{"product_id":"pacifism-9781474279826","title":"Pacifism","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eRobert L. Holmes\u003c\/b\u003e is Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at  the University of Rochester, USA. His main research is in philosophy of  war, the ethics of nonviolence, and contemporary moral problems. He is  the author of \u003ci\u003eThe Ethics of Nonviolence: Essays by Robert L. Holmes\u003c\/i\u003e, edited by Predrag Cicovacki (2013), \u003ci\u003eBasic Moral Philosophy\u003c\/i\u003e (2006) and \u003ci\u003eOn War and Morality\u003c\/i\u003e (1989), co-author of \u003ci\u003ePhilosophic Inquiry\u003c\/i\u003e (1968), and co-editor of \u003ci\u003eNonviolence in Theory and Practice\u003c\/i\u003e (3rd edition, 2005).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRobert L. Holmes has been one of those who never lost sight of war's importance and the urgency of crafting alternatives … His new book will be a reference point for all further discussions of the topic. * Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews *\u003cbr\u003eRobert Holme's \u003ci\u003ePacifism\u003c\/i\u003e provides a reasoned, careful, and sustained argument against war.  It is deeply grounded in the scholarship.  It provides fresh insight into historical cases and it confronts some of the most difficult topics in thinking about the morality of war: humanitarian intervention, terrorism, and the right of self defense.  The arguments of this book must be confronted by anyone who wants to claim that war can be justified. * Andrew Fiala, Chair of the Department of Philosophy and Director of the Ethics Center, California State University, Fresno, USA *\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003ePacifism \u003c\/i\u003eis a most comprehensible, accessible and well-argued work on the philosophy of war.  Over 40 years ago Robert L. Holmes introduced the notion of conditional pacifism, the view that one can morally and rationally oppose specific wars or specific sorts or war without adopting absolute pacifism.  Over the decades Holmes’ published views on war developed into both pragmatic pacifism and existential pacifism: general moral opposition to actual modern warfare and personal opposition to warfare based on conscience.  These pacifist positions are rationally supported by Holmes’ pragmatic contextualism, an ethic that avoids moral absolutes including the pitfalls of Just War Theory and utilitarianism.  Holmes also addresses the weakness of war realism, noting that modern war is increasingly irrational as well as immoral as evidenced by recent wars in Vietnam, the Middle East, and Kosovo and our notions of humanitarian intervention and terrorism.  As life in our warfare state commits us to seemingly never-ending war, we ignore Holmes’ arguments at our national peril. * Richard Werner, John Stewart Kennedy Professor of Philosophy, Hamilton College, USA *\u003cbr\u003eStarting from broadly accepted moral principles, Holmes develops an account of pacifism as a practical approach to addressing and ending the scourge of war. Clear-eyed, philosophically sophisticated and historically informed, this is a fine book. * Andrew Alexandra, Senior Research Fellow, Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics, University of Melbourne, Australia *\u003cbr\u003eHolmes' \u003ci\u003ePacifism \u003c\/i\u003ehas both rehabilitated the study of pacifism, and made an indispensable contribution to the debate on the justification of war and warfare. Everyone who reads the book will be better able to imagine pacifism and nonviolence ... All readers will find the book an interesting, eloquently written, and thought-provoking introduction to the growing field of pacifism and warism. * Ethical Perspectives *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction  PART 1 Chapter 1: Reconceptualizing War 1.1 Absolute War  1.2 The Interests of the People, the State, and the People Who Rule the State. 1.3 Absolute Violence  1.4 Between War and Peace 1.5 Cyber War and Robotics 1.6 Toward an Ontology of War 1.7 Paradoxes of War 1.8 War, Warfare, and Warmaking 1.9 Synoptic War  Chapter 2: The Presumption Against War 2.1 The Ends of Morality and Warfare 2.2 War and Killing 2.3 Act Types and Act Tokens 2.4 The Presumptive Wrongness of Deliberately Killing Persons 2.5 Is Wrongdoing Inescapable? 2.6 The Presumptive Wrongness of War  Chapter 3: Realism and War 3.1 Positive and Nonpositive Realism 3.2 Descriptive, Necessitarian, and Normative Realism 3.3 Can it be Immoral to Act Morally?   