{"product_id":"plant-biotechnology-and-genetics-9781118820124","title":"Plant Biotechnology and Genetics","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFocused on basics and processes, this textbook teaches plant biology and agriculture applications. Each chapter contains questions geared toward facilitating classroom discussions and includes inspirational autobiographical essays from eminent scientists.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eForeword xvi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContributors xviii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xx\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1. The Impact of Biotechnology on Plant Agriculture 1\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGraham Brookes\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0 Chapter Summary and Objectives 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0.1 Summary 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0.2 Discussion Questions 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Cultivation of Biotechnology (GM) Crops 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Why Farmers Use Biotech Crops 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 GM’s Effects on Crop Production and Farming 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 How the Adoption of Plant Biotechnology has Impacted the Environment 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.1 Environmental Impacts from Changes in Insecticide and Herbicide Use 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.2 Impact on GHG Emissions 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Conclusions 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 1.1 Norman E. Borlaug 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 1.2 Mary-Dell Chilton 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 1.3 Robert T. Fraley 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2. Mendelian Genetics and Plant Reproduction 20\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMatthew D. Halfhill and Suzanne I. Warwick\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.0 Chapter Summary and Objectives 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.0.1 Summary 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.0.2 Discussion Questions 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Overview of Genetics 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Mendelian Genetics 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Law of Segregation 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Law of Independent Assortment 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Mitosis and Meiosis 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Mitosis 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Meiosis 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Recombination 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.4 Cytogenetic Analysis 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.5 Mendelian Genetics and Biotechnology Summary 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Plant Reproductive Biology 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 History of Research in Plant Reproduction 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Mating Systems 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 Hybridization and Polyploidy 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.4 Mating Systems and Biotechnology Summary 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Conclusion 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 2.1 Richard A. Dixon 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 2.2 Michael L. Arnold 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3. Plant Breeding 43\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eNicholas A. Tinker and Elroy R. Cober\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.0 Chapter Summary and Objectives 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.0.1 Summary 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.0.2 Discussion Questions 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Central Concepts in Plant Breeding 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Simple vs. Complex Inheritance 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Phenotype vs. Genotype 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Mating Systems, Varieties, Landraces, and Pure Lines 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Other Topics in Population and Quantitative Genetics 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5 The Value of a Plant Variety Depends on Many Traits 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.6 A Plant Variety Must Be Environmentally Adapted 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.7 Plant Breeding is a Numbers Game 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.8 Plant Breeding is an Iterative and Collaborative Process 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.9 Diversity, Adaptation, and Ideotypes 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.10 Other Considerations 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Objectives in Plant Breeding 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Methods of Plant Breeding 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Methods of Hybridization 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Self‐Pollinated Species 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Outcrossing Species 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4 Clonally Propagated Species 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Breeding Enhancements 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 Doubled Haploidy 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 Marker‐Assisted Selection 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.3 Mutation Breeding 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.4 Apomixis 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Conclusions 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 3.1 Gurdev Singh Khush 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 3.2 P. Stephen Baenziger 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 3.3 Steven D. Tanksley 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4. Plant Development and Physiology 78\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGlenda E. Gillaspy\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.0 Chapter Summary and Objectives 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.0.1 Summary 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.0.2 Discussion Questions 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Plant Anatomy and Morphology 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Embryogenesis and Seed Germination 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Gametogenesis 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Fertilization 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Fruit Development 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4 Embryogenesis 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.5 Seed Germination 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.6 Photomorphogenesis 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Meristems 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Shoot Apical Meristem 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Root Apical Meristem and Root Development 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Leaf Development 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Leaf Structure 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Leaf Development Patterns 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Flower Development 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Floral Evocation 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Floral Organ Identity and the ABC Model 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Hormone Physiology and Signal Transduction 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1 Seven Plant Hormones and Their Actions 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2 Plant Hormone Signal Transduction 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Conclusions 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 4.1 Deborah Delmer 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 4.2 Natasha