{"product_id":"operations-research-for-unmanned-systems-9781118918944","title":"Operations Research for Unmanned Systems","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is the first edited volume addressing analysis for unmanned vehicles and its focus is operations research (   how things should be used   ), rather than engineering (   how things should be built   ).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eAbout the contributors xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Background and Scope 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 About the Chapters 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 The In‐Transit Vigilant Covering Tour Problem for Routing Unmanned Ground Vehicles 7\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Background 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 CTP for UGV Coverage 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 The In‐Transit Vigilant Covering Tour Problem 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Mathematical Formulation 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Extensions to Multiple Vehicles 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Empirical Study 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Analysis of Results 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Other Extensions 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10 Conclusions 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAuthor Statement 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Near‐Optimal Assignment of UAVs to Targets Using a Market‐Based Approach 27\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Problem Formulation 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Inputs 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Various Objective Functions 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Outputs 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Literature 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Solutions to the MDVRP Variants 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Market‐Based Techniques 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 The Market‐Based Solution 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 The Basic Market Solution 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 The Hierarchical Market 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2.1 Motivation and Rationale 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2.2 Algorithm Details 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Adaptations for the Max‐Pro Case 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4 Summary 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Results 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 Optimizing for Fuel‐Consumption (Min‐Sum) 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 Optimizing for Time (Min‐Max) 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.3 Optimizing for Prioritized Targets (Max‐Pro) 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Recommendations for Implementation 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Conclusions 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 3.A A Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) Formulation 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.A.1 Sub-tour Elimination Constraints 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Considering Mine Countermeasures Exploratory Operations Conducted by Autonomous Underwater Vehicles 59\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Background 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Assumptions 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Measures of Performance 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Preliminary Results 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Concepts of Operations 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Gaps in Coverage 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Aspect Angle Degradation 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Optimality with Two Different Angular Observations 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Optimality with N Different Angular Observations 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Modeling and Algorithms 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.1 Monte Carlo Simulation 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.2 Deterministic Model 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Random Search Formula Adapted to AUVs 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 Mine Countermeasures Exploratory Operations 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11 Numerical Results 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.12 Non‐uniform Mine Density Distributions 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.13 Conclusion 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 4.A Optimal Observation Angle between Two AUV Legs 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 4.B Probabilities of Detection 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Optical Search by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Fauna Detection Case Study 81\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Search Planning for Unmanned Sensing Operations 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Preliminary Flight Analysis 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Flight Geometry Control 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Images and Mosaics 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.4 Digital Analysis and Identification of Elements 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Results 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Conclusions 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 A Flight Time Approximation Model for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Estimating the Effects of Path Variations and Wind 95\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNomenclature 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Problem Statement 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Literature Review 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Flight Time Approximation Models 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Additional Task Types to Consider 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Wind Effects 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Flight Time Approximation Model Development 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Required Mathematical Calculations 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Model Comparisons 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 Encountered Problems and Solutions 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Additional Task Types 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Radius of Sight Task 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 Loitering Task 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Adding Wind Effects 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.1 Implementing the Fuel Burn Rate Model 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Computational Expense of the Final Model 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.1 Model Runtime Analysis 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.2 Actual versus Expected Flight Times 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Conclusions and Future Work 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Impacts of Unmanned Ground Vehicles on Combined Arms Team Performance 119\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Study Problem 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Terrain 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Vehicle Options 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Forces 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3.1 Experimental Force 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3.2 Opposition Force 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3.3 Civilian Elements 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.4 Mission 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Study Methods 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Closed‐Loop Simulation 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Study Measures 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 System Comparison Approach 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Study Results 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Basic Casualty Results 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1.1 Low Density Urban Terrain Casualty Only Results 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1.2 Dense Urban Terrain Casualty‐Only Results 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Complete Measures Results 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2.1 Low Density Urban Terrain Results 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2.2 Dense Urban Terrain Results 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2.3 Comparison of Low and High Density Urban Results 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3 Casualty versus