{"product_id":"stepbystep-design-of-largescale-photovoltaic-power-plants-9781119736561","title":"StepbyStep Design of LargeScale Photovoltaic","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eHow to design a solar power plant, from start to finish\u003c\/b\u003e  \u003cp\u003eIn \u003ci\u003eStep-by-Step Design of Large-Scale Photovoltaic Power Plants,\u003c\/i\u003e a team of distinguished engineers delivers a comprehensive reference on PV power plantsand their designfor specialists, experts, and academics. Written in three parts, the book covers the detailed theoretical knowledge required to properly design a PV power plant. It goes on to explore the step-by-step requirements for creating a real-world PV power plant, including parts and components design, mathematical formulations and calculations, analyses, evaluations, and planning.  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe book concludes with a discussion of a sample solar plant design, as well as tips on how to avoid common design mistakes, and how to handle the operation and maintenance of PV power plants.  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eStep-by-Step Design of Large-Scale Photovoltaic Power Plants\u003c\/i\u003e also includes: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eThorough introductions to the basic requirements of design, economic analyses, and invest\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePREFACE                                                                                                                                                                        \u003cbr\u003eACKNOWLEDGMENTS                                                                                                                                  \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eACRONYMS                                                                                                                                                               \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSYMBOLS                                                                         \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Solar Energy 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Diverse Solar Energy Applications 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Solar Thermal Power Plant 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 PV Thermal Hybrid Power Plants 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 PV Power Plant 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Global PV Power Plants 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Perspective of PV Power Plants 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 A Review on the Design of Large-Scale PV Power Plant 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Outline of the Book 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Design Requirements 19\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Overview 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Development Phases 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Concept Development and Site Identification 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Prefeasibility Study 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Feasibility Study 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.4 Permitting, Financing and Contracts 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.5 Detailed Design and Engineering 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.6 Construction 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.7 Commercial Operation 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Project Predesign 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Project Detailed Design 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 The Main Components Required for Realizing an LS-PVPP 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 PV Panels (PV Module) 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 Solar Inverter 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.3 Photovoltaic Mounting Systems (Solar Module Racking) 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.4 DC Cable 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.5 DC Combiner Box 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.6 DC Protection System 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.7 AC Combiner Box 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.8 Low-Voltage Switchgear 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.9 Transformers 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.10 Medium-Voltage Switchgear 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.11 LV and MV AC Cables 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.12 AC Protection Devices 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 An Overview of PV Technologies 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1 Background on Solar Cell 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.2 Types and Classifications 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Solar Inverter Topologies Overview 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.1 Central Inverter 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.2 String Inverter 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.3 Multi-string Inverter29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.4 Micro-Inverter 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Solar Panel Mounting 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Solar Panel Tilt 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10 Solar Tracking System 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.1 One-Axis Tracker 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.1.1 North–South Horizontal-Axis Tracking 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.1.2 Polar Tracking 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.1.3 East–West Horizontal-Axis Tracking 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.1.4 Azimuthal-Axis Tracking 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.2 Two-Axis Tracker 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.3 Driving Motor 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.4 Solar Tracker Control 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Feasibility Studies 35\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Preliminary Feasibility Studies 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Technical Feasibility Study 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Site Selection 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1.1 Amount of Sunlight 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1.2 Land Area and Geometry 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1.3 Climate Conditions 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1.4 Site Access to Power Grid 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1.5 Site Road Access 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1.6 Site Topography 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1.7 Land Geotechnics and Seismicity 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1.8 Drainage, Seasonal Flooding 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1.9 Land Use and Legal Permits 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1.10 Air Pollution and Suspended Solid Particles 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1.11 Geopolitical Risk 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1.12 Financial Incentives 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Annual Electricity Production 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 Equipment Technical Specifications 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4 Execution and Construction Processes 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.5 Site Plan 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Environmental Feasibility 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Social Feasibility 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Economic Feasibility 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1 Financial Model Inputs 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2 Financial Model Results 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.3 Financial and Economic Indicators 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.4 Financial Indicators 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.4.1 Net Present Value 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.4.2 Internal Rate of Return 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.4.3 Investment Return Period 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.4.4 Break Even Point 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Timing Feasibility 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Summary 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Grid Connection Studies 53\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Introducing Topics of Grid Connection Studies 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Load Flow Studies 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Contingency (N-1) 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Three-phase and Single-phase Short Circuit Studies 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4 Grounding System Studies 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.5 Network Protection Studies 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.6 Power Quality Studies 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.7 Stability Studies 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Modeling of Grid and PV Power Plants 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Background Information Required for Modeling 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Simulation of PV Plant and Network 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Load Flow Studies