{"product_id":"statistical-inference-9781118229408","title":"Statistical Inference","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis concise, easily accessible introduction to descriptive and inferential techniques presents the essentials of basic statistics for readers seeking to acquire a working knowledge of statistical concepts, measures, and procedures.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e“The book is addressed to courses on probability, mathematical statistics, and statistical inference at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. It also serves as a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners who would like to develop further insights into essential statistical tools.”  (\u003ci\u003eZentralblatt Math\u003c\/i\u003e, 1 August 2013)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“If an undergraduate student seeks a guide that will introduce the basic ideas of statistics, or a lecturer wants interesting life examples and a source of valid intuitions to improve his teaching skills, then this book is a great place to start. . . This book, with its explanations of basic intuitions, its many examples, the easy language, and a minimal requirement for mathematical training, is a good self-contained starting point to prepare one for the jump into those heavier works.”  (\u003ci\u003eComputing Reviews\u003c\/i\u003e, 30 September 2013)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 The Nature of Statistics 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Statistics Defined 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 The Population and the Sample 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Selecting a Sample from a Population 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Measurement Scales 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Let us Add 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Analyzing Quantitative Data 9\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Imposing Order 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Tabular and Graphical Techniques: Ungrouped Data 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Tabular and Graphical Techniques: Grouped Data 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 2.A Histograms with Classes of Different Lengths 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Descriptive Characteristics of Quantitative Data 22\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 The Search for Summary Characteristics 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 The Arithmetic Mean 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 The Median 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 The Mode 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 The Range 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 The Standard Deviation 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Relative Variation 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Skewness 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9 Quantiles 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10 Kurtosis 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11 Detection of Outliers 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.12 So What Do We Do with All This Stuff? 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 3.A Descriptive Characteristics of Grouped Data 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.A.1 The Arithmetic Mean 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.A.2 The Median 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.A.3 The Mode 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.A.4 The Standard Deviation 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.A.5 Quantiles (Quartiles, Deciles, and Percentiles) 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Essentials of Probability 61\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Set Notation 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Events within the Sample Space 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Basic Probability Calculations 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Joint, Marginal, and Conditional Probability 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Sources of Probabilities 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Discrete Probability Distributions and Their Properties 81\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 The Discrete Probability Distribution 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 The Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation of a Discrete Random Variable 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 The Binomial Probability Distribution 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Counting Issues 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 The Bernoulli Probability Distribution 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 The Binomial Probability Distribution 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 The Normal Distribution 101\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 The Continuous Probability Distribution 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 The Normal Distribution 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Probability as an Area Under the Normal Curve 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Percentiles of the Standard Normal Distribution and Percentiles of the Random Variable X 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 6.A The Normal Approximation to Binomial Probabilities 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Simple Random Sampling and the Sampling Distribution of the Mean 122\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Simple Random Sampling 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 The Sampling Distribution of the Mean 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Comments on the Sampling Distribution of the Mean 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 A Central Limit Theorem 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 7.A Using a Table of Random Numbers 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 7.B Assessing Normality via the Normal Probability Plot 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 7.C Randomness, Risk, and Uncertainty 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.C.1 Introduction to Randomness 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.C.2 Types of Randomness 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.C.2.1 Type I Randomness 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.C.2.2 Type II Randomness 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.C.2.3 Type III Randomness 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.C.3 Pseudo-Random Numbers 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.C.4 Chaotic Behavior 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.C.5 Risk and Uncertainty 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Confidence Interval Estimation of m 152\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 The Error Bound on X as an Estimator of m 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 A Confidence Interval for the Population Mean m (s Known) 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 A Sample Size Requirements Formula 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 A Confidence Interval for the Population Mean m (s Unknown) 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 8.A A Confidence Interval for the Population Median MED 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 The Sampling Distribution of a Proportion and its Confidence Interval Estimation 170\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 The Sampling Distribution of a Proportion 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 The Error Bound on ^p as an Estimator for p 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 A Confidence Interval for the Population Proportion (of Successes) p 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 A Sample Size Requirements Formula 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 9.A Ratio Estimation 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Testing Statistical Hypotheses 184\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 What is a Statistical Hypothesis? 