Raikhel 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 4.3 Brenda S.J. Winkel 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5. Tissue Culture: The Manipulation of Plant Development 107\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eVinitha Cardoza\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.0 Chapter Summary and Objectives 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.0.1 Summary 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.0.2 Discussion Questions 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 History of Tissue Culture 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Media and Culture Conditions 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Basal Media 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Growth Regulators 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Sterile Technique 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Clean Equipment 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Surface Sterilization of Explants 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Culture Conditions and Vessels 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Culture Types and Their Uses 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1 Callus and Somatic Embryo Culture 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2 Cell Suspension Cultures 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3 Anther\/Microspore Culture 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.4 Protoplast Culture 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.5 Somatic Hybridization 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.6 Embryo Culture 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.7 Meristem Culture 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Regeneration Methods of Plants in Culture 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.1 Organogenesis 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.2 Somatic Embryogenesis 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.3 Synthetic Seeds 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Rooting of Shoots 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 Acclimation 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10 Problems that can Occur in Tissue Culture 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.1 Culture Contamination 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.2 Hyperhydricity 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.3 Browning of Explants 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11 Conclusions 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 5.1 Glenn Burton Collins 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 5.2 Martha S. Wright 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 5.3 Vinitha Cardoza 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6. Molecular Genetics of Gene Expression 133\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMaria Gallo and Alison K. Flynn\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.0 Chapter Summary and Objectives 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.0.1 Summary 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.0.2 Discussion Questions 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 The Gene 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1 DNA Coding for a Protein via the Gene 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.2 DNA as a Polynucleotide 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 DNA Packaging into Eukaryotic Chromosomes 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Transcription 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Transcription of DNA to Produce Messenger Ribonucleic Acid 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Transcription Factors 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Coordinated Regulation of Gene Expression 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.4 Chromatin as an Important Regulator of Transcription 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.5 Regulation of Gene Expression by DNA Methylation 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.6 RNA‐Directed Gene Silencing by Small RNAs 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.7 Processing to Produce Mature mRNA 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Translation 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Initiation of Translation 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Elongation Phase of Translation 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 Translation Termination 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Protein Postranslational Modification 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 6.1 Maarten Chrispeels 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 6.2 David W. Ow 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7. Plant Systems Biology 155\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eWusheng Liu and C. Neal Stewart, Jr.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.0 Chapter Summary and Objectives 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.0.1 Summary 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.0.2 Discussion Questions 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Defining Plant Systems Biology 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Properties of Plant Systems 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 A Framework of Plant Systems Biology 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Comprehensive Quantitative Data Sets 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Network Analysis 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3 Dynamic Modeling 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.4 Exploring Systems and Models Toward Refinement 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Disciplines and Enabling Tools of Plant Systems Biology 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Plant Genomics 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 Plant Transcriptomics 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.3 Plant Proteomics 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.4 Plant Metabolomics 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.5 Bioinformatics 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Conclusions 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 7.1 C. Robin Buell 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 7.2 Zhenbiao Yang 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8. Recombinant DNA, Vector Design, and Construction 181\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMark D. Curtis and David G.J. Mann\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.0 Chapter Summary and Objectives 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.0.1 Summary 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.0.2 Discussion Questions 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 DNA Modification 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 DNA Vectors 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 DNA Vectors for Plant Transformation 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Components for Efficient Gene Expression in Plants 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Greater Demands Lead to Innovation 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 “Modern” Cloning Strategies 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Vector Design 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Vectors for High‐Throughput Functional Analysis 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 Vectors for Gene Down‐Regulation Using RNA Interference (RNAi) 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.3 Expression Vectors 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.4 Vectors for Promoter Analysis 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.5 Vectors Derived from Plant Sequences 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.6 Vectors for Multigenic Traits 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Targeted Transgene Insertions 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Prospects 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 8.1 Wayne Parrott 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 8.2 David Mann 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9. Genes and