{"product_id":"quality-of-life-outcomes-in-clinical-trials-and-healthcare-evaluation-9780470753828","title":"Quality of Life Outcomes in Clinical Trials and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAn essential, up-to-date guide to the design of studies and selection of the correct QoL instruments for observational studies and clinical trials. Quality of Life (QoL) outcomes or Person\/Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) are now frequently being used in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"The book covers a wide range of issues and techniques. ... Subjects are exposed clearly, with the obvious aim of being accessible to clinicians unfamiliar with mathematical formalism, and the methods are nicely illustrated with QoL data examples.\" (\u003ci\u003eJournal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics\u003c\/i\u003e, April 2010)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface.  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction\u003c\/b\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 What is quality of life?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Terminology.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 History.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Types of quality of life measures.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Why measure quality of life?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Further reading.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Measuring quality of life\u003c\/b\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Principles of measurement scales.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Indicator and causal variables.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 The traditional psychometric model.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Item response theory.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Clinimetricscal.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Measuring quality of life: indicator or causal items.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Developing and testing questionnaires.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Further reading.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Choosing a quality of life measure for your study\u003c\/b\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 How to choose between instruments.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Appropriateness.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Acceptability.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Feasibility.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Validity.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Reliability.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Responsiveness.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9 Precision.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10 Interpretability.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11 Finding quality of life instruments.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Design and sample size issues: How many subjects do I need for my study?\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Significance tests, \u003ci\u003eP\u003c\/i\u003e-values and power.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Sample sizes for comparison of two independent groups.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Choice of sample size method with quality of life outcomes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Paired data.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Equivalence\/non-inferiority studies.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Unknown standard deviation and effect size.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Cluster randomized controlled trials.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Non-response.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 Unequal groups.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11 Multiple outcomes\/endpoints.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.12 Three or more groups.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.13 What if we are doing a survey, not a clinical trial?.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.14 Sample sizes for reliability and method comparison studies.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.15 Post-hoc sample size calculations.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.16 Conclusion: Usefulness of sample size calculations.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.17 Further reading.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Reliability and method comparison studies for quality of life measurements.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Intra-class correlation coefficient.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Agreement between individual items on a quality of life questionnaire.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Internal consistency and Cronbach's alpha.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Graphical methods for assessing reliability or agreement between two quality of life measures or assessments.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Further reading.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Technical details.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Summarizing, tabulating and graphically displaying quality of life outcomes.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Graphs.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Describing and summarizing quality of life data.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Presenting quality of life data and results in tables and graphs.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Cross-sectional analysis of quality of life outcomes.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Hypothesis testing (using \u003ci\u003eP\u003c\/i\u003e-values).\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Estimation (using confidence intervals).\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Choosing the statistical method.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Comparison of two independent groups.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Comparing more than two groups.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Two groups of paired observations.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 The relationship between two continuous variables.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 Correlation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10 Regression.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11 Multiple regression.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.12 Regression or correlation?.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.13 Parametric versus non-parametric methods.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.14 Technical details: Checking the assumptions for a linear regression analysis.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Randomized controlled trials.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Randomized controlled trials.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Protocols.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Pragmatic and explanatory trials.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Patient flow diagram.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Comparison of entry characteristics.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Incomplete data.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9 Main analysis.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.10 Interpretation of changes\/differences in quality of life scores.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.11 Superiority and equivalence trials.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.12 Adjusting for other variables.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.13 Three methods of analysis for pre-test\/post-test control group designs.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.14 Cross-over trials.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.15 Factorial trials.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.16 Cluster randomized controlled trials.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.17 Further reading.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Exploring and modelling longitudinal quality of life data.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Summarizing, tabulating and graphically displaying repeated QoL assessments.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Time-by-time analysis.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Response feature analysis – the use of summary measures.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Modelling of longitudinal data.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Conclusions.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Advanced methods for analysing quality of life outcomes.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Bootstrap methods.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Bootstrap methods for confidence interval estimation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Ordinal regression.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Comparing two independent groups: Ordinal quality of life measures (with less than 7 categories).\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Proportional odds or cumulative logit model.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Continuation ratio model.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Stereotype logistic model.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9 Conclusions and further reading.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Economic evaluations.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Economic evaluations.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Utilities and QALYs.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Economic evaluations alongside a controlled trial.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Cost-effectiveness analysis.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Cost–effectiveness ratios.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Cost–utility analysis and cost–utility ratios.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Incremental cost per QALY.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9 The problem of negative (and positive) incremental cost–effectiveness ratios.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10 Cost-effectiveness acceptability curves.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.11 Further reading.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Meta-analysis.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Planning a meta-analysis.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Statistical methods in meta-analysis.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Presentation of results.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Conclusion.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Further reading.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Practical issues.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Missing data.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Multiplicity, multi-dimensionality and multiple quality of life outcomes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Guidelines for reporting quality of life studies.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSolutions to exercises.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix A: Examples of questionnaires.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix B: Statistical tables.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReferences.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49525392277847,"sku":"9780470753828","price":69.3,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780470753828.jpg?v=1731860340","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/quality-of-life-outcomes-in-clinical-trials-and-healthcare-evaluation-9780470753828","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}