{"product_id":"operators-guide-to-general-purpose-steam-turbines-9781119294214","title":"Operators Guide to General Purpose Steam Turbines","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen installed and operated properly, general purpose steam turbines are reliable and tend to be forgotten, i.e., out of sound and out of mind. But, they can be sleeping giants that can result in major headaches if ignored. Three real steam turbine undesirable consequences that immediately come to mind are:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eInjury and secondary damage due to an overspeed failure. Anoverspeed failureon a big steam or gas turbine is one of the most frightening of industrial accidents.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eThe high cost of an extensive overhaul due to an undetected component failure. A major steam turbine repair can cost ten or more times that of a garden variety centrifugal pump repair.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCostly production loses due an extended outage if the driven pump or compressor train is unspared. The value of lost production can quickly exceed repair costs.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eA major goal of this book is to provide readers with detailed operating procedure aimed at reducing these risks to minimal levels. Star\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface xiii \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction to Steam Turbines 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Why Do We Use Steam Turbines? 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 How Steam Turbines Work 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Steam Generation 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Waste Heat Utilization 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 The Rankine Cycle 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Properties of Steam 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Turbine Design Confi gurations 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Steam and Water Requirements 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Steam Conditions for Steam Turbines 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Water Conditions for Steam Turbines 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.3 Advantages of Steam Turbine Drives 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.4 Speed Control 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.5 Turbine Overspeed Protection 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 General Purpose Back Pressure Steam Turbine 21\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Single-Stage Back Pressure Steam Turbine 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1 Steam Flow Path 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Mechanical Components in General Purpose Back Pressure Steam Turbines 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Radial and Th rust Bearings 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Bearing Lubrication 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Force Lubrication Systems 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.4 Lubrication 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.5 Bering Housing Seals 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.6 Lip Seals 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.7 Labyrinth Seals 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.8 Steam Packing Rings and Seals 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Routine Steam Turbine Inspections 51\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Steam Turbine Speed Controls and Safety Systems 59\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Speed Controls 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Governor Classes 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Overspeed Trip System 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Overpressure Protection 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Additional Advice 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 The Importance of Operating Procedures 85\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Steam Turbine Start-up Risks 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Starting Centrifugal Pumps and Compressors 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Steam Turbine Train Procedures 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Training Options 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Overspeed Trip Testing 101\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Overspeed Trip Pre-test Checks 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Uncoupled Overspeed Trip Test Procedure 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Acceptance Criteria for Overspeed Trip Test 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Centrifugal Pump and Centrifugal Compressor Start-ups with a Steam Turbine Driver 115\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Centrifugal Pump and Steam Turbine Start-up 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Centrifugal Compressor and Steam Turbine Start-up 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Centrifugal Pump and Centrifugal Compressor Shutdowns with a Steam Turbine Driver 137\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Centrifugal Pump Steam Turbine Shutdown 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Centrifugal Compressor Steam Turbine Shutdown 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Installation, Commissioning and First Solo Run 147\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Equipment Installation 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Foundations 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 Grouting 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.3 Piping 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Commissioning 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Steam Blowing 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Strainers 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3 Lubrication 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.4 Oil Sump Lubrication 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.5 Flushing Pressure Lubricated System 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.6 Hydraulic Governors 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Turbine First Solo Run on Site 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 First Solo Run Pre-checks 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Steam Turbine First Solo Run Procedure 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Reinstating Steam Turbine after Maintenance 189\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Turbine Reinstatment after Maintenance 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Reinstatement after Maintenance Check List 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Steam Turbine Reinstatement after Maintenance Procedure 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Steam Turbine Reliability 205\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Repairs versus Overhauls 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Expected Lifetimes of Steam Turbines and Their Components 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Common Failure Modes 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Improvement Reliability by Design 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Introduction to Field Troubleshooting 217\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Common Symptoms 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Common Potential Causes 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Troubleshooting Example #1 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Troubleshooting Example #2 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Steam Turbine Troubleshooting Table 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Other Troubleshooting Approaches 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Steam Turbine Monitoring Advice 235\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 What Is the Steam Turbine Speed Telling You? 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1.1 Is the Steam Turbine Running at the Correct Speed? 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1.2 Is the Speed Steady? 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1.3 Is a Speed Swing Acceptable? 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Assessing Steam Turbine Vibrations 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.1 What is Normal? 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.2 What are Some Causes of Vibration in Steam Turbines? 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Steam Turbine Temperature Assessments 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1 Bearing Temperatures 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.2 Oil Temperatures 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Common Governor Control Problems 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1 Steam Turbine Loss of Power 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2 Steam Turbine Sealing 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.3 Oil Analysis as it Applies to Steam Turbines 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.4 Formation of Sludge and Varnish 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.5 Steam Piping and Supports 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.6 Steam Turbine Supports 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.7 Overspeed Trip Systems 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Other Inspections 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Good Rules of Th umb for Steam Turbines 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Beyond Start-ups, Shutdowns, and Inspections 257\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix A: An Introduction to Steam Turbine Selection 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix B: Glossary of Steam Turbine Terms 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix C: Predictive and Preventative Maintenance Activities 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix D: Properties of Saturated Steam 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 305\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default 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