{"product_id":"research-methods-and-statistics-9781483392141","title":"Research Methods and Statistics","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis innovative text offers a completely integrated approach to teaching research methods and statistics by presenting a research question accompanied by the appropriate methods and statistical procedures needed to address it. Research questions and designs become more complex as chapters progress, building on simpler questions to reinforce student learning. Using a conversational style and research examples from published works, this comprehensive book walks readers through the entire research process and includes ample pedagogical support for SPSS, Excel, and APA style.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface Acknowledgments About the Authors Section I- Foundations of Design and Analysis Chapter 1- The Scientific Method    Empirical Data    Step 1: Ask a Question    Choose a Topic    Ask a Simple Question    Step 2: Read the Published Literature    Locate Research    Choose a Specific Question    Step 3: Create a Method    Step 4: Collect and Analyze Data    Step 5: Answer the Research Question    Step 6: Share Your Results    Research in Psychology: APA Style    Summary    Review of Terms    Practice Items    References Chapter 2- Ethical Research    Ethical Treatment of Participants    Assessing Risk to Participants    Literature Review    Hypothesis    The Sample    Method    Statistics and the Data    Benefits    Risk    Appendices    Personnel    Certification of Ethics Training    Deception    Testing of Special Populations    Medical Procedures    Animal Research    Informed Consent    Treating Participants Ethically    Ethics After Testing Participants    Data Entry    Data Analysis    Writing a Presentation or Manuscript    Authorship Issues    Presenting and Publishing Research    Who Is Harmed by Unethical Behavior?    Ethical Data-Collection Methods    Summary    Review of Terms    Practice Items    References Chapter 3- Research Designs and Variables    Correlational Design    Longitudinal Studies    Cross-Sectional Studies    Experimental Design    Independent Variable    Dependent Variable    Cause and Effect    Random Assignment    Extraneous Variables    Internal Validity    Levels of Measurement    Nominal Variable    Ordinal Variable    Interval Variable    Ratio Variable    Why Do We Care?    Summarizing Variables: Central Tendency    Mode    Median    Mean    Summarizing Variables: Variability    Range    Standard Deviation    SPSS: Summarizing Variables    Nominal Data    Ordinal Data    Interval and Ratio Data    Summary    Review of Terms    Practice Items    Reference Chapter 4- Learning About a Population From a Sample    Selecting a Sample    Random Sampling    Cluster Sampling    Stratified Random Sampling    Convenience Sampling    Bias in a Sample    Inferential Statistics    Sampling Error    Probability    Hypothesis Testing    Significance    p-values and Effect Size    Power and Sample Size    Degrees of Freedom    Summary    Review of Terms    Practice Items Section II- Categorical Variables and Simple Frequency Chapter 5- One Variable With Frequency Data    Research Design: Categorizing Participants    One-Way Chi Square With Equal Expected Frequencies    SPSS: One-Way Chi Square With Equal Expected Frequencies    Effect Size: Cohen’s w    APA Style for the One-Way Chi Square With Equal Expected Frequencies    Power    One-Way Chi Square With Unequal Expected Frequencies    SPSS: One-Way Chi Square With Unequal Expected Frequencies    APA Style for the One-Way Chi Square With Unequal Expected Frequencies    Summary    Review of Terms    Practice Items    References Chapter 6- Two Variables With Frequency Data    Research Design: Two Categorical Variables    Two-Way Chi Square: 2 × 3 Design    Power    SPSS: 2 × 3 Chi Square    Effect Size: Contingency Coefficient and Cramer’s V    APA Style for the 2 × 3 Chi Square    Two-Way Chi Square: 2 × 2 Design    Effect Size: Phi Coefficient    SPSS: 2 × 2 Chi Square    APA Style for the 2 × 2 Chi Square    Summary    Review of Terms    Practice Items    References Section III- Research Without Grouping Chapter 7- Examining Relationships    Pearson’s r: Seeking a Relationship    SPSS: Pearson’s r (Seeking a Relationship)    Two-Tailed Test    One-Tailed Test    Power    Graphs as Figures: Scatterplot    APA Style for Pearson’s r: Correlational Design    Pearson’s r: Seeking Cause and Effect    Previewing Data With a Scatterplot    SPSS: Pearson’s r (Seeking Cause and Effect)    Effect Size: Coefficient of Determination    APA Style for Pearson’s r: Experimental Design    Inaccurate Pearson’s r    When Pearson’s r Falsely Shows No Relationship    Outliers That Weaken Pearson’s r    Nonlinear Relationship    Restriction of Range    When Pearson’s r Falsely Shows a Relationship    Restriction of Range on a Curvilinear Relationship    Outliers That Strengthen Pearson’s r    Summary    Review of Terms    Practice Items    References Chapter 8- Scale Development    Pearson’s r and Reliability of Measures    Test-Retest Reliability    