Before and After PV Plant Connection 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Contingency (N-1) Studies Before and After PV Plant Connection 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.5 Three-phase Short Circuit Studies 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.6 Power Quality Studies 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.7 Sustainability Studies 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.8 Investigating Additional Parameters for Grid Connection Studies 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Summary 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Solar Resource and Irradiance 79\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Radiometric Terms 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Extraterrestrial Irradiance 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Solar Geometry 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Solar Radiation and Earth’s Atmosphere 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Solar Resources 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Satellite Solar Data 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Radiation Measurement 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Solar Energy Radiation on Panels 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Solar Azimuth and Altitude Angle 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Tilt Angle and Orientation 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Shadow Distances and Row Spacing 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.1 Sun Path 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.2 Shadow Calculations for Fixed PV Systems 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.3 Shadow Calculations for Single-Axis Tracking PV Systems) Horizontal E–W Tracking Axis) 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Large-Scale PV Plant Design Overview 101                                                                                                       \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Classification of LSPVPP Engineering Documents 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Part 1: Feasibility Study 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Part 2: Basic Design 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Part 3: Detailed Design and Shop Drawing 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4 Part 4: As-Built and Final Documentation 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Roadmap Proposal for LSPVPP Design 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Project Definition 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Collecting General Information 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Collecting Information By Site Visit 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.4 Limitations and Obstacles Identification 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.5 PV Module and Inverter Selection111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.6 String Size Calculations 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.7 Solar PV Mounting Structure Selection 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.8 Tilt Angle Calculation 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.9 Calculations of Far and Near Shading 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.10 Optimization Process 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.11 Energy Balance and Value Engineering 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.12 Optimal Transformer Size 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.13 General SLD and Layout 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.14 Detailed Design 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.15 Electrical Parameters and Value Engineering 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.16 Preparing Final Documents 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Conclusion 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 PV Power Plant DC Side Design 119\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 DC Side Design Methodology 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 PV Modules Selection 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Module Technology 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 PV Module Size 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 Selection Criteria 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Inverter Selection 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Inverter Topologies 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1.1 Micro Inverter 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1.2 Multi-string Inverter 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1.3 String Inverter 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1.4 Central Inverter 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1.5 Virtual Central Inverter 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Comparison of Inverter Topologies 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 PV Modules Number 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Method 1 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1.1 Minimum String Size 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1.2 Maximum String Size 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1.3 Determining Maximum Current of a PV Module 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1.4 Determining Number of Inverters 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 Method 2 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Size of PV Plant DC Side 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 DC Cables 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.1 Criteria 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2 DC Cables Cross Section 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2.1 Current Capacity 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2.2 Voltage Drop 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2.3 Power Loss 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2.4 Short-circuit Current 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 DC Box Combiner 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 String Diode 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10 Fuse 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10.1 Rated Voltage 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10.2 Rated Current 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10.3 Fuse Testing 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10.4 Melting Time 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11 Surge Arrester 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.12 DC Switch 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.13 Conclusion 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNote 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 PV System Losses and Energy Yield\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1. Introduction\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2. PV System Losses\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1. Sunlight Losses\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1.1. Array Incidence Losses\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1.2. Soiling Losses\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1.3. Dust Losses\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1.4. Snow Losses\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2. Sunlight into DC Electricity Conversion\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2.1. Temperature-r Related Losses\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2.2. Shading Losses\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2.3. Low Irradiance\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2.4. Module Quality\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2.5. Light-Induced Degradation\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2.6. Potential-Induced Degradation\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2.7. Manufacturing Module Mismatch\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2.8. Degradation\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3. DC to AC Conversion Losses\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3.1. Inverter Losses\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3.2. MPPT Losses\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3.3. Tracking Curtailment\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3.4. PV Plant DC Losses\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4. PV Plant AC Losses\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4.1. AC Losses\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4.2. Auxiliary Power Losses\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4.3. Downtime and Unavailability\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4.4. Grid Compliance Losses\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3. Energy Yield Prediction\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1. Irradiation on Modules\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2. PV Plant Losses\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3. Performance Modeling\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.4. Uncertainty in Energy Yield\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.5. Performance Ratio\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.6. Capacity Factor\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4. Conclusion\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49407134007639,"sku":"9781119736561","price":101.66,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119736561.jpg?v=1730498299","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/stepbystep-design-of-largescale-photovoltaic-power-plants-9781119736561","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}