{"product_id":"recent-advances-in-micro-and-macroalgal-processing-9781119542582","title":"Recent Advances in Micro and Macroalgal","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eRecent Advances in Micro- and Macroalgal Processing\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA comprehensive review of algae as novel and sustainable sources of algal ingredients, their extraction and processing\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis comprehensive text offers an in-depth exploration of the research and issues surrounding the consumption, economics, composition, processing and health effects of algae. With contributions from an international team of experts, the book explores the application of conventional and emerging technologies for algal processing. The book includes recent developments such as drying and milling technologies along with advancements in sustainable greener techniques.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe text also highlights individual groups of compounds including polysaccharides, proteins, polyphenols, carotenoids, lipids and fibres from algae. The authors provide insightful reviews of the traditional and more recent applications of algae\/algal extracts in food, feed, pharmaceutical and cosmetics products. Offering a holistic view o\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments v\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the IFST Advances in Food Science Book Series xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xxiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSection I Composition and Extraction Technologies For Algal Bioactives\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Algae: A Functional Food with a Rich History and Future Superfood 3\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGaurav Rajauria, and Yvonne V. Yuan\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 History of Macro- and Microalgae Consumption 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Economic Relevance of Macro- and Microalgae 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Book Objectives 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Book Structure 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Influence of Seasonal Variation on Chemical Composition and Nutritional Profiles of Macro- and Microalgae 14\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eK. Suresh Kumar, Sushma Kumari, Kamleshwar Singh, and Pratibha Kushwaha\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Influence of Seasonal Variation on Biochemical Composition of Micro- and Macroalgae 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Pigments 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Carbohydrates\/Polysaccharides 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Fiber Content 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Proteins 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1 Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids (MAAs) 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.2 Phycobiliproteins and Lectins 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Lipids and PUFAs 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Inorganic Elements and Minerals 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Vitamins 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10 Phenolic Compounds 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11 Other Compounds 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12 Conclusion 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Advances in Drying and Milling Technologies for Algae 72\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eK.Y. Show, Y.G. Yan, and Duu-Jong Lee\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Algal Cell Drying Technologies 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Solar Drying 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Oven Drying 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Freeze Drying 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Rotary Drum Drying 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5 Incinerator Drying 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.6 Spray Drying 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.7 Heat Circulation Drying 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.8 Microwave Drying 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.9 Polypropylene Nonwoven Membrane Drying 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.10 Refractance Window\u003csup\u003e®\u003c\/sup\u003e Drying 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Algal Cell Milling Technologies 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Vortex-Bead Milling 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Shake-Bead Milling 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 High-Pressure Homogenization 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4 High-Speed Homogenization 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.5 Liquid Nitrogen Grinding 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Challenges and Prospects 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Processing Technology 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Energy Requirement 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Product Quality 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4 Environmental Impacts 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.5 Future Directions 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Conclusion 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Recent Advances in the Use of Greener Extraction Technologies for the Recovery of Valuable Bioactive Compounds from Algae 96\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMarco Garcia-Vaquero, Torres Sweeney, John O’Doherty, and Gaurav Rajauria\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Green Extraction Technologies and Applications 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4 Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.5 Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Combination Techniques 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Challenges and Future Perspectives 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Extraction Technologies for Functional Lipids 123\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eCalle Niemi and Francesco G. Gentili\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Conventional Extraction Techniques for Functional Lipids 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Application of Novel Extraction Technologies for Functional Lipids 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Algal Cell Disruption Methods 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Novel Extraction Methods 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Future Recommendations 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Extraction Technologies for Proteins and Peptides 141\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAriane Tremblay and Lucie Beaulieu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Conventional Extraction Techniques for Proteins and Peptides 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Cell Disruption Methods 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Chemical Extraction 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Enzymatic Processes 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4 Recovery\/Enrichment Techniques 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.5 Protein Extraction Methods in Proteomics 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Emerging Technologies for Proteins and Peptides 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Pulsed Arc Technology 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.4 Sub- and Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.5 High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) and Ultra-high Pressure Extraction (UHP) 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Conclusion and Future Outlook 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Extraction Technologies to Recover Dietary Polyphenols from Macro- and Microalgae 163\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eM. Shanmugam, Abirami