3.4 War and Morality 3.5 Value Language and Deontic Language 3.6 Synoptic War Neither Right Nor Wrong.  3.7 Warfare Always Subject to Moral Assessment  3.8 Micro and Macro Ethics 3.9 Collective Ethics a Category Mistake  PART 2 Chapter 4: Augustine on Ethics and War 4.1 Augustine and the Just War Tradition 4.2 Was Augustine a Personal Pacifist? 4.3 Augustine’s Subjectivism 4.4 Motives and Right Conduct 4.5 Personal Pacifism and Clean Hands 4.6 Augustine’s Authoritarianism 4.7 Killing Out of Obedience  Chapter 5: Anatomy of the Just War Theory 5.1 The Just War Tradition and Just War Theory 5.2 Moral War Theory 5.3 Just War Internalism and Externalism 5.4 What Does Jus Ad Bellum Entitle One to Do? 5.5 Intention, Double Effect, and Deliberate Wartime Killing. 5.6 Right Intention and the Resort to War. 5.7 Right Intention and Individual Combatants. 5.8 Just War Theory’s Further Implications. 5.9 License to Kill  Chapter 6: Self-Defense and the Alleged Moral Equality of Soldiers 6.1. War and Self-Defense 6.2 A Walzerian Argument for the Moral Equality of Soldiers. 6.3 Personal Self-Defense. 6.4 Self-Defense as a Moral Concept. 6.5 Self-Defense and the Presumptive Wrongness of Killing. 6.6 Personal and Collective Self-Defense. 6.7 Defending a Common Life. 6.8 Self-defense and Liability. 6.9 Self-defense and Just Cause 6.10 Potential Soldiers and Their “Epistemic Duties”  Chapter 7: Just Cause and the Killing of Innocents 7.1 Killing Innocents Inherent in Warfare 7.2 Killing and Letting Die 7.3 Intentional and Foreseeable Killing. 7.4 The Counterfactual Test 7.5 A Differential Restriction 7.6 Incidental Harm? 7.7 Hypothetical Cases 7.8 Does a Just Cause permit Killing Innocents? 7.9 The Nazi and the Just Warrior 7.10 The Infringement and Disrespectful Violation of Rights. 7.11 Do Good Motives Suffice?  Part 3 Chapter 8: The Vietnam War 8.1 Vietnam a Turning Point for America 8.2 The Indochina War 8.3 The Creation of South Vietnam 8.4 Beginning of the Vietnam War 8.5 External Aggression or Civil War? 8.6 The Nature of the War 8.7 My Lai Unexceptional 8.8 Does Vietnam Defeat the Presumption Against War? 8.9 “Revisionist” History  Chapter 9: The Gulf and Iraq Wars in Light of Western Imperialism and Just War Theory 9.1 Continuity Between the Gulf War and the Iraq War 9.2 Western Imperialism in the Persian Gulf 9.3 A Monroe Doctrine for the Persian Gulf 9.4 The Gulf War and Just War Theory 9.5 Was the Gulf War a Last Resort? 9.6 Just War Theory Modified  Chapter 10: Kosovo 10.1 The Gulf War and the Kosovo Intervention 10.2 Historical Context  10.3 Civil Conflict 10.4 An Attempted Military Solution 10.5 Illegal NATO Intervention 10.6 The Killing of Civilians 10.7 The Moral Issue  PART 4 Chapter 11: The Metaethics of Pacifism 11.1 The Argument Continued 11.2 Actionable Wrongness 11.3 Pragmatic Pacifism 11.4 A Theoretical Objection to Pacifism 11.5 A Pacifist Rejoinder 11.6 A Second Pacifist Rejoinder 11.7 Consequentialist Considerations  11.8  Act Utilitarianism  11.9 Some Implications 11.10 Mediated and Unmediated Consequences   Chapter 12: Pacifism and Humanitarian Military Intervention 12.1 The Plight of Individuals Worldwide. 12.2 What is Humanitarian Intervention? 12.3 Why is Humanitarian Intervention Problematic? 12.4 Rights versus Sovereignty 12.5 The Responsibility to Protect 12.6 The Problem for Pacifism 12.7 Epistemic Problems with Humanitarian Military Intervention 12.8 Military Intervention 12.9 War, Just War Theory, and Humanitarian Intervention 12.10 “Humanitarian” intervention in the Real World  Chapter 13: Terrorism, Violence, and Nonviolence 13.1 What Is Terrorism? 13.2 Stereotyping 13.3 Terrorism and the Killing of Innocents 13.4 Militarization of the Campaign Against Terrorism 13.5 The Violence of War and Terrorism  Chapter 14: Toward a Nonviolent World Order  14.1 Pragmatic Contextualism  14.2 Support of Troops 14.3 Troops and Their Mission 14.4 Patriotism 14.5 Existential Pacifism 14.6 Transforming Young People into Trained Killers 14.7 Logic and War 14.8 Consequences and Proportionality 14.9 Motives and Intentions Again 14.10 A Secular Garden of Eden 14.11 Bringing Good out of Evil  Conclusion Bibliography Index","brand":"Bloomsbury Publishing (UK)","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53515772592471,"sku":"9781474279826","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/pacifism-9781474279826","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}