{"product_id":"public-finance-of-the-dutch-republic-in-comparative-perspective-the-viability-of-an-early-modern-federal-state-1570s-1795-9789004341272","title":"Public Finance of the Dutch Republic in Comparative Perspective: The Viability of an Early Modern Federal State (1570s-1795)","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis study offers the first complete overview of the remarkable public finances of the Dutch Republic of the United Provinces. Wantje Fritschy has analysed the development and structure of its public revenue and expenditure. She argues that a ‘tax revolution’ and the ‘fiscal resilience’ of the provinces together were more important for its surprising performance than Holland’s public debt alone, and the institutional and economic characteristics of its ‘urban system’ were more important than wealth due to foreign trade. Comparisons with the fiscal systems of three more centralized states - the Venetian Republic, Britain and the Ottoman Empire - underline the crucial importance of  long-term ‘urbanization trajectories’ in understanding early-modern fiscal performance. It was not because it was federal that the Dutch Republic collapsed.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"The book is one of the most outstanding results of a long sequence of research that has seen the publication of important works and fundamental datasets on the Dutch public finance during the Ancien Regime. [...] The book is a splendid example of the passion of a scholar who has spent many years in researching and thinking\". Luciano Pezzolo, in  TIJDSCHRIFT SOCIALE \u0026amp; ECON.GESCHIEDENIS  16 (1), 2019.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PREFACE  GENERAL INTRODUCTION The question at stake Possible answers    Political institutions    Mentality    Economic factors    ‘Urban systems’ and state formation The approach of this book The structure of this book  PART ONE The development of the fiscal system of the Dutch Republic  Introduction: a new state 0.1 The Union of Utrecht: the start of a new state? 0.2 Historical backgrounds and institutional characteristics    From Revolt to Republic    The institutional legacy of the Habsburgs    The States General, Holland, the Council of State and the stadholder    The fiscal articles of the Union of Utrecht 0.3 The concept ‘public finance of the Dutch Republic’, the data and the estimates    Public finance of and in the Dutch Republic    The reliability of data and estimates  1. Financing the first phase of the revolt against Spain (1566-1572) 1.1 Calvinist donations and the credit of the Prince of Orange 1.2 A prince in search of new sources of finance 1.3 The first financial decisions of the ‘free’ States of Holland 1.4 Conclusion  2. From under-taxed part of an empire to heavily taxed republi 2.1 Holland and the Spanish Empire    Holland’s fiscal system under the Habsburgs    Alva’s attempt at centralization    Castile’s fiscal system 2.2 The development of Holland’s fiscal system until 1609    The increasing amounts needed for the war    Holland’s ‘tax revolution’    Direct and indirect taxes    The tax burden before and after the Revolt    Loans as a source of revenue: ‘short’ term obligations and long term annuities    Holland’s ‘real’ financial revolution    Holland’s fiscal system at the start of the Twelve Years Truce 2.3 The other provinces    The importance of Zeeland    The ‘general means’ and the States General    The ‘general means’ and the provinces: urban resistance and urban acceptance    The ‘quotas-system’ and the fiscal performance of the provinces 2.4 The financial scope of the ‘Generality’    Former royal domains and other confiscated property as sources of public revenue    Foreign financial support    Generality taxes    Generality-loans    Privateers booty and customs (‘convooien en licenten’) 2.5 Conclusion  3. Public finance of the Dutch Republic in the 17th and 18 th centuries 3.1 The increasing public expenditure of the Dutch Republic    War expenditure    Debt service    Other public expenditure 3.2 The resilience of the provincial revenue systems    The ‘institutional structure’ of the public revenue of the Republic    The ‘social-economic structure’ of the public revenue of the provinces    Price-increasing taxes on general consumption and tax riots    Price-increasing indirect taxes on ‘luxury’ consumption    The increasing role of direct taxation    The ‘tax morale’ of Dutch citizens    The tax burden in Holland and in Overijssel    ‘Capital’ or ‘coercion’: the role of loans in Dutch war finance    A comparison with the centralized tax system of 1807 3.3 Conclusion   PART TWO The fiscal system of the Dutch Republic in international comparative perspective  Introduction  4. A comparison with the Venetian Republic 4.1 Common characteristics and long term differences    Much in common    Differing long term domestic developments    Another maritime state and its ‘Year of Disaster’ 4.2 ‘Survive and prosper on the cheap’    The structure of public expenditure    A ‘peaceful republic’ and an ‘expenditure bottom’? 4.3 Taxation in a centralized and a federal urbanized republic    Differences in public revenue and in wealth    The fiscal contributions of ‘centre ’ and ‘periphery’ in the two republics 4.4 Differing debt developments    ‘Mountains of debt’, forced loans and ‘citizenship’    Voluntary loans based on trust and private interest    Debt sizes, interest burdens and interest rates    Public banks and public loans in both republics 4.5 Conclusion  5. A comparison with Great Britain 5.1 The comparability of Britain and the Netherlands 5.2 National public finance: a long term perspective 5.3 Public expenditure in two maritime states    Total public expenditure before and after c. 1690    A comparison of military expenditure before 1688    The structure of Dutch and British public expenditure since c. 1690 5.4 Public revenue in two commercial states    Total public revenue compared    Non-parliamentary and parliamentary taxation    Customs in a large monarchy and a small republic    Indirect taxation, urbanization and centralization    The EIC, the VOC and public revenue 5.5 A comparison of loan financing and public debt    Foreign merchants and the king’s subjects versus cities and citizens    Downing and the Dutch example    ‘1672’ in Britain    The long road of Britain’s ‘financial revolution’    A quantitative comparison of the British and the Dutch public debt 5.6 Conclusion  6. A comparison with the Ottoman Empire 6.1 Two incomparable states    Why was Ottoman public revenue so low? 6.2 Contrastive long term trajectories of state formation    Contrasting population developments    Contrasting patterns of land use    ‘State-driven’ versus ‘economy-driven’ urbanization trajectories    The consequences for public finance of different urbanization trajectories 6.3 A quantitative comparison of public revenue    The extremely low level of state revenue in the Ottoman Empire    The marginal importance of domestic indirect taxation    ‘Coin clipping’ as a source of public revenue 6.4 Deficits, ‘advance payments’, advances and debt    Iltizam    The malikane-system    The esham-system\t    Public debts and the interest prohibition 6.5 Conclusion  GENERAL CONCLUSION Epilogue  APPENDIX: The taxes in the Dutch Republic ABBREVIATIONS PRIMARY SOURCES AND DATABASES REFERENCES INDEX","brand":"Brill","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53210701529431,"sku":"9789004341272","price":136.8,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/public-finance-of-the-dutch-republic-in-comparative-perspective-the-viability-of-an-early-modern-federal-state-1570s-1795-9789004341272","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}