Traits of Interest 211\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eKenneth L. Korth\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.0 Chapter Summary and Objectives 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.0.1 Summary 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.0.2 Discussion Questions 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Identifying Genes of Interest via Genomics and other Omics Technologies 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Traits for Improved Crop Production Using Transgenics 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Herbicide Resistance 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Insect Resistance 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3 Pathogen Resistance 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.4 Traits for Improved Products and Food Quality 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Conclusion 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 9.1 Dennis Gonsalves 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 9.2 Ingo Potrykus 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10. Promoters and Marker Genes 233\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eWusheng Liu, Brian Miki and C. Neal Stewart, Jr.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.0 Chapter Summary and Objectives 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.0.1 Summary 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.0.2 Discussion Questions 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Promoters 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Constitutive Promoters 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Tissue‐Specific Promoters 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Inducible Promoters 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.4 Synthetic Promoters 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Marker Genes 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 Selectable Marker Genes 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Reporter Genes 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Marker‐Free Strategies 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Conclusions 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 10.1 Fredy Altpeter 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 10.2 Taniya Dhillon 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11. Transgenic Plant Production 262\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJohn J. Finer\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.0 Chapter Summary and Objectives 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.0.1 Summary 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.0.2 Discussion Questions 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Overview of Plant Transformation 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.1 Introduction 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.2 Basic Components for Successful Gene Transfer to Plant Cells 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Agrobacterium Tumefaciens 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 History of Agrobacterium Research 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Use of the T‐DNA Transfer Process for Transformation 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3 Optimizing Delivery and Broadening the Taxonomical Range of Targets 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.4 Strain and Cultivar Compatibility 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.5 Agroinfiltration 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.6 Arabidopsis Floral Dip (Clough and Bent 1998) 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Particle Bombardment 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 History of Particle Bombardment 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 The Fate of the Introduced DNA into Plant Cells 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3 The Power and Problems of Direct DNA Introduction 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.4 Improvements in the Control of Transgene Expression 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Other Methods of Transformation 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 The Need for Additional Technologies 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2 Protoplasts 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.3 Whole Tissue Electroporation 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.4 Silicon Carbide Whiskers 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.5 Viral Vectors 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.6 Laser Micropuncture 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.7 Nanofiber Arrays 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 The Rush to Publish 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1 Controversial Reports of Plant Transformation 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.2 Criteria to Consider in Judging Novel Plant Transformation Methods 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 A Look to the Future 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 11.1 Ted Klein 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 11.2 John Finer 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 11.3 Kan Wang 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12. Analysis of Transgenic Plants 293\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eC. Neal Stewart, Jr.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.0 Chapter Summary and Objectives 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.0.1 Summary 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.0.2 Discussion Questions 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Essential Elements of Transgenic Plant Analysis 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Assays for Transgenicity, Insert Copy Number, and Segregation 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 Polymerase Chain Reaction 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Quantitative PCR 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.3 Southern (DNA) Blot Analysis 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.4 Segregation Analysis of Progeny 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Transgene Expression 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Transcript Abundance 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2 Protein Abundance 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Knockdown or Knockout Analysis Rather than Overexpression Analysis 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 The Relationship Between Molecular Analyses and Phenotype 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 12.1 Hong S. Moon 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 12.2 Neal Stewart 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 12.3 Nancy A. Reichert 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13. Regulations and Biosafety 311\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAlan McHughen\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.0 Chapter Summary and Objectives 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.0.1 Summary 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.0.2 Discussion Questions 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 History of Genetic Engineering and Its Regulation 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Regulation of GM Plants 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1 New Technologies 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.2 US Regulatory Agencies and Regulations 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.3 European Union 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.4 Canada 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.5 International Perspectives 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Regulatory Flaws and Invalid Assumptions 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1 Conventional Plant Breeding has Higher Safety than Biotechnology‐Derived GM 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2 GMOs Should Be Regulated Because They’re GMOs and Un‐natural 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.3 Even though Product Risk is Important, It is Reasonable that Process (GMO) Should Trigger Regulation 