{"product_id":"passive-macromodeling-9781118094914","title":"Passive Macromodeling","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOffers an overview of state of the art passive macromodeling techniques with an emphasis on black-box approaches  This book offers coverage of developments in linear macromodeling, with a focus on effective, proven methods.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Why Macromodeling? 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Scope 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Macromodeling Flows 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Macromodeling via Model Order Reduction 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Macromodeling from Field Solver Data 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3 Macromodeling from Measured Responses 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Rational Macromodeling 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Physical Consistency Requirements 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Time-Domain Implementation 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 An Example 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 What Can Go Wrong? 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Linear Time-Invariant Circuits and Systems 23\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Basic Definitions 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1 Linearity 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.2 Memory and Causality 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.3 Time Invariance 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.4 Stability 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.5 Passivity 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Linear Time-Invariant Systems 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Impulse Response 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Properties of LTI Systems 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Frequency-Domain Characterizations 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Laplace and Fourier Transforms 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Bilateral Laplace Transform and Transfer Matrices 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Causal LTI Systems and the Unilateral Laplace Transform 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 Fourier Transform 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Signal and System Norms\u003csup\u003e∗\u003c\/sup\u003e 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 Signal Norms 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 System Norms 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Multiport Representations 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1 Ports and Terminals 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.2 Immittance Representations 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.3 Scattering Representations 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.4 Reciprocity 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Passivity 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.1 Power and Energy 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.2 Passivity and Causality 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.3 The Static Case 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.4 The Dynamic Case 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.5 Positive Realness Bounded Realness and Passivity 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.6 Some Examples 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Stability and Causality 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8.1 Laplace-Domain Conditions for Causality 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8.2 Laplace-Domain Conditions for BIBO Stability 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8.3 Causality and Stability 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Boundary Values and Dispersion Relations\u003csup\u003e∗\u003c\/sup\u003e 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.1 Assumptions 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.2 Reconstruction of H(\u003ci\u003es\u003c\/i\u003e) for \u003ci\u003es\u003c\/i\u003e ∈ ℂ\u003csub\u003e+\u003c\/sub\u003e 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.3 Reconstruction of H(\u003ci\u003es\u003c\/i\u003e) for \u003ci\u003es\u003c\/i\u003e ∈ jℝ 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.4 Causality and Dispersion Relations 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.5 Generalizations 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10 Passivity Conditions on the Imaginary Axis\u003csup\u003e∗\u003c\/sup\u003e 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Lumped LTI Systems 73\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 An Example from Circuit Theory 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.1 Variation on a Theme 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.2 Driving-Point Impedance 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 State-Space and Descriptor Forms 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Singular Descriptor Forms 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Internal Representations of Lumped LTI Systems 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 The Zero-Input Response 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Internal Stability 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Lyapunov Stability 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Internal Stability of LTI Systems 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 The Lyapunov Equation 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 The Zero-State Response 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1 Impulse Response 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Operations on State-Space Systems 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.1 Interconnections 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.2 Inversion 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.3 Similarity Transformations 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Gramians 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.1 Observability 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.2 Controllability 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.3 Minimal Realizations 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9 Reciprocal State-Space Systems 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10 Norms 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10.1 \u003ci\u003eL\u003c\/i\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e Norm 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10.2 \u003ci\u003eH\u003c\/i\u003e\u003csub\u003e∞\u003c\/sub\u003e Norm 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Distributed LTI Systems 103\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 One-Dimensional Distributed Circuits 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.1 The Discrete-Space Case 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2 The Continuous-Space Case 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.3 Discussion 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Two-Dimensional Distributed Circuits\u003csup\u003e∗\u003c\/sup\u003e 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 The Discrete-Space Case 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 The Continuous-Space Case 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 A Closed-Form Solution 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4 Spatial Discretization 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.5 Discussion 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 General Electromagnetic Characterization 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 3D Electromagnetic Modeling 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Summary and Outlook 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Macromodeling Via Model Order Reduction 135\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Model Order Reduction 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Moment Matching 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Moments 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Padé Approximation and AWE 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Complex Frequency Hopping 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Reduction by Projection 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Krylov Subspaces 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Implicit Moment Matching: The Orthogonal Case 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 The Arnoldi Process 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.4 PRIMA 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.5 Multipoint