{"product_id":"simkins-labor-progress-handbook-9781119754466","title":"Simkins Labor Progress Handbook","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e“For all those committed to supporting birthing people, \u003ci\u003eSimkin’s Labor Progress Handbook\u003c\/i\u003e is a scientifically grounded and eminently practical resource. At a time of renewed public attention to addressing birth equity across the globe, the authors provide indispensable wisdom to ensure women and families receive the care they deserve.”\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDr Neel Shah, MD, MPP\u003c\/b\u003e, Assistant Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology at Harvard Medical School and an obstetrician-gynecologist at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xvi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForeword xviii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1: Introduction 1\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eLisa Hanson, PhD, CNM, FACNM, FAAN and Emily Malloy, PhD, CNM\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCauses and prevention of labor dystocia: a systematic approach 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes on this book 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNote from the authors on the use of gender-inclusive language 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2: Respectful Care 7\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAmber Price DNP, CNM, MSN, RN 7\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHealth system conditions and constraints 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLGBTQ birth care 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRMC and pregnant people in larger bodies 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShared decision-making 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExpectations 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe impact of culture on the birth experience 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTraumatic births 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrauma survivors and prevention of PTSD 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrauma-informed care as a universal precaution 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eObstetric violence 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatient rights 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConsent 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaternal mortality 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3: Normal Labor and Labor Dystocia: General Considerations 22\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eLisa Hanson, PhD, CNM, FACNM, FAAN, Venus Standard, MSN, CNM, LCCE, FACNM, andPenny Simkin, BA, PT, CCE, CD(DONA)\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is normal labor? 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is labor dystocia? 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is normal labor progress and what practices promote it? 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy does labor progress slow or stop? 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProstaglandins and hormonal influences on emotions and labor progress 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisruptions to the hormonal physiology of labor 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHormonal responses and gender 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“Fight‐or‐flight” and “tend‐and‐befriend” responses to distress and fear during labor 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOptimizing the environment for birth 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe psycho‐emotional state of the pregnant person: wellbeing or distress? 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePain versus suffering 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssessment of pain and coping 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmotional dystocia 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsycho‐emotional measures to reduce suffering, fear, and anxiety 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBefore labor, what the caregiver can do 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuring labor: tips for caregivers and doulas, especially if meeting the laboring client for the first time in labor 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4: Assessing Progress in Labor 41\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eWendy Gordon, DM, MPH, CPM, LM, with contributions by Gail Tully, BS, CPM, andLisa Hanson, PhD, CNM, FACNM, FAAN\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBefore labor begins 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFetal presentation and position 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbdominal contour 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocation of the point of maximum intensity (PMI) of the fetal heart tones via auscultation 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeopold’s maneuvers for identifying fetal presentation and position 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbdominal palpation using Leopold’s maneuvers 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEstimating engagement: The rule of fifths 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMalposition 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther assessments prior to labor 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEstimating fetal weight 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssessing the cervix prior to labor 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssessing prelabor 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSix ways to progress 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssessments during labor 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVisual and verbal assessments 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHydration and nourishment 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsychology 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuality of contractions 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVital signs 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePurple line 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssessing the fetus 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFetal movements 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGestational age 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeconium 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFetal heart rate (FHR) 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternal assessments 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVaginal examinations: indications and timing 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerforming a vaginal examination during labor 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssessing the cervix 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssessing the presenting part 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdentifying those fetuses likely to persist in an OP position throughout labor 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe vagina and bony pelvis 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePutting it all together 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssessing progress in the first stage 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeatures of normal latent phase 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeatures of normal active phase 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssessing progress in the second stage 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeatures of normal second stage 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5: Role of Physiologic and Pharmacologic Oxytocin in Labor Progress 82\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eElise Erickson, PhD, CNM, FACNM and Nicole Carlson, PhD, CNM, FACNM, FAAN\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistory of oxytocin discovery and use in human labor 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStructure and function of oxytocin 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOxytocin receptors 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOxytocin and spontaneous labor onset and progression 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePromoting endogenous oxytocin function in spontaneous labor 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEthical considerations in oxytocin administration 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOxytocin use 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOxytocin use during latent phase labor 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOxytocin use during active phase labor 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOxytocin use during second stage labor 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChanges in contemporary populations and labor progress 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOxytocin dosing 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh dose\/low dose 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariation in oxytocin dosing among special populations 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigher body mass index 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNullipara 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaternal age 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpidural 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems associated with higher doses or longer oxytocin infusion 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePostpartum hemorrhage 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFetal Intolerance to labor 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOxytocin holiday 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBreastfeeding and beyond 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNew areas of oxytocin research 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6: Prolonged Prelabor and Latent First Stage 101\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eEllen L. Tilden, PhD, RN, CNM, FACNM, Jesse Remer, BS, CD(DONA),BDT(DONA), LCCE, FACCE, and Joyce K. Edmonds, PhD, MPH, RN\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe onset of labor: key elements of recognition and response 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefining labor onset 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSigns of impending labor 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrelabor 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrelabor vs labor: the dilemma 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDelaying latent labor hospital admissions 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnticipatory guidance 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnticipatory guidance for coping prior in prelabor 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSommer’s New Year’s Eve technique 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProlonged prelabor and the latent phase of labor 