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.4 Since GM Technology is New, It Might Be Hazardous and Should Be Regulated 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.5 If We Have a Valid Scientific Test, Then It Should Be Used in Regulations 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.6 Better Safe than Sorry: Overregulation is Better than Underregulation 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Conclusion 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 13.1 Alan McHughen 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 13.2 Raymond D. Shillito 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14. Field Testing of Transgenic Plants 333\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDetlef Bartsch, Achim Gathmann, Christiane Saeglitz and Arti Sinha\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.0 Chapter Summary and Objectives 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.0.1 Summary 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.0.2 Discussion Questions 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Environmental Risk Assessment Process 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.1 Initial Evaluation (Era Step 1) 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.2 Problem Formulation (ERA Step 2) 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.3 Controlled Experiments and Gathering of Information (ERA Step 3) 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.4 Risk Evaluation (ERA Step 4) 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.5 Progression through a Tiered Risk Assessment 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 An Example Risk Assessment: The Case of Bt Maize 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.1 Effect of Bt Maize Pollen on Nontarget Caterpillars 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.2 Statistical Analysis and Relevance for Predicting Potential Adverse Effects on Butterflies 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Proof of Safety Versus Proof of Hazard 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Modeling the Risk Effects on a Greater Scale 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Proof of Benefits: Agronomic Performance 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 Conclusions 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 14.1 Tony Shelton 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 14.2 Detlef Bartsch 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15. Intellectual Property in Agricultural Biotechnology: Strategies for Open Access 347\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMonica Alandete‐Saez, Cecilia Chi‐Ham, Gregory Graff, Sara Boettiger and Alan B. Bennett\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.0 Chapter Summary and Objectives 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.0.1 Summary 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.0.2 Discussion Questions 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Intellectual Property and Agricultural Biotechnology 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1.1 What is Intellectual Property? 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1.2 What is a Patent? 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 The Relationship Between Intellectual Property and Agricultural Research 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Patenting Plant Biotechnology: Has an Anti‐Commons Developed? 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.1 Transformation Methods 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.2 Selectable Markers 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.3 Promoters 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.4 Subcellular Localization 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.5 The Importance of Combining IP‐Protected Components in Transgenic Crops 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 What is Freedom to Operate (FTO)? 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.1 The Importance of FTO 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.2 FTO Case Study: the Tomato E8 Promoter 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Strategies for Open Access 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Conclusions 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 15.1 Alan Bennett 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 15.2 Maud Hinchee 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16. Why Transgenic Plants Are So Controversial 366\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJennifer Trumbo and Douglas Powell\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.0 Chapter Summary and Objectives 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.0.1 Summary 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.0.2 Discussion Questions 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.1 The Frankenstein Backdrop 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.2 Agricultural Innovations and Questions 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Perceptions of Risk 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Responses of Fear 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Feeding Fear: Case Studies 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.1 Pusztai’s Potatoes 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.2 Monarch Butterfly Flap 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 How Many Benefits are Enough? 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Continuing Debates 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6.1 Process vs. Product 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6.2 Health Concerns 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6.3 Environmental Concerns 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6.4 Consumer Choice 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7 Business and Control 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8 Conclusions 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 16.1 Tony Conner 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 16.2 Channapatna S. Prakash 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17. The Future: Advanced Plant Biotechnology, Genome Editing, and Synthetic Biology 383\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eWusheng Liu and C. Neal Stewart, Jr.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.0 Chapter Summary and Objectives 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.0.1 Summary 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.0.2 Discussion Questions 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Introduction: The Birth of Synthetic Biology 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Defining Synthetic Biology for Plants 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.1 Design Cycles of Synthetic Biology 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.2 Foundations of Synthetic Biology 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.3 Components of Plant Synthetic Biology 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Enabling Tools for Plant Synthetic Biology 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.1 Computer‐Aided Design 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.2 Synthetic Promoters 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.3 Precise Genome Editing 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Synthetic Biology Applications in Plants 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4.1 Synthetic Inducible Promoters 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4.2 A Device for Monitoring Auxin‐Induced Plant IAA Degradation in Yeast 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4.3 Circuits for Phytosensing of Explosives or Bacterial Pathogens in Transgenic Plants 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Conclusions 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 17.1 Joshua Yuan 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Box 17.2 Wusheng Liu 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 402\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49406928650583,"sku":"9781118820124","price":89.06,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/plant-biotechnology-and-genetics-9781118820124","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}