{"product_id":"perspectives-on-structure-and-mechanism-in-organic-chemistry-9781119808619","title":"Perspectives on Structure and Mechanism in","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePERSPECTIVES ON STRUCTURE AND MECHANISM IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Beyond the basics physical organic chemistry textbook, written for advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students Based on the author's first-hand classroom experience, Perspectives on Structure and Mechanism in Organic Chemistry uses complementary conceptual models to give new perspectives on the structures and reactions of organic compounds, with the overarching goal of helping students think beyond the simple models of introductory organic chemistry courses. Through this approach, the text better prepares readers to develop new ideas in the future. In the 3rd Edition, the author thoroughly updates the topics covered and reorders the contents to introduce computational chemistry earlier and to provide a more natural flow of topics, proceeding from substitution, to elimination, to addition. About 20% of the 438 problems have been either replaced or updated, with answers available in the companion solutions manual. To remind students of the human aspect of science, the text uses the names of investigators throughout the text and references material to original (or accessible secondary or tertiary) literature as a guide for students interested in further reading. Sample topics covered in Perspectives on Structure and Mechanism in Organic Chemistry include: Fundamental concepts of organic chemistry, covering atoms and molecules, heats of formation and reaction, bonding models, and double bondsDensity functional theory, quantum theory of atoms in molecules, Marcus Theory, and molecular simulationsAsymmetric induction in nucleophilic additions to carbonyl compounds and dynamic effects on reaction pathwaysReactive intermediates, covering reaction coordinate diagrams, radicals, carbenes, carbocations, and carbanionsMethods of studying organic reactions, including applications of kinetics in studying reaction mechanisms and Arrhenius theory and transition state theory A comprehensive yet accessible reference on the subject, Perspectives on Structure and Mechanism in Organic Chemistry is an excellent learning resource for students of organic chemistry, medicine, and biochemistry. The text is ideal as a primary text for courses entitled Advanced Organic Chemistry at the upper undergraduate and graduate levels.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1 Fundamental Models of Organic Chemistry 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Atoms and Molecules 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBasic Concepts 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMolecular Dimensions 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Heats of Formation and Reaction 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExperimental Determination of Heats of Formation 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBond Increment Calculation of Heats of Formation 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup Increment Calculation of Heats of Formation 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeats of Formation and the Concept of Protobranching 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHomolytic and Heterolytic Bond Dissociation Energies 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Bonding Models 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElectronegativity and Bond Polarity 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComplementary Theoretical Models of Bonding 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePictorial Representations of Bonding Concepts 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003esp\u003csup\u003e3\u003c\/sup\u003e Hybridization 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAre There sp\u003csup\u003e3\u003c\/sup\u003e Hybrid Orbitals in Methane? 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHybridization and Molecular Geometry 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariable Hybridization 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Complementary Models for the Double Bond 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe σ,π Description of Ethene 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Bent Bond Description of Ethene 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePredictions of Physical Properties with the Two Models 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 The Role of Complementary Models in Organic Chemistry 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2 Introduction to Computational Chemistry 53\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Hückel Molecular Orbital Theory 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrelation of Physical Properties with Results of HMO Calculations 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Parameters Generated Through HMO Theory 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProperties of Odd Alternant Hydrocarbons 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Frost Circle 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Aromaticity 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBenzene 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Aromatic Systems 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePolycyclic Conjugated Systems 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLarger Annulenes 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDewar Resonance Energy and Absolute Hardness 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Contemporary Computational Methods 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtended Hückel Theory 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSemiempirical Methods 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAb Initio Theory 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Localized Molecular Orbitals 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerturbational Molecular Orbital Theory 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAtoms in Molecules 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Density Functional Theory 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Another Look at Valence Bond Theory 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResonance Structures and Resonance Energies 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterpreting Computational Results 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3 Stereochemistry 127\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Representations of Three-Dimensional Structures 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Stereoisomerism 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIsomerism 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSymmetric, Asymmetric, Dissymmetric, and Nondissymmetric Molecules 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFischer Projections 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Stereochemical Designations 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Physical Manifestations of Chirality 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOptical Activity 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConfiguration and Optical Activity 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Physical Properties of Stereoisomers 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Stereotopicity 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStereochemical Relationships of Substituents 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChirotopicity and Stereogenicity 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4 Molecular Geometry and Steric Energy 183\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Designation of Molecular Conformation 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Conformational Analysis 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTorsional Strain 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003evan der Waals Strain 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAngle Strain and Baeyer Strain Theory 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplication of Conformational Analysis to Cycloalkanes 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConformational Analysis of Substituted Cyclohexanes 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Molecular Mechanics 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Anomeric Effect 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Strain and Molecular Stability 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5 Reactive Intermediates 243\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Reaction Coordinate Diagrams 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Radicals 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEarly Evidence for the Existence of Radicals 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDetection and Characterization of Radicals 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStructure and Bonding of Radicals 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThermochemical Data for Radicals 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneration of Radicals 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadical Chain Reactions 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Carbenes 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStructure and Geometry of Carbenes 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneration of Carbenes 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReactions of Carbenes 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Carbocations 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCarbonium Ions and Carbenium Ions 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStructure and Geometry of Carbocations 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe 2-Norbornyl Cation 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCarbocation Rearrangements 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadical Cations 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Carbanions 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneration of Carbanions 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStability of Carbanions 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReactions of Carbanions 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Choosing Models of Reactive Intermediates 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6 Determining Reaction Mechanisms 305\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Reaction Mechanisms 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Methods to Determine Reaction Mechanisms 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdentification of Reaction Products 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDetermination of Intermediates 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrossover Experiments 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIsotopic Labeling 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStereochemical Studies 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolvent Effects 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComputational Studies 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Applications of Kinetics in Studying Reaction Mechanisms 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Arrhenius Theory and Transition State Theory 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Reaction Barriers and Potential Energy Surfaces 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Kinetic Isotope Effects 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrimary Kinetic Isotope Effects 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecondary Kinetic Isotope Effects 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTunneling and Isotope Effects 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolvent Isotope Effects 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Substituent Effects 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Linear Free Energy Relationships 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7 Acid and Base Catalysis of Organic Reactions 393\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Acidity and Basicity of Organic Compounds 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcid–Base Measurements in Solution 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcid–Base Reactions in the Gas Phase 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparison of Gas Phase and Solution Acidities 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcidity Functions 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Acid and Base Catalysis of Chemical Reactions 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecific Acid Catalysis 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Acid Catalysis 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrønsted Catalysis Law 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Acid and Base Catalysis of Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds and Carboxylic\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcid Derivatives 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAddition to the Carbonyl Group 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnolization of Carbonyl Compounds 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHydrolysis of Acetals 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Esters 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlkaline Hydrolysis of Esters 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHydrolysis of Amides 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8 Substitution Reactions 449\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Nucleophilic Aliphatic Substitution 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 The S\u003csub\u003eN\u003c\/sub\u003e1 Reaction 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKinetics 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStructural Effects in S\u003csub\u003eN\u003c\/sub\u003e1 Reactions 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolvent Polarity and Nucleophilicity 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolvated Ions and Ion Pairs 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnchimeric Assistance in S\u003csub\u003eN\u003c\/sub\u003e1 Reactions 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNonclassical Carbocations in S\u003csub\u003eN\u003c\/sub\u003e1 Reactions 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 The S\u003csub\u003eN\u003c\/sub\u003e2 Reaction 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStereochemistry 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolvent Effects 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubstrate Effects 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Quantitative Measures of Nucleophilicity 480\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrønsted Correlations 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHard–Soft Acid–Base Theory and Nucleophilicity 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEdwards Equations 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSwain-Scott Equation 484\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMayr Equations 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe α-Effect 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaving Group Effects in S\u003csub\u003eN\u003c\/sub\u003e2 Reactions 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAliphatic Substitution and Single Electron Transfer 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe S\u003csub\u003eE\u003c\/sub\u003eA\u003csub\u003er\u003c\/sub\u003e Reaction 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuantitative Measurement of S\u003csub\u003eE\u003c\/sub\u003eA\u003csub\u003er\u003c\/sub\u003e Rate Constants: Partial Rate Factors 498\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLewis Structures as Models of Reactivity in S\u003csub\u003eE\u003c\/sub\u003eA\u003csub\u003er\u003c\/sub\u003e Reactions 500\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Nucleophilic Aromatic and Vinylic Substitution 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNucleophilic Aromatic Substitution 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNucleophilic Vinylic Substitution 509\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Substitution Involving Benzyne Intermediates 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9 Radical-Nucleophilic Substitution 518\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.10 The Impermanence of Mechanistic Labels 521\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 