Ramu Ganesan, and Gaurav Rajauria\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Conventional Extraction Techniques for Polyphenols 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE) 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Solid-Liquid Extraction (SLE) 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Innovative Extraction Technologies for Isolation of Polyphenols from Macroalgae 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Enzyme-Assisted Extraction (EAE) 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4 Subcritical Water Extraction (SWE) 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.5 Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.6 Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Factors Affecting Extraction 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 pH 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Solvents 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Challenges and Future Recommendations 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Extraction Technologies for Bioactive Polysaccharides 188\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRashida Qari and Rajeev Ravindran\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Polysaccharides in Seaweed 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Conventional Technologies for Polysaccharide Extraction 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Advanced Technologies for Polysaccharide Extraction 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.3 Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.4 Enzyme Assisted Extraction (EAE) 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Conclusion 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSection II Biological Properties of Algal Derived Compounds\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Potential Biological Activities Associated with Algal Derived Compounds 211\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eYvonne V. Yuan\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Antioxidant and Anticarcinogenic Activities of Macro- and Microalgal Constituents 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Mycosporine-like Amino Acids (MAAs) 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 Scytonemins 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.3 Pterins 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.4 Carotenes and Xanthophylls 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Antiobesogenic Biological Activities of Macroalgal Constituents 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Antidiabetic Biological Activities of Macroalgal Constituents 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Prebiotic Biological Activities of Macroalgal Constituents 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Immune System Biological Activities of Macroalgal Constituents 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Conclusion and Future Work 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Algal Polysaccharides and Their Biological Properties 231\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eKit-Leong Cheong, Valentina Jesumani, Bilal Muhammad Khan, Yang Liu, and Hong Du\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Structure of Marine Algae Polysaccharides 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Agar 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Alginates 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Carrageenan 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.4 Cellulose 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.5 Fucoidans 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.6 Laminarans 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.7 Mannans 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.8 Sulfated Rhamnans 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.9 Ulvans 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.10 Xylans 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Isolation and Purification of Polysaccharides from Algae 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 Isolation 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Purification 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Health-Promoting Activities of MAP 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Antioxidant Activity 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Immunomodulatory Activity 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.3 Anticancer Activity 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.4 Antiviral Activity 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.5 Antihyperlipidemic Activity 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.6 Anticoagulant Activity 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.7 Antimicrobial Activity 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Conclusion and Future Trends 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Marine Algal Derived Phenolic Compounds and their Biological Activities for Medicinal and Cosmetic Applications 278\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eLeslie Gager, Fanny Lalegerie, Solène Connan, and Valérie Stiger-Pouvreau\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Types and Structures of Phenolic Compounds from Algae 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Phenolic Compounds from Marine Cyanobacteria and Microalgae 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Phenolic Compounds from Green and Red Macroalgae 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3 Phenolic Compounds from Brown Macroalgae 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.4 Variability of Phenolic Content in Space and Time 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Isolation and Purification of Phenolic Compounds from Algae 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Importance of the Pretreatment of the Biomass 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 Extraction Procedures 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3 Quantification and Analyses of Phenolic Compounds 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Biological Properties of Phenolic Compounds in Health, Well-Being, and Cosmetics 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 Antioxidant Properties 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2 Antiallergenic and Anti-inflammatory Properties 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.3 Antidiabetic, Antiobesity Properties and Cardiovascular Protection 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.4 Antiproliferative and Anticancer Properties 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.5 Antimicrobial and Antiparasite Properties 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.6 Antiviral Activities 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.7 Mineralogenic and Osteogenic Activities 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.8 Photoprotective Properties 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.9 Biological Properties Specific to Cosmetics or Cosmeceuticals 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Potential Commercial Applications 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1 Interest in Health and Nutraceutical Ingredients 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.2 Interest in Cosmetics and Cosmeceutical Ingredients 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Conclusions and Future Trends 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Algal Carotenoids: Recovery and their Potential in Disease Prevention 335\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eV. Sivamurugan, D. Radhika, Abirami Ramu Ganesan, and S. Murugesan\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Types and Structure of Carotenoids in Microalgae 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 General Occurrence 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Carotenoids Isolated from Seaweeds 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Isolation and Purification of Carotenoids from Algae 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Conventional SLE 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2 