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFetal factors that may prolong early labor 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOptimal fetal positioning: prenatal features 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMiles circuit 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupport measures for pregnant people who are at home in prelabor and the latent phase 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSome reasons for excessive pain and duration of prelabor or the latent phase 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIatrogenic factors 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCervical factors 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManagement of cervical stenosis or the “zipper” cervix 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther soft tissue (ligaments, muscles, fascia) factors 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmotional dystocia 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTroubleshooting Measures for Painful Prolonged Prelabor or Latent Phase 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeasures to Alleviate Painful, Non‐progressing, Non‐dilating Contractions in Prelabor or Latent Phase 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSynclitism and asynclitism 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOpen knee–chest position 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClosed knee–chest position 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSide‐lying release 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen progress in prelabor or latent phase remains inadequate 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTherapeutic rest 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNipple stimulation 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMembrane sweeping 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eArtificial rupture of membranes in latent labor 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCan prenatal actions prevent some postdates pregnancies, prolonged prelabors, or early labors? 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrenatal preparation of the cervix for dilation 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7: Prolonged Active Phase 130\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAmy Marowitz, DNP, CNM\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is active labor? Description, definition, diagnosis 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen is active labor prolonged or arrested? 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePossible causes of prolonged active labor 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment of prolonged labor 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFetopelvic factors 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow fetal malpositions and malpresentation delay labor progress 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDetermining fetopelvic relationships 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMalpositions 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMalpresentations 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUse of ultrasound 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eArtificial rupture of the membranes (amniotomy) when there is a fetal malposition or malpresentation 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpidural analgesia and malposition or malpresentation 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaternal positions and movements for suspected malposition, malpresentation, or any “poor fit” 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverview and evidence 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePositions to encourage optimal fetal positioning 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForward‐leaning positions 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSide‐lying positions 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAsymmetrical positions and movements 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbdominal lifting 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“Walcher’s” position 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFlying cowgirl 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLow technology clinical approaches to alter fetal position 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDigital or manual rotation of the fetal head 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDigital rotation 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManual rotation 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEarly urge to push, cervical edema, and persistent cervical lip 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManual reduction of a persistent cervical lip 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReducing swelling of the cervix or anterior lip 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisruptions to the hormonal physiology of labor 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverview 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIf emotional dystocia is suspected 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePredisposing factors theorized to contribute to emotional dystocia 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePossible indicators of emotional dystocia during active labor 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeasures to help cope with expressed fears 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHypocontractile uterine activity 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactors that can contribute to contractions of inadequate intensity and\/or frequency 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImmobility 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental and emotional factors 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUterine lactate production in long labors 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSodium bicarbonate 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalcium carbonate 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen the cause of inadequate contractions is unknown 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBreast stimulation 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWalking and changes in position 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcupressure or acupuncture 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoping and comfort issues 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndividual coping styles 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSimkin’s 3 Rs: Relaxation, rhythm, and ritual: The essence of coping during the first stage of labor 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHydrotherapy: Warm water immersion or warm shower 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComfort measures for back pain 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhaustion 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSterile water injections 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProcedure for subcutaneous sterile water injections 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHydration and nutrition 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8: Prevention and Treatment of Prolonged Second Stage of Labor 166\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eKathryn Osborne, PhD, CNM, FACNM and Lisa Hanson, PhD, CNM, FACNM, FAAN\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefinitions of the second stage of labor 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhases of the second stage of labor 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe latent phase of the second stage 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvidence-based support during the latent phase of second stage labor 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat if the latent phase of the second stage persists? 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe active phase of the second stage 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysiologic effects of prolonged breath‐holding and straining 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects on the birth giver 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects on the fetus 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpontaneous expulsive efforts 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiffuse pushing 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecond stage time limits 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePossible causes and physiologic solutions for second stage dystocia 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePosition changes and other strategies for suspected occiput posterior or persistent occiput transverse fetuses 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe use of supine positions 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy not the supine position? 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUse of the exaggerated lithotomy position 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifferentiating between pushing positions and birth positions 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKnees together pushing 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaning forward while kneeling, standing, or sitting 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSquatting positions 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAsymmetrical positions 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLateral positions 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupported squat or “dangle” positions 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther strategies for malposition and back pain 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEarly interventions for suspected persistent asynclitism 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePositions and movements for persistent asynclitism in second stage 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNuchal hand or hands at vertex delivery 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIf cephalopelvic disproportion or macrosomia (“poor fit”) is suspected 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe influence of time on cephalopelvic disproportion 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFetal head descent 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVerbal support of spontaneous bearing‐down efforts 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGuiding the birthing person through crowning of the fetal head 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHand skills to protect the perineum 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerineal management during second stage 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTopical anesthetic applied to the perineum 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifferentiating perineal massage from other interventions 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWaterbirth 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePositions for suspected “cephalopelvic disproportion” (CPD) in second stage 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShoulder dystocia 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrecautionary measures 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwo step delivery of the fetal head 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWarning signs 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShoulder dystocia maneuvers 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe McRoberts’ maneuver 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuprapubic pressure 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHands and knees position, or the Gaskin maneuver 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShrug maneuver 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePosterior axilla sling traction (PAST) 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTully’s FlipFLOP pneumonic 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSomersault maneuver 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDecreased contraction frequency and intensity 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIf emotional dystocia is suspected 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe essence of coping during the second stage of labor 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSigns of emotional distress in second stage 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTriggers of emotional distress unique to the second stage 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 9: Optimal Newborn Transition and Third and Fourth Stage Labor Management 219\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eEmily Malloy, PhD, CNM, Lisa Hanson, PhD, CNM, FACNM, and Karen Robinson, PhD,\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCnm, Facnm\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverview of the normal third and fourth stages of labor for unmedicated mother and baby 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThird stage management: care of the baby 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOral and nasopharynx suctioning 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDelayed clamping and cutting of the umbilical cord 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManagement of delivery of an infant with a tight nuchal cord 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThird stage management: the placenta 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysiologic (expectant) management of the third stage of labor 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eActive management of the third stage of labor 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe fourth stage of labor 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBaby‐friendly (breastfeeding) practices 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupporting microbial health of the infant 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoutine newborn assessments 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 10: Epidural and Other Forms of Neuraxial Analgesia for Labor: Review of Effects, with Emphasis on Preventing Dystocia 235\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSharon Muza, BS, CD\/BDT(DONA), LCCE, FACCE, CLE and Robin Elise Weiss,Ph.D., MPH, CLC, LCCE, FACCE, AdvCD\/BDT(DONA)\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction: analgesia and anesthesia—an integral part of maternity care in many countries 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeuraxial (epidural and spinal) analgesia—new terms for old approaches to labor pain? 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysiological adjustments that support maternal-fetal wellbeing 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultisystem effects of epidural analgesia on labor progress 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe endocrine system 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe musculoskeletal system 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe genitourinary system 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCan changes in labor management reduce problems of epidural analgesia? 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDescent vaginal birth 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGuided physiologic pushing with an epidural 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCentering the pregnant person during labor 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 11: Guide to Positions and Movements 249\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eLisa Hanson, PhD, CNM, FACNM, FAAN and Emily Malloy, PhD, CNM\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaternal positions and how they affect labor 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSide‐lying positions 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePure side‐lying and semiprone (exaggerated Sims’) 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe “semiprone lunge” 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSide‐lying release 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSitting positions 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSemisitting 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSitting upright 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSitting, leaning forward with support 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStanding, leaning forward 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKneeling positions 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKneeling, leaning forward with support 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHands and knees 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOpen knee–chest position 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClosed knee–chest position 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAsymmetrical upright (standing, kneeling, sitting) positions 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSquatting positions 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSquatting 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupported squatting (“dangling”) positions 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHalf‐squatting, lunging, and swaying 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLap squatting 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupine positions 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupine 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSheet “pull‐to‐push” 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExaggerated lithotomy (McRoberts’ position) 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaternal movements in first and second stages 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePelvic rocking (also called pelvic tilt) and other movements of the pelvis 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHip sifting 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFlexion of hips and knees in hands and knees position 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe lunge 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWalking or stair climbing 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSlow dancing 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbdominal lifting 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbdominal jiggling with a shawl 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe pelvic press 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther rhythmic movements 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 12: Guide to Comfort Measures 294\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eEmily Malloy, PhD, CNM and Lisa Hanson, PhD, CNM, FACNM, FAAN\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction: the state of the science regarding non‐pharmacologic, complementary, and alternative\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003emethods to relieve labor pain 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral guidelines for comfort during a slow labor 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon‐pharmacologic physical comfort measures 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeat 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCold 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHydrotherapy 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow to monitor the fetus in or around water 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTouch and massage 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow to give simple brief massages for shoulders and back, hands, and feet 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcupuncture 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcupressure 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContinuous labor support from a doula, nurse, or midwife 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow the doula helps 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat about staff nurses and midwives as labor support providers? 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssessing the laboring person’s emotional state 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTechniques and devices to reduce back pain 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCounterpressure 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe double hip squeeze 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe knee press 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCook’s counterpressure technique No. 1: ischial tuberosities (IT) 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCook’s counterpressure technique No. 2: perilabial pressure 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTechniques and devices to reduce back pain 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCold and heat 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCold and rolling cold 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWarm compresses 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaternal movement and positions 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBirth ball 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTranscutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSterile water injections for back labor 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProcedure for subcutaneous sterile water injections 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBreathing for relaxation and a sense of mastery 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSimple breathing rhythms to teach on the spot in labor 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBearing‐down techniques for the second stage 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpontaneous bearing down (pushing) 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf‐directed pushing 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 329\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley and Sons Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48738366488919,"sku":"9781119754466","price":43.65,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119754466.jpg?v=1723811981","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/simkins-labor-progress-handbook-9781119754466","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}