusion of spontaneous subjectivity – indwelling agents – Munchausen effect – introspection – verbal behavior – operant conditioning – discursive contingencies – colloquial communication – verbal faculty – social control – forms of reinforcement – inner man – technology of behavior – autonomous subjection – subject of speech\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e6 J.L. Austin (1911–1960)\u003cbr\u003e Subjective self-evidence – predictable speech – speech situations – conventional mis\/recognition – verbal contexts – performative assumptions – meaningless speech – ideologies of agency – responsible subject – plea for excuses – imaginary associations – ideology of ordinary language – institutionalized speech acts – rituals of performativity – performative success – ideological speech activity\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e7 Jacques Lacan (1901–1981)\u003cbr\u003eMental automatism – repetition automatism – letter of meaning – automatic ideation – discursive automatism – subject of enunciation – site of speech – ideological automaticity – symbolic order – derealization – transference – structures of identification – psychogenic interpretations – the echo – ideo-verbal subjection – symbolic agencies\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e8 Roland Barthes (1915–1980)\u003cbr\u003ePre-Saussurian regression – mythical systems – discursive discrepancies – mythemes – meaning and myth – muthos – novel mythology – accepted stories – politics and myth – noble lie – rhetoric – mythological beliefs – personal agency – mythological freedom – rhetoric of freedom – myths of subjectivity – rhetorical practice – meaningful narratives\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9 Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889–1951)\u003cbr\u003ePhilosophy as ideology – meaningless nonsense – propositional logic – Saussurian principles – useless signs – ideological practice – everyday language – non-subjective theory of language – mechanical protocols – misunderstood meaning – unconscious subjection – meaning as use – socially accepted signs – ideological problems – language games – linguistic behavior\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e10 Zellig Harris (1909–1992)\u003cbr\u003e  Non-subjective theory of language – meaning as frequency – institutional ideologies – ideology of meaning – distribution – recurring sequences – normative social conditions – architecture of meaning – social sub-systems – distributed meaning effects – forms of language – ideological basis of ordinary language – language and situation\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e11 Roman Jakobson (1909–1992)\u003cbr\u003e  Meaningful ideology – sound and meaning – phonemes – semantic effects – code recognition – double structure – Saussure’s break – shifters – subject positions – imaginary representation – discourse structure – subject as shifter – preconstructed social relations – self-subjection – ordinary language – literal subjection – literary discourses\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12 Jacques Derrida (1930–2004)\u003cbr\u003e  Semantic deconstruction – Saussurian break – illusory forms of control – metaphysics of meaning – ideology and belief – ideological superstructure – phonocentric discourse – subjective interiority – textual transparency – meaning and soliloquy – symbolic linearity – psychographism – repression – ideological structure of subjectivity – logic of the supplement\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e13 Mikhail Bakhtin (1895–1975)\u003cbr\u003e  Author function – individualistic subjectivism – normative inculcation – transverse discourse – semantic and metonymic dominance – identificatory obviousness – official\/unofficial ideology – illusion of subjectivity – social psychology – hierarchies of discourse – addressivity and answerability – relative autonomy of meaning – social science as ideology\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e14 Jürgen Habermas (1929–)\u003cbr\u003e  Universal pragmatics – observation and understanding – critical theory of subjection – background consensus – normative structures – subject positions – spirit of capitalism – socially situated speech – legitimate rule – ideological subjection – non-coercive coercion – liberal state – state apparatus – legitimation problem – psychoanalysis and self-reflection – unconscious ideology – consensus and meaning\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e15 Émile Benveniste (1902–1976)\u003cbr\u003e Self-generating subjectivity – materialist theory of discourse – symbolic interaction – linguistic immediacy – ideological conditions of enunciation – individual agency – psychological subjectivity – structures of verbal interaction – non-subjective theory of language – epistemological rupture – social domination – state authority – symbolic control – institutional materiality – subjectivity and speech\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e16 Michel Foucault (1926–1984)\u003cbr\u003e Discourse analysis – non-subjective theory of subjectivity – discursive formations – language and ideology – linguistic base – disciplines – archaeology of knowledge – modern soul – objective conditions of discursive practice – institutional materiality – accepted forms of subjection – ideology of freedom – writing systems – epistemic panopticon – disciplinary norms – Munchausen effect\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eConclusion\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndex\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Haymarket Books","offers":[{"title":"Default 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