Microwave and Ultrasound Promoted Extraction 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.3 SCF Extraction 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.4 Adsorbent Assisted Carotenoid Extraction 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.5 Ionic Liquid Mediated Carotenoid Extraction 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.6 Surfactant Assisted Extraction Method 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Biological Properties of Carotenoids and Possible Health Effects 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 Cancer Prevention 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 Antioxidant Activities 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.3 Antidiabetic Activity 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.4 Skin Diseases 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.5 Antimicrobial Activities 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.6 Wound Healing 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.7 Miscellaneous Biological Activities 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Potential Commercial Applications 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.1 Microalgal Carotenoids in Commercial Applications 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.2 Commercial Applications of Astaxanthin and Lutein 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.3 Macroalgal Carotenoids in Commercial Applications 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.4 Nutraceutical Supplements 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.5 Commercial Application of Algal Carotenoids in Feed 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Conclusions and Future Recommendations 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Algal Derived Functional Lipids and their Role in Promoting Health 370\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eNolwenn Terme, Benoît Chénais, Mathilde Fournière, Nathalie Bourgougnon, and Gilles Bedoux\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Types and Structures of Fatty Acids from Algae 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Isolation and Purification of FAs from Algae 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1 Isolation of FAs from Algae 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.2 Purification of FAs from Algae 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Health Properties of FAs 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1 Lipids, FAs from Seaweeds and Cosmetic or Cosmeceutical Uses 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2 Preventive Effects of n-3 PUFAs on CVD and Metabolic Syndrome 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.3 Contribution of n-3 PUFAs in Cancer Risk Factor Prevention and\/or Therapy 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.4 Antiviral Activities 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Potential Commercial Applications 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Conclusion and Future Trends 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Algal Proteins and Peptides: Current Trends and Future Prospects 418\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAbirami Ramu Ganesan, Shanmugam Munisamy, Rajeev Bhat, Palaniappan Seedevi, Kannan Mohan, and Shingo Matsukawa\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Isolation and Purification of Proteins from Algae 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Structural Characteristics of Micro- and Macroalgae Peptides 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.1 Structures of Peptides from Microalgae 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.2 Structure of Protein and Peptides from Macroalgae 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Protein and Peptide Extraction Methods from Algae 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.1 Physical Processes 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.2 Enzymatic Hydrolysis 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.3 Enzyme Assisted Extraction (EAE) 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.4 Ultrasound Assisted Extraction 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.5 Pulsed Electric Field 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.6 Microwave Assisted Extraction 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.7 Membrane Filtration 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.8 High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Biological Properties of Micro- and Macroalgal Peptides and Possible Health Effects 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.1 Antihypertensive Peptides 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.2 Anticancer Peptides and Proteins 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.3 Antioxidant Micro- and Macroalgal Peptides 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.4 Anti-Inflammatory Peptides 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.5 Algal Proteins and Peptides on Immunomodulation 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.6 Antiobesity Peptides 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.7 Antidiabetic Proteins and Peptides 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.8 Antimicrobial Algal Peptides 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.9 Biological Value of Algal Proteins in Human Nutrition 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Potential Commercial Applications of Micro- and Macroalgal Peptides and Proteins 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6.1 Microalgae Peptides and Proteins in Commercial Applications 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6.2 Macroalgal Peptides and Proteins in Commercial Applications 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 Conclusion and Future Recommendations 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Algal Dietary Fiber and its Health Benefits 446\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eShakeel Ramzan, Muhammad Mushtaq, Sumia Akram, and Ahmad Adnan\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Dietary Fiber 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1 Algae as a Source of Dietary Fiber 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2 Marine Algal Polysaccharides 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Physical Properties of Dietary Fiber (Dispersibility, Viscosity, Binding Capacity, Fermentability) 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.1 Dispersibility 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.2 Viscosity (η) 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.3 Binding Capacity 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.4 Fermentability 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Therapeutic Effect of Algal Dietary Fibers 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.1 Antihypertensive Effects 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.2 Antiobesity Attributes 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.3 Diabetes Control 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Potential Commercial Applications 458\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Conclusion and Future Recommendations 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSection III Application of Algae and Algal Components\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Applications of Algae and Algae Extracts in Human Food and Feed 467\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSara Amiri Samani, Maryam Jafari, Sayed Mohammad Sahafi, and Shahin Roohinejad\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Nutritional Composition of Algae 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Application of Whole Algae in Food Products 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.1 Muscle-Based Foods 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.2 Dairy Products 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.3 Cereal-Based Food Products 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.4 Beverages 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Application of Whole Algae in Feed 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Algal