Moment Matching 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.6 An Example 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.7 Implicit Moment Matching: The Biorthogonal Case 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.8 Padé Via Lanczos (PVL) 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Reduction by Truncation 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Balancing 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Balanced Truncation 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Advanced Model Order Reduction\u003csup\u003e∗\u003c\/sup\u003e 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Passivity-Preserving Balanced Truncation 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 Balanced Truncation of Descriptor Systems 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.3 Reducing Large-Scale Systems 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Black-Box Macromodeling and Curve Fitting 169\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Basic Curve Fitting 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1 Linear Least Squares 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.2 Maximum Likelihood Estimation 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.3 Polynomial Fitting 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Direct Rational Fitting 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Polynomial Ratio Form 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Pole–Zero Form 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Partial Fraction Form 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4 Partial Fraction Form with Fixed Poles 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.5 Nonlinear Least Squares 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Linearization via Weighting 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Asymptotic Pole–Zero Placement 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 ARMA Modeling 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Modeling from Time-Domain Responses 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 Modeling from Frequency Domain Responses 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3 Conversion of ARMA Models 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Prony’s Method 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Subspace-Based Identification\u003csup\u003e∗\u003c\/sup\u003e 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.1 Discrete-Time State-Space Systems 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.2 Macromodeling from Impulse Response Samples 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.3 Macromodeling from Input–Output Samples 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.4 From Discrete-Time to Continuous-Time State-Space Models 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.5 Frequency-Domain Subspace Identification 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.6 Generalized Pencil-of-Function Methods 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.7 Examples 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Loewner Matrix Interpolation\u003csup\u003e∗\u003c\/sup\u003e 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.1 The Scalar Case 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.2 The Multiport Case 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 The Vector Fitting Algorithm 225\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 The Sanathanan–Koerner Iteration 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1 The Steiglitz–McBride Iteration 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 The Generalized Sanathanan–Koerner Iteration 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 General Basis Functions 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 The Partial Fraction Basis 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Frequency-Domain Vector Fitting 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 A Simple Model Transformation 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Computing the New Poles 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 The Vector Fitting Iteration 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4 From GSK to VF 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Consistency And Convergence 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Consistency 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Convergence 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3 Formal Convergence Analysis 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Practical VF Implementation 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Causality Stability and Realness 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 Order Selection and Initialization 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.3 Improving Numerical Robustness 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Relaxed Vector Fitting 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1 Weight Normalization Noise and Convergence 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.2 Relaxed Vector Fitting 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Tuning VF 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.1 Weighting and Error Control 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2 High-Frequency Behavior 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.3 High-Frequency Constraints 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.4 DC Point Enforcement 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.5 Simultaneous Constraints 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Time-Domain Vector Fitting 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 z-Domain Vector Fitting 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10 Orthonormal Vector Fitting 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10.1 Orthonormal Rational Basis Functions 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10.2 The OVF Iteration 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10.3 The OVF Pole Relocation Step 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10.4 Finding Residues 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11 Other Variants 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11.1 Magnitude Vector Fitting 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11.2 Vector Fitting with \u003ci\u003eL\u003c\/i\u003e\u003csub\u003e1\u003c\/sub\u003e Norm Minimization 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11.3 Dealing with Higher Pole Multiplicities 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11.4 Including Higher Order Derivatives 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11.5 Hard Relocation of Poles 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.12 Notes on Overfitting and Ill-Conditioning 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.12.1 Exact Model Identification 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.12.2 Curve Fitting 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.13 Application Examples 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.13.1 Surface Acoustic Wave Filter 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.13.2 Subnetwork Equivalent 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.13.3 Transformer Modeling from Time-Domain Measurements 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Advanced Vector Fitting for Multiport Problems 307\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Adapting VF to Multiple Responses 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Pole Identification 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Fast Vector Fitting 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Residue Identification 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Multiport Formulations 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Single-Element Modeling: Multi-SISO Structure 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Single-Column Modeling: Multi-SIMO Structure 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 Matrix Modeling: MIMO Structure 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.4 Matrix Modeling: Minimal Realizations 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.5 Sparsity Considerations 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Enforcing Reciprocity 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 External Reciprocity 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 Internal Reciprocity\u003csup\u003e∗\u003c\/sup\u003e 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Compressed Macromodeling 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1 Data Compression 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2 Compressed Rational Approximation 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.3 An Application Example 