{"product_id":"smelter-grade-alumina-from-bauxite-history-best-practices-and-future-challenges-9783030885854","title":"Smelter Grade Alumina from Bauxite: History, Best","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book provides a comprehensive review of the production of smelter grade alumina from bauxite ores. It emphasizes the best practices applied in the industry today but seen in a historical context with a view to future challenges and developments. The control of alumina quality is discussed in detail including the effects that alumina quality have  on the aluminum smelter process with respect to environmental performance, current efficiency, and metal purity. The discussion of alumina quality will be relevant to people on the smelter side, as this is the interface between refinery and smelter. Emphasis is placed on the major steps of the Bayer Process including: digestion, clarification, precipitation, calcination, and management of water, energy, and bauxite residue. This book is a valuable resource for active, seasoned practitioners and for new engineers entering the industry.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1.\tIntroduction: Primary Aluminium - Alumina - Bauxite (Benny E. Raahauge)i.\tProperty Driven  Applicationsii.\tSupply-Demand Balance and Forecastiii.\tCost Drivers and Pricingiv.\tEnvironmental Footprints and Challenges\u003cbr\u003e2.\tBauxite Mineralogy, Classification and Beneficiation (Hydro\/RTA?)i.\tBauxite Resourcesii.\tMineralogy and Chemistryiii.\tClassification from Bayer Process Perspectiveiv.\tBeneficiation Options\u003cbr\u003e3.\tBayer Process Design and Physical Chemistry  (Steve Healy)i.\tBayer Process Design Overviewii.\tLiquor Properties - Physio Chemical Dataiii.\tLime (CaO) Chemistry\u003cbr\u003e4.\tBauxite Processing - Crushing\/Grinding, De-silication and Digestion (CSIRO?)i.\tCrushing \u0026amp; Grindingii.\tSilica Chemistry, Desilication Kinetics and Reactor Designiii.\tDigestion Chemistry, Breakpoint and Kineticsa.\tMaximum Extractable  Alumina (MEA) and Breakpointb.\tDigestion Modelsc.\tDegradation of Organicsiv.\tDigestion Conditions, Bauxite Mineralogy and Yielda.\tEffect of Lime additionb.\tImpact of impuritiesv.\tApplied Digestion Technology and Heat Consumptiona.\tAutoclavesb.\tTube Digesterc.\tDouble Digestionvi.\tDigester Mass and Heat Balancesa.\tTheoretical Heat of Digestionb.\tBoiling Point Elevationc.\tSteam Requirements\u003cbr\u003e5.\tDe-sanding - Floculation \/ Sedimentation - Liquor Filtration (Tim Laros)i.\tDe-Sanding Equipmentii.\tFlocculation and Sedimentation Principlesiii.\tMud Rheology, Rake Drives and Mud Pumpingiv.\tDecantation and Clarification Technologyv.\tRise Rate and Tank Designvi.\tPregnant\/Green Liquor Filtration Options and Trends\u003cbr\u003e6.\tBauxite Residue: Washing - Dewatering (Tim Laros) and Disposal (Paul McGlade)i.\tMud Washing - Recovery of Soda and Aluminaii.\tDewatering Options: Filtration and Centrifuginga.\tFiltration Theory and Applicationsb.\tFiltration Pressure and Equipment Optionsc.\tCentrifuge Theory and Applicationsiii.\tMud Cake Disposal Options and Principlea.\tWet Disposal w\/wo Neutralizationb.\tDry Stacking w\/wo Mud Farmingc.\tDry Disposal  7.\tHydrate Precipitation (Dennis R. Audet) , Classification and Filtration (Manfred Bach)i.\tHydrate Crystallization Fundamentalsa.\tNucleation, Agglomeration, Breakage and Growthb.\tCrystallization Mechanism and Kineticsc.\tHeat of Crystallizationd.\t Control of Residual Sodae.\tImpact of Organics and other impurities on Yieldii.\tPrecipitation Flow Sheets and Particle Morphologya.\tRetention Time and Temperature Profile impact on Yieldb.\tModelling of Precipitation Flow sheetiii.\tPrecipitator Tank Design Optionsa.\tAgitation and Mixingb.\tHydrodynamic Effects on Yieldiv.\tClassification Options and Mass Balance Controla.\tHydro Clonesb.