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Errors in Testing 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 The Contextual Framework of Hypothesis Testing 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 Types of Errors in a Legal Context 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Types of Errors in a Medical Context 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3 Types of Errors in a Processing or Control Context 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.4 Types of Errors in a Sports Context 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Selecting a Test Statistic 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 The Classical Approach to Hypothesis Testing 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Types of Hypothesis Tests 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Hypothesis Tests for m (s Known) 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Hypothesis Tests for m (s Unknown and n Small) 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9 Reporting the Results of Statistical Hypothesis Tests 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10 Hypothesis Tests for the Population Proportion (of Successes) p 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 10.A Assessing the Randomness of a Sample 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 10.B Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test (of a Median) 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 10.C Lilliefors Goodness-of-Fit Test for Normality 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Comparing Two Population Means and Two Population Proportions 217\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Confidence Intervals for the Difference of Means when Sampling from Two Independent Normal Populations 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.1 Sampling from Two Independent Normal Populations with Equal and Known Variances 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.2 Sampling from Two Independent Normal Populations with Unequal but Known Variances 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.3 Sampling from Two Independent Normal Populations with Equal but Unknown Variances 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.4 Sampling from Two Independent Normal Populations with Unequal and Unknown Variances 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Confidence Intervals for the Difference of Means when Sampling from Two Dependent Populations: Paired Comparisons 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Confidence Intervals for the Difference of Proportions when Sampling from Two Independent Binomial Populations 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Statistical Hypothesis Tests for the Difference of Means when Sampling from Two Independent Normal Populations 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 Population Variances Equal and Known 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2 Population Variances Unequal but Known 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.3 Population Variances Equal and Unknown 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.4 Population Variances Unequal and Unknown (an Approximate Test) 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Hypothesis Tests for the Difference of Means when Sampling from Two Dependent Populations: Paired Comparisons 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Hypothesis Tests for the Difference of Proportions when Sampling from Two Independent Binomial Populations 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 11.A Runs Test for Two Independent Samples 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 11.B Mann–Whitney (Rank Sum) Test for Two Independent Populations 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 11.C Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test when Sampling from Two Dependent Populations: Paired Comparisons 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Bivariate Regression and Correlation 253\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introducing an Additional Dimension to our Statistical Analysis 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Linear Relationships 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 Exact Linear Relationships 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Estimating the Slope and Intercept of the Population Regression Line 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Decomposition of the Sample Variation in Y 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Mean, Variance, and Sampling Distribution of the Least Squares Estimators ^b0 and ^b1 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Confidence Intervals for b0 and b1 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Testing Hypotheses about b0 and b1 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 Predicting the Average Value of Y given X 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9 The Prediction of a Particular Value of Y given X 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10 Correlation Analysis 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10.1 Case A: X and Y Random Variables 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10.1.1 Estimating the Population Correlation Coefficient r 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10.1.2 Inferences about the Population Correlation Coefficient r 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10.2 Case B: X Values Fixed, Y a Random Variable 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 12.A Assessing Normality (Appendix 7.B Continued) 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 12.B On Making Causal Inferences 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.B.1 Introduction 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.B.2 Rudiments of Experimental Design 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.B.3 Truth Sets, Propositions, and Logical Implications 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.B.4 Necessary and Sufficient Conditions 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.B.5 Causality Proper 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.B.6 Logical Implications and Causality 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.B.7 Correlation and Causality 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.B.8 Causality from Counterfactuals 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.B.9 Testing Causality 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.B.10 Suggestions for Further Reading 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 An Assortment of Additional Statistical Tests 295\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Distributional Hypotheses 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 The Multinomial Chi-Square Statistic 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 The Chi-Square Distribution 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Testing Goodness of Fit 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Testing Independence 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Testing k Proportions 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 A Measure of Strength of Association in a Contingency Table 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8 A Confidence Interval for s2 under Random Sampling from a Normal Population 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.9 The F Distribution 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.10 Applications of the F Statistic to Regression Analysis 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.10.1 Testing the Significance of the Regression Relationship Between X and Y 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.10.2 A Joint Test of the Regression Intercept and Slope 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix A 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable A.1 Standard Normal Areas [Z is N(0,1)] 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable A.2 Quantiles of the t Distribution (T is tv) 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable A.3 Quantiles of the Chi-Square Distribution (X is w2v) 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable A.4 Quantiles of the F Distribution (F is Fv1;v2 ) 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable A.5 Binomial Probabilities P(X;n,p) 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable A.6 Cumulative Binomial Probabilities 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable A.7 Quantiles of Lilliefors’ Test for Normality 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolutions to Exercises 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 373\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49528824168791,"sku":"9781118229408","price":104.45,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781118229408.jpg?v=1731873163","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/statistical-inference-9781118229408","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}