{"product_id":"population-genetics-9781118436943","title":"Population Genetics","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNow updated for its second edition, Population Genetics is the classic, accessible introduction to the concepts of population genetics.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface and acknowledgements xiv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the companion websites xvi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Thinking like a population geneticist 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1   Expectations 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParameters and parameter estimates 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInductive and deductive reasoning 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Theory and assumptions 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Simulation 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 1.1 The textbook website 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 1 review 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Genotype frequencies 8\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Mendel’s model of particulate genetics 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Hardy–Weinberg expected genotype frequencies 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 2.1 Genotype frequencies for one locus with two alleles 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Why does Hardy–Weinberg work? 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Applications of Hardy–Weinberg 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForensic DNA profiling 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 2.1 The expected genotype frequency for a DNA profile 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTesting Hardy–Weinberg expected genotype frequencies 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBox 2.1 DNA profiling 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssuming Hardy–Weinberg to test alternative models of inheritance 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 2.2 Proving allele frequencies are obtained from expected genotype frequencies 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 2.3 Inheritance for corn kernel phenotypes 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 The fixation index and heterozygosity 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 2.2 Assortative mating and genotype frequencies 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBox 2.2 Protein locus or allozyme genotyping 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Mating among relatives 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpacts of non-random mating on genotype and allele frequencies 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoancestry coefficient and autozygosit, 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBox 2.3 Locating relatives using genetic genealogy methods 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhenotypic consequences of mating among relatives 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe many meanings of inbreeding 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Hardy–Weinberg for two loci 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGametic disequilibrium 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical linkage 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural selection 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 2.3 Gametic disequilibrium under both recombination and natural selection 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMutation 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMixing of diverged populations 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMating system 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePopulation size 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 2.4 Estimating genotypic disequilibrium 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 2 review 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd-of-chapter exercises 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box answers 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Genetic drift and effective population size 57\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 The effects of sampling lead to genetic drift 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 3.1 Genetic drift 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Models of genetic drift 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe binomial probability distribution 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 3.1 Applying the binomial formula 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMath box 3.1 Variance of a binomial variable 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarkov chains 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 3.2 Genetic drift simulated with a markov chain model 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 3.2 Constructing a transition probability matrix 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe diffusion approximation of genetic drift 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Effective population size 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 3.3 Estimating N e from information about N 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Parallelism between Drift and mating among relatives 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 3.3 Heterozygosity over time in a finite population 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Estimating effective population size 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifferent types of effective population size 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 3.4 Estimating N e from allele frequencies and heterozygosity over time 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBreeding effective population size 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffective population sizes of different genomes 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Gene genealogies and the coalescent model 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 3.5 Sampling lineages in a Wright–Fisher population 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMath box 3.2 Approximating the probability of a coalescent event with the exponential distribution 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 3.6 Build your own coalescent genealogies 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Effective population size in the coalescent model 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 3.7 Simulating gene genealogies in populations with different effective sizes 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoalescent genealogies and population bottlenecks 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoalescent genealogies in growing and shrinking populations 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 3.8 Coalescent genealogies in populations with changing size 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Genetic drift and the coalescent with other models of life history 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 3 review 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd of chapter exercises 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box answers 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Population structure and gene flow 115\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Genetic populations 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBox 4.1 Are allele frequencies random or clumped in two dimensions? 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Gene flow and its impact on allele frequencies in multiple subpopulations 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContinent-island model 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwo-island model 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 4.1 Continent-island model of gene flow 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 4.2 Two-island model of gene flow 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Direct measures of gene flow 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 4.1 Calculate the probability of a random haplotype match and the exclusion probability 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 4.3 Average exclusion probability for a locus 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Fixation indices to summarize the pattern of population subdivision 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 4.2 Compute F\u003csub\u003eIS\u003c\/sub\u003e, F\u003csub\u003eST\u003c\/sub\u003e, and F\u003csub\u003eIT\u003c\/sub\u003e 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEstimating fixation indices 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Population subdivision and the Wahlund effect 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 4.4 Simulating the Wahlund effect 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 4.3 Impact of population structure on a DNA-profile match probability 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Evolutionary models that predict patterns of population structure 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInfinite island model 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMath box 4.1 The expected value of F ST in the infinite island model 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 4.4 Expected levels of F ST for Y-chromosome and organelle loci 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 4.5 Simulate