{"product_id":"practical-cardiovascular-medicine-9781119832706","title":"Practical Cardiovascular Medicine","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xx\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the Companion Website xxiv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 1. Coronary Artery Disease 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1. Non- ST- Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Definition types of myocardial infarction and pitfalls 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Clinical features ECG cardiac biomarkers and echocardiography in ACS 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Initial approach to acute chest pain presentations and the use of conventional and high- sensitivity troponins 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIV. Management of NSTEMI 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eV. General procedural management after coronary angiography: PCI CABG or medical therapy only 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVI. Discharge medications in NSTEMI 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVII. Prognosis 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 1. Complex angiographic disease- Moderate disease progression 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 2. Women and ACS elderly patients and ACS CKD 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 3. Bleeding transfusion patients on chronic warfarin or NOAC gastrointestinal bleed 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 4. Antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 5. Difference between plaque rupture and plaque erosion 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 6. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 7. Harmful effects of NSAIDs and cyclooxygenase- 2 inhibitors in CAD 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 8. Additional ideas on the physiology of hs- troponin- Role of hs- troponin in primary prevention 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions and answers 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2. ST- Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction 38\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1. Definition reperfusion and general management 39\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Definition 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Timing of reperfusion 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. ECG phases of STEMI 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2. Stemi Complications 50\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Cardiogenic shock 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Mechanical complications 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Recurrent infarction and ischemia 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 1. Out- of- hospital cardiac arrest: role of early coronary angiography and therapeutic hypothermia 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions and answers 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3. Stable Ischemic Heart Disease and Approach to Chronic Chest Pain 74\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Causes of angina and pathophysiology of coronary flow 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Diagnostic approach 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Silent myocardial ischemia. Is there a role for screening asymptomatic patients and post- PCI patients? 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 1. Notes on various surgical grafts 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 2. Coronary vasospasm (variant angina Prinzmetal angina) 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 3. Microvascular endothelial dysfunction 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 4. Women with chest pain and normal coronary arteries 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 5. Diagnostic strategy for ischemia with non- obstructed coronary arteries (INOCA) 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 6. Myocardial bridging 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 7. Coronary collaterals chronic total occlusion 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 8. Hibernation stunning ischemic preconditioning 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions and answers 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 2. Heart Failure (Chronic and Acute Heart Failure Specific Cardiomyopathies and Pathophysiology) 103\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4. Heart Failure 103\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefinition Types Causes and Diagnosis of Heart Failure 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1. Definition and types of heart failure 104\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Heart failure is diagnosed clinically not by echocardiography 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. After HF is defined clinically echocardiography is used to differentiate the three major types of HF 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Two additional types of HF 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2. Causes of heart failure 107\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Systolic HF or HF with reduced EF (HFrEF) 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. HF with preserved EF (HFpEF) 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Right HF 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3. Diagnostic tests 110\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Echocardiography 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. BNP 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. ECG 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIV. Coronary angiography and other ischemic tests 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChronic Treatment of Heart Failure 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1. Treatment of systolic heart failure 113\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Treat the underlying etiology: target BP and CAD 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Value of revascularization in ischemic cardiomyopathy: STICH trial 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2. Treatment of HFpEF 124\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcute Heart Failure and Acutely Decompensated Heart Failure 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Triggers of acute decompensation 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Profiles of acute HF: congestion without low cardiac output congestion with low cardiac output 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix 1. Management of isolated or predominant RV failure 135\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions and answers 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5. Additional Heart Failure Topics 156\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1. Specific cardiomyopathies 156\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Arrhythmia- induced cardiomyopathy 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Viral myocarditis 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2. Advanced heart failure: heart transplant and ventricular assist devices 163\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Stages of HF 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Cardiac transplantation 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3. Pathophysiology of heart failure and hemodynamic aspects 166\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. LV diastolic pressure in normal conditions and in HF (whether systolic or diastolic) 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Definition of afterload 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions and answers 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 3. Valvular Disorders 181\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6. Valvular Disorders 181\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1. Mitral regurgitation 182\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Mechanisms of mitral regurgitation 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Specifics of various causes of mitral regurgitation 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2. Mitral stenosis 192\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Etiology and natural history 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Diagnosis 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Treatment 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3. Aortic insufficiency 199\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Etiology 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Pathophysiology and hemodynamics 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Diagnosis 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4. Aortic stenosis 203\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Etiology 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Echo and catheterization diagnosis pitfalls and hemodynamics 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5. Tricuspid regurgitation and stenosis 213\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Etiology of tricuspid regurgitation 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Natural history of TR 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6. Pulmonic stenosis and regurgitation 216\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Pulmonic stenosis 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Pulmonic regurgitation 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7. Mixed valvular disease; radiation heart disease 217\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Mixed single- valve disease 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Multiple valvular involvement (combined stenosis or regurgitation of two different valves) 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Radiation heart disease 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8. Prosthetic valves 218\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Bioprosthesis versus mechanical prosthesis 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Determinants of valve degeneration and valve thrombosis; anticoagulation guidelines 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Particular cases: women who wish to become pregnant and dialysis patients 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIV. Echocardiographic follow- up of prosthetic valves 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eV. Complications 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9. Auscultation and summary ideas 223\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Auscultation and other physical findings 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. General ideas and workup 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions and answers 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 4. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 243\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 243\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Definition and features of HCM 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Natural history and mortality 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Symptoms and ECG 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions and answers 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 5. Arrhythmias and Electrophysiology 257\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8. Approach to Narrow and Wide QRS Complex Tachyarrhythmias 257\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. The unstable patient 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Initial approach to any tachycardia 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9. Ventricular Arrhythmias: Types and Management Sudden Cardiac Death 274\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Premature ventricular complexes 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Ventricular tachycardia 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions and answers 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10. Atrial Fibrillation 294\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Predisposing factors 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Types of AF 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. General therapy of AF 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eX. AF burden as a correlate and a driver of HF progression 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 1. Optimal heart rate and AF rate for optimal cardiac output 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 2. Antiarrhythmic drug therapy 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 3. Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation surgical ablation AV nodal ablation 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 4. INR follow- up in patients receiving warfarin- Non- vitamin K oral anticoagulants 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 5. Bridging anticoagulation in patients undergoing procedures 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 6. Management of elevated INR values 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 7. Left atrial appendage surgical and percutaneous closure 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 8. A common situation: AF and symptomatic pauses or bradycardia 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 9. DC cardioversion in patients with a slow ventricular response 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 10. AF occurring post- cardiac surgery and AF related to acute transient triggers 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 11. Brief asymptomatic runs of AF on device interrogation and association with stroke. Role of rhythm monitoring after cryptogenic stroke 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions and answers 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11. Atrial Flutter and Atrial Tachycardia 319\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Atrial flutter 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Focal atrial tachycardia 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) (or chaotic atrial tachycardia) 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions and answers 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12. Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia Atrioventricular Reciprocating Tachycardia Wolff–Parkinson– White Syndrome and Junctional Rhythms 329\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST) and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT) and Wolff–Parkinson–White (WPW) syndrome 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions and answers 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13. Bradyarrhythmias 345\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. AV block 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Sinus node dysfunction 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions and answers 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14. Permanent Pacemaker and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator 363\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Indications for permanent pacemaker implantation 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Types of cardiac rhythm devices 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix. Cases of PM troubleshooting 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions and answers 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15. Basic Electrophysiologic Study 390\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. General concepts; intracardiac electrograms 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. AV conduction abnormalities 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16. Action Potential Features and Propagation: Mechanisms of Arrhythmias Antiarrhythmic Drugs 403\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Action potential 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Action potential propagation and mechanisms of arrhythmias 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 6. Pericardial Disorders 411\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17. Pericardial Disorders 411\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1. Acute pericarditis 412\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Causes of acute pericarditis 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. History and physical findings 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2. Tamponade 414\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Definition 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Pathophysiology and hemodynamics 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3. Pericardial effusion 417\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Causes of a pericardial effusion with or without tamponade 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Management of asymptomatic effusions and role of pericardiocentesis 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4. Constrictive pericarditis 421\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Causes 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Pathophysiology and hemodynamics 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions and answers 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 7. Congenital Heart Disease 435\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18. Congenital Heart Disease 435\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1. Acyanotic congenital heart disease 435\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Atrial septal defect (ASD) 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Patent foramen ovale (PFO) 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2. Cyanotic congenital heart disease 444\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Pulmonary hypertension secondary to shunt 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Tetralogy of Fallot 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3. More complex cyanotic congenital heart disease and shunt procedures 447\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Functionally single ventricle and Fontan procedure 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Transposition of great arteries (TGA) 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions and answers 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 8. Peripheral Arterial Disease 457\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19. Peripheral Arterial Disease 457\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1. Lower extremity peripheral arterial disease 457\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Clinical tips 458\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Clinical classification of PAD: critical limb ischemia acute limb ischemia atheroembolization 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2. Carotid disease 466\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Assessment of carotid stenosis 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Medical therapy of carotid stenosis 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3. Renal artery stenosis 469\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Forms of renal artery stenosis 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Screening and indications to revascularize renal artery stenosis 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Notes 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions and answers 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20. Aortic Diseases 476\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Aortic dissection 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Thoracic aortic aneurysm 480\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Abdominal aortic aneurysm 484\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 9. Other Cardiovascular Disease States 487\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21. Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Vein Thrombosis 487\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1. Pulmonary embolism 487\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Presentation of pulmonary embolism and risk factors 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Probability of PE 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Initial workup 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2. Deep vein thrombosis 494\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Types 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Diagnosis 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3. Immune heparin- induced thrombocytopenia 494\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Incidence 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Diagnosis 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions and answers 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22. Shock and Fluid Responsiveness 499\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1. Shock 499\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Shock definition and mechanisms 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Goals of shock treatment 500\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2. Fluid Responsiveness 503\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix. Hemodynamic equations transfusion and miscellaneous concepts 505\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions and answers 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e23. Hypertension 511\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1. Hypertension 511\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Definition 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. ACC and ESC targets of therapy and rationale 512\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2. Acute severe hypertension: hypertensive emergencies and urgencies 521\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Definitions 521\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Treatment of hypertensive emergencies 521\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions and answers 523\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e24. Dyslipidemia 529\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Indications for therapy 529\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Notes on LDL HDL and triglycerides 530\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions and answers 534\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e25. Pulmonary Hypertension 538\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Definition 538\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Categories of PH 538\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions and answers 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e26. Syncope 547\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Neurally mediated syncope (reflex syncope) 547\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Orthostatic hypotension and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome 548\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Cardiac syncope 549\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions and answers 556\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e27. Chest Pain Dyspnea Palpitations 561\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1. Chest Pain 561\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Causes 561\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Features 562\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2. Acute Dyspnea 564\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Causes 564\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Notes 565\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Management 566\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3. Palpitations 567\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Causes 567\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Diagnosis 567\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e28. Infective Endocarditis and Cardiac Rhythm Device Infections 570\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1. Infective endocarditis 570\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Clinical diagnosis 570\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Echocardiography: timing and indications 570\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Organisms 571\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2. Cardiac rhythm device infections 574\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Organisms and mechanisms of infection 574\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Diagnosis 574\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e29. Preoperative Cardiac Evaluation 577\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Steps in preoperative evaluation 578\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Surgical risk: surgery’s risk and patient’s risk 578\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. CARP and DECREASE V trials 579\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions and answers 581\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e30. Miscellaneous Cardiac Topics: Cardiac Masses and Tumors Pregnancy HIV and Heart Disease Cocaine and the Heart Chemotherapy and Heart Disease Chest X‐Ray 584\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1. Cardiac masses 585\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Differential diagnosis of a cardiac mass 585\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Cardiac tumors; focus on atrial myxoma 585\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2. Pregnancy and heart disease 586\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. High‐risk cardiac conditions during which pregnancy is better avoided 587\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Cardiac conditions that are usually well tolerated during pregnancy but in which careful cardiac evaluation and clinical and echo follow‐up are warranted 587\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3. HIV and heart disease 590\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Pericardial disease 590\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4. Cocaine and the heart 590\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Myocardial ischemia 590\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Other cardiac complications of cocaine 591\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5. Chemotherapy and heart disease 591\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Cardiomyopathy 591\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Myocardial ischemia 592\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6. Chest X‐ray 593\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Chest X‐ray in heart failure 593\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Various forms of cardiomegaly 594\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions and answers 596\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 10. Cardiac Tests: Electrocardiography Echocardiography and Stress Testing 601\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e31. Electrocardiography 601\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Overview of ECG leads and QRS morphology 601\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Stepwise approach to ECG interpretation 604\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Rhythm and rate 605\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix 1. Supplement on STEMI and Q‐wave MI: phases and localization 653\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix 2. Spread of electrical depolarization in various disease states using vector illustration 658\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions and answers 659\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e32. Echocardiography 666\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1. General echocardiography 666\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. The five major echocardiographic views and the myocardial wall segments 666\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Global echo assessment of cardiac function and structure 666\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Doppler and assessment of valvular regurgitation and stenosis 676\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) views 703\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix. Note on LV mechanics and myocardial tissue strain 713\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e33. Stress Testing Nuclear Imaging Coronary CT Angiography cardiac MRI cardiopulmonary exercise testing 714\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Indications for stress testing 714\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Contraindications to all stress testing modalities 715\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Stress testing modalities 715\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 11 Cardiac Tests: Invasive Coronary and Cardiac Procedures 733\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e34. Angiographic Views: Coronary Arteries and Grafts Left Ventricle Aorta Coronary Anomalies Peripheral Arteries Carotid Arteries 733\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Right coronary artery 733\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Left coronary artery 734\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Coronary angiography views. Recognize the angle of a view: LAO vs. RAO cranial vs. caudal 735\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions and answers 765\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e35. Cardiac Catheterization Techniques Tips and Tricks 768\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. View for the engagement of the native coronary arteries: RAO vs. LAO 768\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Design of the Judkins and Amplatz catheters 768\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Engagement of the RCA 768\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e36. Hemodynamics 790\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Right heart catheter 790\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Overview of pressure tracings: differences between atrial ventricular and arterial tracings 790\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. RA pressure abnormalities 790\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 1. Advanced hemodynamic calculation: a case of shunt with pulmonary hypertension 808\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions and answers: Additional hemodynamic cases 809\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e37. Intracoronary Imaging 815\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) 815\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Image basics 815\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Plaque types 818\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) 823\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e38. Percutaneous Coronary Interventions and Complications Intra‐Aortic Balloon Pump Ventricular Assist Devices and Fractional Flow Reserve 826\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Major coronary interventional devices 826\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Stent thrombosis restenosis and neoatherosclerosis 828\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Peri‐PCI antithrombotic therapy 830\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions and answers 845\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix: General review questions 851\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1. Questions 851\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. NSTEMI and STEMI 851\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Stable CAD 855\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Heart failure and cardiomyopathies 858\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2. Answers 901\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 931\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49396207354199,"sku":"9781119832706","price":93.05,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119832706.jpg?v=1730415101","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/practical-cardiovascular-medicine-9781119832706","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}