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Accuracy Considerations 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.1 Noninteracting Models 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.2 Interacting Models Scalar Case 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.3 Error Magnification in Multiport Systems 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Overcoming Error Magnification 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.1 Elementwise Inverse Weighting 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.2 Diagonalization 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.3 Mode-Revealing Transformations 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.4 Modal Vector Fitting 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.5 External and Internal Ports 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Passivity Characterization of Lumped LTI Systems 365\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Internal Characterization of Passivity 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.1 A First Order Example 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.2 The Dissipation Inequality 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.3 Lumped LTI Systems 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Passivity of Lumped Immittance Systems 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Rational Positive Real Matrices 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 Extracting Purely Imaginary Poles 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.3 The Positive Real Lemma 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.4 Positive Real Functions Revisited 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.5 Popov Functions and Spectral Factorizations 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.6 Hamiltonian Matrices 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.7 Passivity Characterization via Hamiltonian Matrices 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.8 Determination of Local Passivity Violations 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.9 Quantification of Passivity Violations via Bisection 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.10 Quantification of Passivity Violations via Sampling 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.11 Frequency Transformations 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.12 Extended Hamiltonian Pencils 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.13 Generalized Hamiltonian Pencils 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.14 Positive Real Lemma for Descriptor Systems 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Passivity of Lumped Scattering Systems 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Rational Bounded Real Matrices 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 The Bounded Real Lemma 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3 Bounded Real Functions Revisited 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.4 Popov Functions Spectral Factorizations and Hamiltonian Matrices 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.5 Passivity Characterization via Hamiltonian Matrices 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.6 Determination of Local Passivity Violations 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.7 Quantification of Passivity Violations via Bisection 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.8 Quantification of Passivity Violations via Sampling 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.9 Extended Hamiltonian Pencils 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.10 Generalized Hamiltonian Pencils 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.11 Bounded Real Lemma for Descriptor Systems 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Advanced Passivity Characterization 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 On the Computation of Imaginary Hamiltonian Eigenvalues 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Large-Scale Hamiltonian Eigenvalue Problems\u003csup\u003e∗\u003c\/sup\u003e 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.3 Half-Size Passivity Test Matrices 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Passivity Enforcement of Lumped LTI Systems 437\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Passivity Constraints for Lumped LTI Systems 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.1 Passive State-Space Immittance Systems 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.2 Passive State-Space Scattering Systems 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 State-Space Perturbation 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Asymptotic Perturbation 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Dynamic Perturbation 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Input-State Perturbation 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.4 State-Output Perturbation 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.5 A Perturbation Strategy for Passivity Enforcement 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Asymptotic Passivity Enforcement 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 Immittance Systems 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Scattering Systems 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Imaginary Poles of Immittance Systems 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Local Passivity Enforcement 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.1 Local Passivity Constraints 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.2 Enforcing Local Passivity Constraints 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Passivity Enforcement Via Hamiltonian Perturbation 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.1 Hamiltonian Perturbation of Immittance Systems 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.2 Hamiltonian Perturbation of Scattering Systems 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.3 Hamiltonian Perturbation Strategies 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.4 Slopes 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.5 Global Passivity Enforcement via Hamiltonian Perturbation 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Linear Matrix Inequalities 474\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.1 Parameterizations 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Computational Cost 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9 Advanced Accuracy Control 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9.1 Frequency-Selective Norms 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9.2 Individual Response Weighting 480\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9.3 Bandlimited Norms 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9.4 Relative Norms 484\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9.5 Data-Based Cost Functions 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10 Least-Squares Residue Perturbation 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10.1 Basic Residue Perturbation (RP) 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10.2 Spectral Residue Perturbation (SRP) 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10.3 Mode-Revealing Transformations 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10.4 Modal Perturbation (MP) 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10.5 Robust Iterations 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11 Alternative Formulations 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11.1 Passivity Constraints Based on \u003ci\u003eH\u003c\/i\u003e\u003csub\u003e∞\u003c\/sub\u003e norm\u003csup\u003e∗\u003c\/sup\u003e 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11.2 Iterative Update by Fitting Passivity Violations 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11.3 Pole Perturbation Approaches 505\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11.4 Parameterization via Positive Fractions 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.12 Descriptor Systems\u003csup\u003e∗\u003c\/sup\u003e 508\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.12.1 Perturbation of Generalized Hamiltonian Pencils 508\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.12.2 Handling Singular Direct Coupling Terms 509\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.12.3 Proper Part Extraction 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.12.4 Handling Impulsive Terms 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.12.5 Accuracy Control 512\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 512\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Time-Domain Simulation 517\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Discretization of ODE Systems 518\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Interconnection of Macromodels 