\tFine Seed Thickenerv.\tSeed and Product Hydrate Filtration Optionsa.\tSeed Preparationb.\tWashing Efficiency and Flow sheets\u003cbr\u003e8.\tLiquor Purification and Impurity Control (Steve Healy)i.\tOrganics removalii.\tRemoval of Inorganic impuritiesa.\tIronb.\tPhosphorc.\tOther…\u003cbr\u003e9.\tWater Balance, Evaporation, Heat Exchange and Co-Generation (Daniel Thomas)i.\tRefinery Water Balanceii.\tBayer Process Heat Balancea.\tHeat Transfer b.\tInter-department heat exchangeiii.\tEvaporationiv.\tCo-Generation of Steam and Power\u003cbr\u003e10.\tAlumina Production by Calcination (Benny E. Raahauge)i.\tCalcination Chemistry, Phase Changes and Combustiona.\tChemistry, Degree of Calcination and Stoichiometryb.\tCrystalline and X-Ray Amorphous Phasesc.\tFuels and Combustion Products - Acid dew Pointii.\tDrying and Calcination Theorya.\tGas-Solid Heat Transfer and Drying\/Calcinationb.\tHeat Conductionc.\tAlpha Phase Formation and Kineticsiii.\tHeat of Calcinationa.\tStandard Heats of Reactionb.\tCalcination Heat in Practiceiv.\tCalcination Furnace\/Reactor Design and Operating Conditionsa.\tRotary Kilnb.\tFluid Flash (FF) and Gas Suspension Calciner (GSC)c.\tFluidization and the Circulating Fluid Bed (CFB)d.\tGas Suspension Calciner Reaction Modelv.\tGas-Solid Separation in Cyclonesvi.\tAir Pollution Control and Dust Managementa.\tGas Emissions and Carbon Foot Printb.\tParticulate Dust Emissions and Management Optionsc.\tElectrostatic Precipitator or Bag House vii.\tRefractory Selection and Surface Heat Lossesviii.\tCalcination Flow Sheet Optionsa.\tHeat Recovery Optionsb.\tHydrate By-Pass and Alumina Qualityc.\tHeat Balance and Specific Heat Consumptiond.\tSpecific Power Consumptionix.\tParticle Breakdown and Strength During Calcinationa.\tParticle Breakdown Defined and Observedb.\tAttrition Index Defined and Observedc.\tImpact from Precipitation and Calcination\u003cbr\u003e11.\tAlumina Quality, HF Removal,  Dissolution and Aluminium Purity (Stephen Lindsay)i.\tChemical Composition of Smelter Grade Aluminaa.\tLoss of Ignition (LOI) and Degree of Calcinationb.\tPhase Composition and Alpha Alumina Contentc.\tChemical Composition and Gibbsite ii.\tPhysical Properties of Smelter Grade Aluminaa.\tParticle Size Distribution, Dustiness and Attrition Indexb.\tAngle of Repose and Flow abilityc.\tBulk Density and Heat Conductivity d.\tSpecific Surface Area and Pore Size Distributioniii.\tEfficient HF Removal and Dry-Scrubber Efficiency (Margaret Hyland)a.\tSources of HF from Smeltingb.\tPore Size Distribution and accessible Specific Surface Area\tPrimary Alumina\tSecondary Aluminac.\t The Role of Sulfur Dioxide?iv.\tAlumina Dissolution and Current Efficiency (Pascal Lavoie)a.\tTheoretical Analysis of Dissolution Processb.\tDissolution Rate under Laboratory Conditions\tEffect of Particle Size Distribution: Sandy vs Floury\tEffect of Phase Composition: Gamma vs Alphac.\tImpact of Calcination Technologyd.\tImpact of Alumina Feeder Design and Operation v.\tImpurities impact on Aluminium  Production, Purity and Propertiesa.\tSoda and CaOb.\tSilica and Ironc.\tPhosphor and Berylliumd.\tVanadium and Sulfur\u003cbr\u003e12.\tAlumina Storage and Handling Options\u003cbr\u003e13.\tHealth, Safety and Plant Management (Carlos Suarez)\u003cbr\u003e14.\tProcess Control, Simulation and Operator Training (NN?)\u003cbr\u003e15.\tProcess Economics and Plant Design (Peter-Hans Ter Weer)\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Springer Nature Switzerland AG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51021126500695,"sku":"9783030885854","price":66.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783030885854.jpg?v=1750785238","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/smelter-grade-alumina-from-bauxite-history-best-practices-and-future-challenges-9783030885854","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}