{"product_id":"power-electronic-converters-for-microgrids-9780470824030","title":"Power Electronic Converters for Microgrids","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAs concerns about climate change, energy prices, and energy security loom, regulatory and research communities have shown growing interest in alternative energy sources and their integration into distributed energy systems.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAbout the Authors xi  \u003cp\u003ePreface xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Modes of Operation of Microgrid Converters 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.1 Grid Connection Mode 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.2 Stand-Alone Mode 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.3 Battery Charging Mode 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Converter Topologies 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Modulation Strategies 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Control and System Issues 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Future Challenges and Solutions 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Converter Topologies 13\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Topologies 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1 The Two-Level Converter 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.2 The NPC Converter 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.3 The CHB Converter 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Pulse Width Modulation Strategies 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Carrier-Based Strategies 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 SVM Strategies 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Modeling 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 DC-Link Capacitor Current and Sizing in NPC and CHB Inverters 29\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Inverter DC-Link Capacitor Sizing 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Analytical Derivation of DC-Link Capacitor Current RMS Expressions 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 NPC Inverter 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 CHB Inverter 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Analytical Derivation of DC-Link Capacitor Current Harmonics 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 NPC Inverter 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 CHB Inverter 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Numerical Derivation of DC-Link Capacitor Current RMS Value and Voltage Ripple Amplitude 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Simulation Results 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Discussion 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.1 Comparison of Capacitor Size for the NPC and CHB Inverters 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.2 Comparison of Presented Methods for Analyzing DC-Link Capacitor Current 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.3 Extension to Higher-Level Inverters 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Conclusion 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Loss Comparison of Two- and Three-Level Inverter Topologies 51\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Selection of IGBT-Diode Modules 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Switching Losses 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Switching Losses in the Two-Level Inverters 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Switching Losses in the NPC Inverter 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Switching Losses in the CHB Inverter 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Conduction Losses 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Conduction Losses in the Two-Level Inverter 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Conduction Losses in the NPC Inverter 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3 Conduction Losses in the CHB Inverter 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 DC-Link Capacitor RMS Current 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Results 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Conclusion 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Minimization of Low-Frequency Neutral-Point Voltage Oscillations in NPC Converters 73\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 NPC Converter Modulation Strategies 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Minimum NP Ripple Achievable by NV Strategies 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Locally Averaged NP Current 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Effect of Switching Constraints 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Zero-Ripple Region 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.4 A Lower Boundary for the NP Voltage Ripple 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Proposed Band-NV Strategies 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Criterion Used by Conventional NV Strategies 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Proposed Criterion 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 Regions of Operation 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.4 Algorithm 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.5 Switching Sequences – Conversion to Band-NV 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Performance of Band-NV Strategies 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 NP Voltage Ripple 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 Effective Switching Frequency – Output Voltage Harmonic Distortion 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Simulation of Band-NV Strategies 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Hybrid Modulation Strategies 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.1 Proposed Hybrid Strategies 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.2 Simulation Results 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Conclusions 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Digital Control of a Three-Phase Two-Level Grid-Connected Inverter 109\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Control Strategy 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Digital Sampling Strategy 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Effect of Time Delay on Stability 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Capacitor Current Observer 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Design of Feedback Controllers 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Simulation Results 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Experimental Results 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 Conclusions 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Design and Control of a Grid-Connected Interleaved Inverter 131\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Ripple Cancellation 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Hardware Design 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Hardware Design Guidelines 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Application of the Design Guidelines 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Controller Structure 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 System Analysis 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Effect of Passive Damping and Grid Impedance 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 Effect of Computational Time Delay 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.3 Grid Disturbance Rejection 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Controller Design 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Simulation and Practical Results 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Conclusions 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Repetitive Current Control of an Interleaved Grid-Connected Inverter 171\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Proposed Controller and System Modeling 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 System Analysis and Controller Design 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Simulation Results 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Experimental Results 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Conclusions 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Line Interactive UPS 185\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 System Overview 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Core Controller 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Virtual Impedance and Grid Harmonics Rejection 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Power Flow Controller 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Drooping Control Equations 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Small Signal Analysis 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.3 Stability Analysis and Drooping Coefficients Selection 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 DC Link Voltage Controller 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Experimental Results 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Conclusions 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Microgrid Protection 221\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Key Protection Challenges 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Fault Current Level Modification 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Device Discrimination 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Reduction in Reach of Impedance Relays 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.4 Bidirectionality and Voltage Profile Change 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.5 Sympathetic Tripping 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.6 Islanding 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.7 Effect on Feeder Reclosure 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Possible Solutions to Key Protection Challenges 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 Possible Solutions to Key Protection Challenges for an Islanded Microgrid Having IIDG Units 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Case Study 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Fault Level Modification 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Blinding of Protection 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.3 Sympathetic Tripping 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.4 Reduction in Reach of Distance Relay 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.5 Discussion 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Conclusions 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 An Adaptive Relaying Scheme for Fuse Saving 239\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.1 Preventive Solutions Proposed in the Literature 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.2 Remedial Solutions Proposed in the Literature 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.3 Contributions of the Chapter 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Case Study 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Simulation Results and Discussion 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Fuse Saving Strategy 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 Options and Considerations for the Selection of Ipickup of the 50 Element 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2 Adaptive Algorithm 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 How Reclosing Will Be Applied 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Observations 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Conclusions 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix A SVM for the NPC Converter–MATLAB®-Simulink Models 261\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.1 Calculation of Duty Cycles for Nearest Space Vectors 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2 Symmetric Modulation Strategy 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.3 MATLAB®-Simulink Models 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix B DC-Link Capacitor Current Numerical Calculation 281\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 285\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49402430751063,"sku":"9780470824030","price":98.96,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/power-electronic-converters-for-microgrids-9780470824030","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}