{"product_id":"quantitative-microbial-risk-assessment-9781118145296","title":"Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eProvides the latest QMRA methodologies to determine infection risk cause by either accidental microbial infections or deliberate infections caused by terrorism\u003cbr\u003e Reviews the latest methodologies to quantify at every step of the microbial exposure pathways, from the first release of a pathogen to the actual human infection\u003cbr\u003e Provides techniques on how to gather information, on how each microorganism moves through the environment, how to determine their survival rates on various media, and how people are exposed to the microorganism\u003cbr\u003e Explains how QMRA can be used as a tool to measure the impact of interventions and identify the best policies and practices to protect public health and safety\u003cbr\u003e Includes new information on genetic methods\u003cbr\u003e Techniques use to develop risk models for drinking water, groundwater, recreational water, food and pathogens in the indoor environment\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1 Motivation 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrevalence of Infectious Disease 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrior Approaches 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScope of Coverage 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePotential Objectives of a QMRA 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSite-Specific Assessment 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnsemble of Sites 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecondary Transmission 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOutbreaks versus Endemic Cases 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2 Microbial Agents and Transmission 15\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMicrobial Taxonomy 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEukaryotes 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProkaryotes 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eViruses 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrions 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical Characterization 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMicroorganisms of Interest 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eViruses 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBacteria 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProtozoa 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransmission Routes 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInhalation 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDermal Exposure 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOral Ingestion 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3 Risk Assessment Paradigms 63\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical Risk Assessment: National Academy of Sciences Paradigm 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEcological Risk Assessment 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApproaches for Assessing Microbial Risks 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBackground 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe QMRA Framework 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHazard Identification 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDose–Response Assessment 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExposure Assessment 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRisk Characterization 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRisk Management 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of the QMRA Framework and Processes 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQMRA and the Safety of Water 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQMRA, Food Safety, and the HACCP System 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4 Conducting The Hazard Identification (HAZ ID) 91\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdentifying and Diagnosing Infectious Disease 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHealth Outcomes Associated with Microbial Infections 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSensitive Populations 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWomen during Pregnancy, Neonates, and Young Babies 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiabetes 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Elderly 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Immunocompromised 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDatabases for Statistical Assessment of Disease 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eICD Codes 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWaterborne and Foodborne Outbreaks 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpidemiological Methods for Undertaking HAZ ID 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eControlled Epidemiological Investigations 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHAZ ID Data Used in the Risk Assessment Process 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecommendations for Updating Quantitative Data for HAZ ID Information 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5 Analytical Methods and The QMRA Framework: Developing Occurrence and Exposure Databases 129\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApproaches for Developing Occurrence and Exposure Databases 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverview of Methodological Issues 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSampling Water 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSampling Surfaces and Food 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSampling Aerosols 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecific Techniques for Bacteria, Protozoa, and Viruses 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBacteria 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProtozoa 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eViruses 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMolecular Techniques 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProbes (FISH) 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTyping 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMetagenomics 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePCR and Quantitative PCR 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6 Exposure Assessment 159\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConducting the Exposure Assessment 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharacterizing Concentration\/Duration Distributions 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRandom (Poisson) Distributions of Organisms 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEstimation of Poisson Mean in Count Assay (Constant and Variable Volumes) 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCount Assay with Upper Limits 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEstimation with Quantal Assay 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGoodness of Fit to Poisson: Plate Assay 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGoodness of Fit: MPN 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConfidence Limits: Likelihood 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplications for Risk Assessment 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConsumption Distributions 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSystematic Subpopulation Differences 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfterword 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMicrosoft Excel 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMATLAB 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eR 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7 Predictive Microbiology 235\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eObjective 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBasic First-Order Processes and Deviations 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiological and Physical Bases for Deviations 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical Removal 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Decay Processes 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Forms of Decay and Reasons for Nonlinearity 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpontaneous\/Endogenous 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical Agents 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThermally Induced 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIonizing and Nonionizing Radiation 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePredation and Antagonism 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Growth Processes 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMathematical Modeling of Growth Curves 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubstrate Dependency 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStructured Growth Models 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncorporation of Decay into Growth Models 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSystems Biology Approaches 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDependence of Growth Parameters on Other Environmental Variables 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteracting Populations 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eData Sources 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8 Conducting The Dose–Response Assessment 267\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlausible Dose–Response Models 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFramework for Mechanistic Dose–Response Relationships 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExponential Dose–Response Model 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeta-Poisson Dose–Response Model 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSimple Threshold Models 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNegative Binomial Dose Distributions 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariable Threshold Models 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Mixture Models 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiological Arguments for One-Hit Models 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmpirical Models 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFitting Available Data 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Data Sets 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePotential Impacts of Immune Status 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelationship between Dose and Severity (Morbidity and Mortality) 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMorbidity Ratio (\u003ci\u003eP\u003c\/i\u003eD:I) 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMortality Ratio 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReality Checking: Validation 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eValidation: 1993 Milwaukee Outbreak 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUse of Indicators and Other Proxy Measures in Dose–Response 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndicator Methods 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMolecular Methods 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdvanced Topics in Dose–Response Modeling 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDose–Response–Time Models 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysiological Models 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 9 Uncertainty 323\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoint Estimates of Risk 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTerminology: Types of Uncertainty 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSources of Uncertainty 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSources of Variability 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariability that is Uncertain 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApproaches to Quantify Parametric Uncertainty 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLikelihood 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBootstrap 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Methods 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplications 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExposure Assessment 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDose–Response Assessment 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCombining Parametric Uncertainty from Multiple Sources 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePropagation Methods 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonte Carlo Analyses 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverall Risk Characterization Example 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecond-Order Methods 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModel Uncertainty and Averaging 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 10 Population Disease Transmission 377\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction: Models for Population and Community Illnesses 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBasic SIR Model 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncubation Period 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuration of Illness 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecondary Cases 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpact of Immunity 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOutbreak Detection 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 11 Risk Characterization and Decision Making 399\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eValuing Residual Outcomes 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClassical Economics 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDALYs and QALYs 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDecision Making 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCost–Benefit Analysis 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultivariate Approaches 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Aspects Entering into a Decision 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEquity and Justice Aspects 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 415\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53515635622231,"sku":"9781118145296","price":105.26,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/quantitative-microbial-risk-assessment-9781118145296","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}