521\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 9 Elimination Reactions 529\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 529\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Dehydrohalogenation and Related 1,2-Elimination Reactions 534\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePotential Energy Surfaces for 1,2-Elimination 534\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompetition Between Substitution and Elimination 540\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStereochemistry of 1,2-Elimination Reactions 541\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElimination Reactions to Produce Alkynes 547\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegiochemistry of 1,2-Elimination Reactions 548\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Other 1,2-Elimination Reactions 558\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDehalogenation of Vicinal Dihalides 558\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDehydration of Alcohols 561\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeamination of Amines 568\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePyrolytic Eliminations 572\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 578\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 10 Addition Reactions 587\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 587\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Addition of Halogens to Alkenes 588\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElectrophilic Addition of Bromine to Alkenes 588\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of Charge-Transfer Complexes in Bromine Addition Reactions 592\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKinetics of Bromine Addition Reactions 593\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolvent Effects in Bromine Additions 596\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReversibility of Bromine Addition 598\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntermediates in the Addition of Bromine to Alkyl-Substituted Alkenes 599\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntermediates in the Addition of Bromine to Aryl-Substituted Alkenes 604\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary of Bromine Addition 608\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAddition of Other Halogens to Alkenes 609\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Other Addition Reactions 618\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAddition of Hydrogen Halides to Alkenes 618\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHydration of Alkenes 625\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOxymercuration 628\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHydroboration 632\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpoxidation 637\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElectrophilic Addition to Alkynes and Cumulenes 639\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNucleophilic Addition to Alkenes and Alkynes 647\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNucleophilic Addition to Carbonyl Compounds 651\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 656\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 11 Pericyclic Reactions 661\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 661\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Electrocyclic Transformations 665\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefinitions and Selection Rules 665\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMO Correlation Diagrams 670\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eState Correlation Diagrams 675\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Sigmatropic Reactions 678\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelection Rules for Sigmatropic Reactions 679\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Examples of Sigmatropic Reactions 687\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Cycloaddition Reactions 691\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 691\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEthene Dimerization 692\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Diels–Alder Reaction 694\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelection Rules for Cycloaddition Reactions 698\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Other Pericyclic Reactions 705\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCheletropic Reactions 705\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDouble Group Transfer Reactions 707\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEne Reactions 709\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 A General Selection Rule for Pericyclic Reactions 711\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Alternative Conceptual Models for Pericyclic Reactions 713\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrontier Molecular Orbital Theory 713\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHückel and Möbius Aromaticity of Transition Structures 719\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSynchronous and Nonsynchronous Pericyclic Reactions 725\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePotential Energy Surfaces and Ambimodal Reactions 729\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Reaction Dynamics and Potential Energy Surfaces 729\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 735\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 12 Organic Photochemistry 745\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Energy and Electronic States 745\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Photophysical Processes 747\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDesignation of Spectroscopic Transitions 748\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelection Rules for Radiative Transitions 754\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFluorescence and Phosphorescence 756\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnergy Transfer and Electron Transfer 759\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Photochemical Kinetics 763\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eActinometry and Quantum Yield Determinations 763\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRate Constants for Unimolecular Processes 764\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransient Detection and Monitoring 765\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBimolecular Decay of Excited States: Stern–Volmer Kinetics 768\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Physical Properties of Excited States 770\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcidity and Basicity in Excited States 770\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBond Angles and Dipole Moments of Excited-State Molecules 774\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Representative Photochemical Reactions 777\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhotochemical Reactions of Alkenes and Dienes 778\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhotochemical Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds 790\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhotochemical Reactions of α,ß-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds 798\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhotochemical Reactions of Aromatic Compounds 800\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhotosubstitution Reactions 802\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eσ Bond Photodissociation Reactions 803\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSinglet Oxygen and Organic Photochemistry 808\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Applications of Organic Photochemistry 811\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 822\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences for Selected Problems 831\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 837 \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49407159173463,"sku":"9781119808619","price":111.56,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119808619.jpg?v=1730498378","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/perspectives-on-structure-and-mechanism-in-organic-chemistry-9781119808619","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}