F\u003csub\u003eIS\u003c\/sub\u003e, F\u003csub\u003eST\u003c\/sub\u003e, and F\u003csub\u003eIT\u003c\/sub\u003e in the finite island model 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStepping-stone and metapopulation models 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIsolation by distance and by landscape connectivity 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMath box 4.2 Analysis of a circuit to predict gene flow across a landscape 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Population assignment and clustering 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaximum likelihood assignment 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBayesian assignment 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 4.6 Genotype assignment and clustering 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMath box 4.3 Bayes Theorem 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmpirical assignment methods 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 4.7 Visualizing principle components analysis 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 The impact of population structure on genealogical branching 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCombining coalescent and migration events 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 4.8 Gene genealogies with migration between two demes 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe average length of a genealogy with migration 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMath box 4.4 Solving two equations with two unknowns for average coalescence times 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 4 review 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd of chapter exercises 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box answers 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Mutation 183\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 The source of all genetic variation 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEstimating mutation rates 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvolution of mutation rates 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 The fate of a new mutation 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChance a mutation is lost due to mendelian segregation 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFate of a new mutation in a finite population 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 5.1 Frequency of neutral mutations in a finite population 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMutations in expanding populations 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeometric model of mutations fixed by natural selection 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMuller’s ratchet and the fixation of deleterious mutations 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 5.2 Muller’s Ratchet 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Mutation models 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMutation models for discrete alleles 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 5.3 R\u003csub\u003est\u003c\/sub\u003e and F\u003csub\u003est\u003c\/sub\u003e as examples of the consequences of different mutation models 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMutation models for DNA sequences 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBox 5.1 Single nucleotide polymorphisms 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 The influence of mutation on allele frequency and autozygosity 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMath box 5.1 Equilibrium allele frequency with two-way mutation 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 5.4 Simulating irreversible and two-way mutation 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 5.5 Heterozygosity and homozygosity with two-way mutation 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 The coalescent model with mutation 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 5.6 Build your own coalescent genealogies with mutation 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 5 review 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd-of-chapter exercises 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Fundamentals of natural selection 220\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Natural selection 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural selection with clonal reproduction 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 6.1 Relative fitness of HIV genotypes 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural selection with sexual reproduction 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMath box 6.1 The change in allele frequency each generation under natural selection 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 General results for natural selection on a diallelic locus 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelection against a recessive phenotype 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelection against a dominant phenotype 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral dominance 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeterozygote disadvantage 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeterozygote advantage 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMath box 6.2 Equilibrium allele frequency with overdominance 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe strength of natural selection 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 How natural selection works to increase average fitness 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAverage fitness and rate of change in allele frequency 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 6.2 Mean fitness and change in allele frequency 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 6.1 Natural selection on one locus with two alleles 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe fundamental theorem of natural selection 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Ramifications of the one locus, two allele model of natural selection 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Classical and Balance Hypotheses 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow to explain levels of allozyme polymorphism, 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 6 review 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd-of-chapter exercises 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box answers 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Further models of natural selection 250\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Viability selection with three alleles or two loci 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural selection on one locus with three alleles 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 7.1 Marginal fitness and Δp for the Hb C allele 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 7.1 Natural selection on one locus with three or more alleles 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural selection on two diallelic loci 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Alternative models of natural selection 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural selection via different levels of fecundity 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural selection with frequency-dependent fitness 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMath box 7.1 The change in allele frequency with frequency-dependent selection 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 7.2 Frequency-dependent natural selection 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural selection with density-dependent fitness 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 7.3 Density-dependent natural selection 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Combining natural selection with other processes 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural selection and genetic drift acting simultaneously 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenetic differentiation among populations by natural selection 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 7.4 The balance of natural selection and genetic drift at a diallelic locus 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe balance between natural selection and mutation 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenetic load 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 7.5 Natural selection and mutation 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMath box 7.2 Mean fitness in a population at equilibrium for balancing selection 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Natural selection in genealogical branching models 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDirectional selection and the ancestral selection graph 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 7.2 Resolving possible selection events on an ancestral selection graph 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 7.6 Build an ancestral selection graph 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenealogies and balancing selection 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Shifting balance theory 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAllele combinations and the fitness surface 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWright’s view of allele frequency distribution 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvolutionary scenarios imagined by wright 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCritique and controversy over shifting balance 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 7 review 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd-of-chapter exercises 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box answers 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Molecular evolution 296\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Neutral theory 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePolymorphism 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDivergence 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNearly neutral theory 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 8.1 Compare the neutral theory and nearly neutral theory 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe selectionist–neutralist debates 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Natural selection 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHitch-hiking and rates of divergence 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmpirical studies 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Measures of divergence and polymorphism 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBox 8.1 DNA sequencing 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDNA divergence between specie, 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDNA sequence divergence and saturation 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 8.2 Compare nucleotide substitution models 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDNA polymorphism measured by segregating sites and nucleotide diversity 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 8.3 Estimating π and S from DNA sequence data 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 DNA sequence divergence and the molecular clock 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDating events with the molecular clock 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 8.1 Estimating divergence times with the molecular clock 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 8.4 Molecular clock estimates of evolutionary events 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Testing the molecular clock hypothesis and explanations for rate variation in molecular evolution 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe molecular clock and rate variation 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAncestral polymorphism and poisson process molecular clock 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMath box 8.1 The dispersion index with ancestral polymorphism and divergence 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelative rate tests of the molecular clock 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatterns and causes of rate heterogeneity 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Testing the neutral theory null model of DNA sequence polymorphism 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHKA test of neutral theory expectations for DNA sequence evolution 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe McDonald–Kreitman (MK) test 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMismatch distributions 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTajima’s D 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 8.2 Computing Tajima’s D from DNA sequence data 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Recombination in the genealogical branching model 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 8.5 Build an ancestral recombination graph 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConsequences of recombination 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 8 review 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd-of-chapter exercises 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box answers 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Quantitative trait variation and evolution 359\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Quantitative traits 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 9.1 Phenotypic distribution produced by Mendelian inheritance of three diallelic loci 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComponents of phenotypic variation 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComponents of genotypic variation (V\u003csub\u003eG\u003c\/sub\u003e) 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInheritance of additive (V\u003csub\u003eA\u003c\/sub\u003e), dominance (V\u003csub\u003eD\u003c\/sub\u003e), and epistasis (V\u003csub\u003eI\u003c\/sub\u003e) genotypic variation 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenotype-by-environment interaction (V\u003csub\u003eG×E\u003c\/sub\u003e) 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional sources of phenotypic variance 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMath box 9.1 Summing two variances 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Evolutionary change in quantitative traits 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeritability and the Breeder’s equation 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChanges in quantitative trait mean and variance due to natural selection 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMath box 9.2 Selection differential with truncation selection 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEstimating heritability by parent–offspring regression 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 9.1 Estimating heritability with parent-offspring regression 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResponse to selection on correlated traits 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 9.2 Response to natural selection on two correlated traits 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLong-term response to selection 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 9.3 Response to selection and the number of loci that cause quantitative trait variation 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeutral evolution of quantitative traits 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 9.4 Effective population size and genotypic variation in a neutral quantitative trait 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Quantitative trait loci (QTL) 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQTL mapping with single marker loci,394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 9.2 Compute the effect and dominance coefficient of a QTL 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQTL mapping with multiple marker loci 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 9.3 Derive the expected marker-class means for a backcross mating design 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLimitations of QTL mapping studies 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenome-wide association studies 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiological significance of identifying QTL 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 9.5 Effect sizes and response to selection at QTLs 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 9 review 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd-of-chapter exercises 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box answers 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 The Mendelian basis of quantitative trait variation 413\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 The connection between particulate inheritance and quantitative trait variation 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScale of genotypic values 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 10.1 Compute values on the genotypic scale of measurement for IGF1 in dogs 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Mean genotypic value in a population 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Average effect of an allele 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMath box 10.1 The average effect of the A 1 allele 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 10.2 Compute average effects for IGF1 in dogs 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Breeding value and dominance deviation 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 10.1 Average effects, breeding values, and dominance deviations 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDominance deviation 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Components of total genotypic variance 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 10.2 Components of total genotypic variance, V G  430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMath box 10.2 Deriving the total genotypic variance, V G  430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Genotypic resemblance between relatives 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 10 review 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd-of-chapter exercises 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box answers 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix 436\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem A.1 Estimating the variance 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box A.1 The central limit theorem 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.1 Covariance and Correlation 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box answers 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 468 \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley and Sons Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default 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