Extracts as Ingredients in Food Products 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.1 Proteins 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.2 Polysaccharides 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.3 Lipids 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.4 Pigments 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.5 Phenolic Compounds 480\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Conclusion and Future Recommendations 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Role of Algal Compounds for Human Health 487\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSidra Ehsan, Sumia Akram, Zohaib Saeed, Muhammad Pervaiz, and Muhammad Mushtaq\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Introduction 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Classification of Algae 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.1 Euglenophyta 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.2 Chrysophyta 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.3 Pyrrophyta 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.4 Chlorophyta (Green Algae) 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.5 Rhodophyta (Red Algae) 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.6 Phaeophyta (Brown Algae) 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.7 Xanthophyta 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Proximate Composition of Algae 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.1 Algal Carbohydrates 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.2 Proteinaceous Biomolecules in Algae 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.3 Algal Lipids 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.4 Algal Minerals 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.5 Algal Vitamins 500\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Commercial Importance of Macroalgae in Human Nutrition 500\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 502\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Advancements in Algae in Nutraceutical and Functional Food 506\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eFroylán M.E. Escalante and Daniel A. Pérez-Rico\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Introduction 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Algal Derived Molecules 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.1 Carbohydrates 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.2 Lipids 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.3 Proteins 513\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.4 Pigments 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Perspectives 524\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 526\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Role of Algal Derived Compounds in Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics 537\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMaría Lourdes Mourelle, Carmen P. Gómez, and José L. Legido\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Introduction 537\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Algae as a Source of Active Ingredients for Pharmaceutical Products 538\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2.1 Sulfated Polysaccharides and Other Phycocolloids 539\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2.2 Phlorotannins and Other Polyphenols 549\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2.3 Sterols 552\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2.4 PUFAs and Other Lipidic Compounds 554\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2.5 Carotenoids and Other Pigments 556\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2.6 Peptides and Proteins 557\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2.7 Other Bioactive Compounds 558\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Potential Pharmaceutical Formulations from Algae 559\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.1 Potential Anticancer, Cytotoxic, and Antiproliferative Pharmaceutical Formulations 559\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.2 Potential Antithrombotic, Anticoagulant, and Antihypertensive Pharmaceutical Formulations 561\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.3 Potential Antilipidemic and Anticholesterolemic Pharmaceutical Formulations 562\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.4 Potential Antiobesity and Antidiabetic Pharmaceuticals Formulations 562\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.5 Potential Antibacterial, Antiviral, and Antifungal Pharmaceutical Formulations 564\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.6 Potential Immunomodulatory Anti-Inflammatory Pharmaceutical Formulations 565\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.7 Potential Neuroprotective Pharmaceutical Formulations for Healthy Nervous System 565\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.8 Other Potential Pharmacological Formulations from Algae 566\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 Algae as a Source of Active Ingredients for Cosmeceuticals 567\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4.1 Polysaccharides 568\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4.2 Phenols and Polyphenols 575\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4.3 Terpenes 576\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4.4 Pigments 576\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4.5 PUFAs and Other Lipid Compounds 577\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4.6 Proteins and Amino Acids 577\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4.7 Other Compounds 578\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4.8 Algal Extracts 579\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Potential Cosmeceutical Formulations from Algae 580\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5.1 Moisturizing Cosmeceutical Formulations 581\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5.2 Antiaging and Photoageing Cosmeceutical Formulations 581\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5.3 Skin Whitening Cosmeceutical Formulations 582\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5.4 Other Potential Cosmeceutical Formulations 582\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6 Conclusion and Future Trends 583\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 584\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 Economic Status of Seaweed: Production, Consumption, Commercial Applications, Hazards, and Legislations 604\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAnushree Priyadarshini, Akanksha Priyadarshini, and Gaurav Rajauria\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1 Introduction 604\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 World Seaweed Utilization 605\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2.1 World Seaweed Production 605\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2.2 Trends in Seaweed Production and Consumption 605\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2.3 Economic Relevance of Seaweed 610\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3 Commercial Usage of Seaweed and Seaweed Functional Components 611\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3.1 Food Applications of Seaweed 611\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3.2 Nonfood Applications of Seaweed 612\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4 Hazards Associated with Seaweed Applications 612\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5 Legislation 613\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.6 Conclusion 614\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 614\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 617\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley and Sons Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49407078367575,"sku":"9781119542582","price":155.66,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119542582.jpg?v=1730498098","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/recent-advances-in-micro-and-macroalgal-processing-9781119542582","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}