Alternate-Forms Reliability    Split-Half Reliability    Cronbach’s Alpha and Reliability of Measures    SPSS: Scoring and Interpreting Measures    Reverse Scoring Items    Cronbach’s Alpha on SPSS    Scoring a Measure    Reliability With Subjective Measures: Interrater Reliability    Pearson’s r and Validity    Face Validity    Content Validity    Convergent Construct Validity    Discriminant Construct Validity    Predictive Validity    Summary    Review of Terms    Practice Items    References Chapter 9- Prediction    Prediction and Correlation    Linear Regression: Prediction Using One Predictor    Correlation First    Linear Regression    Error in Predictions    SPSS: Linear Regression    Effect Size: Cohen’s f 2    APA Style for Linear Regression    Power    Multiple Linear Regression: Prediction With Two Predictors    SPSS: Multiple Linear Regression    APA Style for Multiple Linear Regression    Summary    Review of Terms    Practice Items    References Section IV- Grouped Designs With Independent Samples Chapter 10- One Variable With Two Independent Groups    Research Design: One IV With Two Levels    SPSS: Independent-Samples t-test With an IV    Directional Hypothesis    Effect Size: Cohen’s d    Confidence Intervals    Power    APA Style for the Independent-Samples t-test: Experimental Design    Graphs as Figures: Bar Graph    Outliers    Using a Quasi-IV to Establish a Relationship    SPSS: Independent-Samples t-test With a Quasi-IV    APA Style for the Independent-Samples t-test: Correlational Design    Summary    Review of Terms    Practice Items    References Chapter 11- One Variable With More Than Two Independent Groups    Research Design: One IV With More Than Two Levels    SPSS: One-Way, Between-Groups ANOVA With an IV    Effect Size: Eta Squared    Post Hoc Comparisons    Confidence Intervals    Power    APA Style for the One-Way, Between-Groups ANOVA: Experimental Design    Analyzing a Quasi-IV With More Than Two Levels    SPSS: One-Way, Between-Groups ANOVA With a Quasi-IV    APA Style for the One-Way, Between-Groups ANOVA: Correlational Design    Summary    Review of Terms    Practice Items    References Section V- Grouped Designs With Related Samples Chapter 12- One Variable with Two Related Groups    Testing the Same People Twice    Problems With Testing the Same People Twice    Practice Effect    Fatigue Effect    History Effect    Maturation    Solving Order Problems by Counterbalancing    Avoiding Confounds    Research Design: One IV With Two Related Groups    SPSS: Related-Samples t-test (Experimental Design)    Confidence Intervals    Effect Size: Cohen’s d    APA Style for the Related-Samples t-test: Experimental Design    Power    Research Design: One Quasi-IV With Two Related Groups    SPSS: Related-Samples t-test (Correlational Design)    APA Style for the Related-Samples t-test: Correlational Design    Research Design: Testing Different People (Matched Pairs)    Matching Participants    Matching in a Two-Condition Study    The Matching Process    SPSS: Matched-Pairs t-test    APA Style for the Matched-Pairs t-test    Summary    Review of Terms    Practice Items    References Chapter 13- One Variable With Repeated Measures: More Than Two Groups    Research Design: One IV With Repeated Measures    SPSS: One-Way, Repeated-Measures ANOVA (Experimental Design)    Sphericity    Effect Size: Eta Squared    Confidence Intervals    Power    APA Style for the One-Way, Repeated-Measures ANOVA: Experimental Design    Research Design: One Quasi-IV With Repeated Measures    SPSS: One-Way, Repeated-Measures ANOVA (Correlational Design)    APA Style for the One-Way, Repeated-Measures ANOVA: Correlational Design    Summary    Review of Terms    Practice Items    References Section VI- Advanced Design Chapter 14- Two Variables With Independent Samples    Research Design: Two IVs With Independent Samples    SPSS: Two-Way, Between-Groups ANOVA (No Significant Interaction)    Effect Size: Eta Squared    Post Hoc for a Main Effect    Confidence Intervals    Power    Graphing a Main Effect    APA Style for Two-Way, Between-Groups ANOVA With Main Effects    Research Design: One IV and One Quasi-IV With Independent Groups    SPSS: Two-Way, Between-Groups ANOVA (Significant Interaction)    Examining the Interaction    Post Hoc for an Interaction    Graphing an Interaction    APA Style for the Two-Way, Between-Groups ANOVA With an Interaction    Summary    Review of Terms    Practice Items    References Appendices Appendix A- Power Analysis Table Appendix B- Graphing in Excel    Scatterplots    Bar Graphs    Line Graphs    Interaction Graphs Appendix C- APA-Style Manuscript Guidelines    Key Elements in APA-Style Writing    The Basics    Title Page    Abstract    Introduction    Method    Results    Discussion    References    Tables, Figures, and Appendices    Common Mistakes and Tips for Writing    Example Paper With Comments    Example Paper Without Comments Appendix D- Selected Answers to Practice Items Appendix E- Glossary of Terms Index","brand":"SAGE Publications Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default 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