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Direct Convolution 522\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Equivalent Circuit Implementations 524\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 Discussion 527\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Interfacing State-Space Macromodels 528\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 Equivalent Circuit Interfaces 530\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Interfacing Pole-Residue Macromodels 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1 Scalar Single-Pole System 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.2 General Multiport High-Order Systems 535\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.3 Discussion 537\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Equivalent Circuit Synthesis 537\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.1 Direct Admittance Synthesis 538\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.2 Direct State-Space Synthesis 541\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.3 Sparse Synthesis 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.4 Classical RLCT Synthesis\u003csup\u003e∗\u003c\/sup\u003e 545\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 559\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Transmission Lines and Distributed Systems 563\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 563\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Multiconductor Transmission Lines 564\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 Per-Unit-Length Matrices 564\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Frequency-Domain Solution via Modal Decomposition 566\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.3 Frequency-Domain Solution in the Physical Domain 570\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Direct Macromodeling Approaches 573\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Folded Line Equivalent Models 573\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Lumped Segmentation Approaches 577\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 Segmenting 577\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 Topology-Based Methods 578\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Matrix Rational Approximations 582\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.1 Padé Matrix Rational Approximations 583\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.2 Series Expansion into Eigenfunctions 586\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Traveling Wave Formulations 590\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.1 Voltage Waves 591\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.2 Current Waves 592\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.3 Thévenin and Norton Equivalents 593\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.4 Terminal Admittance from Traveling Wave Model 593\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.5 Modal Traveling Waves 594\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Lossless Traveling Wave Modeling 595\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.1 Delay Extraction for Lossless MTL 597\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 Traveling Wave Modeling of Scalar Lossy Transmission Lines 599\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9 Representations Based on Multiple Reflections 601\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.1 The Delayed Vector Fitting Scheme 604\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10 Basic Delay Extraction for Lossy MTL 606\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11 Frequency-Dependent Traveling Wave Modeling 607\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11.1 Modal Domain 608\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11.2 Physical Domain 613\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11.3 Delay Extraction and Optimization\u003csup\u003e∗\u003c\/sup\u003e 625\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.12 General Delayed-Rational Macromodeling 626\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.12.1 Delay Estimation 629\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.12.2 Passivity Enforcement 631\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.12.3 Equivalent Circuit Synthesis 637\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.13 Passivity of Traveling Wave Models\u003csup\u003e∗\u003c\/sup\u003e 638\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.14 Time-Domain Implementation for Traveling Wave Models 641\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.14.1 The Scalar Lossless Line 641\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.14.2 The Scalar Lossy Line 643\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.14.3 Lossy Multiconductor Transmission Lines 648\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.14.4 Examples 652\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.15 Discussion 657\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 658\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Applications 663\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Modeling for Signal and Power Integrity 663\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1.1 Prelayout Analysis of Backplane Interconnects 664\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1.2 Full Package Analysis 667\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1.3 Full Board Analysis and Simulation 672\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1.4 High-Speed Channel Modeling and Simulation 681\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1.5 Model Extraction from Measurements 687\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Computational Electromagnetics 691\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.1 Dynamic Subcell Models in Time-Domain Solvers 691\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.2 Automatic Stopping Criteria for Time-Domain Solvers 695\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.3 VF-Based Adaptive Frequency Sampling 698\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Small-Signal Macromodels for RF and AMS Applications 701\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Modeling for High-Voltage Power Systems 704\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1 Subnetwork Equivalencing 705\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2 Power Transformer Modeling from Frequency Sweep Measurements 708\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.3 Power Transformer Modeling from Manufacturer’s White-Box Model 715\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Fluid Transmission Lines 720\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Mechanical Systems 726\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Ship Motion in Irregular Seas 728\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8 Summary 733\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Summary and Outlook 735\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Parameterized Macromodels 735\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.1 Parameterized Macromodels with Fixed Poles 736\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.2 Fully Parameterized Macromodels 738\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.3 Higher Dimensional Parameter Spaces 742\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Open Issues 743\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.1 Optimal Passivity Enforcement 743\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.2 Systems with Many Ports 744\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.3 White-Box Model Identification and Tuning 744\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.4 Transmission Line Models 745\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.5 Delay Systems 746\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.6 Extension to NL Systems 749\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.7 Integration with other solvers 749\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix A Notation 751\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix B Acronyms 757\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix C Linear Algebra 761\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix D Optimization Templates 781\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix E Signals and Transforms 805\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 839\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 863\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49406829101399,"sku":"9781118094914","price":121.46,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781118094914.jpg?v=1730497258","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/passive-macromodeling-9781118094914","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}