Full Measures Comparison 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Discussion 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Processing, Exploitation and Dissemination: When is Aided\/Automated Target Recognition “Good Enough” for Operational Use? 139\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Background 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Operational Context and Technical Issues 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Previous Investigations 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Analysis 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Modeling the Mission 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Modeling the Specific Concept of Operations 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 Probability of Acquiring the Target under the Concept of Operations 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.4 Rational Selection between Aided\/Automated Target Recognition and Extended Human Sensing 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.5 Finding the Threshold at which Automation is Rational 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.6 Example 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Conclusion 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 8.A 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnsuring [Q ] * decreases as ζ* increases 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Analyzing a Design Continuum for Automated Military Convoy Operations 155\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Definition Development 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Human Input Proportion (H) 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 Interaction Frequency 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.3 Complexity of Instructions\/Tasks 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.4 Robotic Decision‐Making Ability (R) 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Automation Continuum 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Status Quo (SQ) 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Remote Control (RC) 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3 Tele‐Operation (TO) 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.4 Driver Warning (DW) 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.5 Driver Assist (DA) 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.6 Leader‐Follower (LF) 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.6.1 Tethered Leader‐Follower (LF1) 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.6.2 Un‐tethered Leader‐Follower (LF2) 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.6.3 Un‐tethered\/Unmanned\/Pre‐driven Leader‐Follower (LF3) 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.6.4 Un‐tethered\/Unmanned\/Uploaded Leader‐Follower (LF4) 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.7 Waypoint (WA) 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.7.1 Pre‐recorded “Breadcrumb” Waypoint (WA1) 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.7.2 Uploaded “Breadcrumb” Waypoint (WA2) 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.8 Full Automation (FA) 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.8.1 Uploaded “Breadcrumbs” with Route Suggestion Full Automation (FA1) 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.8.2 Self‐Determining Full Automation (FA2) 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Mathematically Modeling Human Input Proportion (H) versus System Configuration 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Modeling H versus System Configuration Methodology 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Analyzing the Results of Modeling H versus System Configuration 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.3 Partitioning the Automation Continuum for H versus System Configuration into Regimes and Analyzing the Results 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Mathematically Modeling Robotic Decision‐Making Ability (R) versus System Configuration 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1 Modeling R versus System Configuration Methodology 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.2 Mathematically Modeling R versus System Configuration When Weighted by H 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.3 Partitioning the Automation Continuum for R (Weighted by H) versus System Configuration into Regimes 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.4 Summarizing the Results of Modeling H versus System Configuration and R versus System Configuration When Weighted by H 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Mathematically Modeling H and R 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.1 Analyzing the Results of Modeling H versus R 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Conclusion 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.A System Configurations 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Experimental Design for Unmanned Aerial Systems Analysis: Bringing Statistical Rigor to UAS Testing 187\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Some UAS History 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Statistical Background for Experimental Planning 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Planning the UAS Experiment 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 General Planning Guidelines 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Planning Guidelines for UAS Testing 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2.1 Determine Specific Questions to Answer 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2.2 Determine Role of the Human Operator 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2.3 Define and Delineate Factors of Concern for the Study 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2.4 Determine and Correlate Response Data 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2.5 Select an Appropriate Design 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2.6 Define the Test Execution Strategy 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Applications of the UAS Planning Guidelines 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.1 Determine the Specific Research Questions 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.2 Determining the Role of Human Operators 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.3 Determine the Response Data 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.4 Define the Experimental Factors 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.5 Establishing the Experimental Protocol 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.6 Select the Appropriate Design 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.6.1 Verifying Feasibility and Practicality of Factor Levels 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.6.2 Factorial Experimentation 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.6.3 The First Validation Experiment 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.6.4 Analysis: Developing a Regression Model 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.6.5 Software Comparison 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Conclusion 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisclaimer 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Total Cost of Ownership (TOC): An Approach for Estimating UMAS Costs 207\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Life Cycle Models 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 DoD 5000 Acquisition Life Cycle 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 ISO 15288 Life Cycle 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Cost Estimation Methods 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Case Study and Analogy 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 Bottom‐Up and Activity Based 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3 Parametric Modeling 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 UMAS Product Breakdown Structure 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 Special Considerations 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1.1 Mission Requirements 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2 System Capabilities 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.3 Payloads 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Cost Drivers and Parametric Cost Models 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1 Cost Drivers for Estimating Development Costs 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1.1 Hardware 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1.2 Software 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1.3 Systems Engineering and Project Management 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1.4 Performance‐Based Cost Estimating Relationship 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1.5 Weight‐Based Cost Estimating Relationship 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.2 Proposed Cost Drivers for DoD 5000.02 Phase Operations and Support 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.2.1 Logistics – Transition from Contractor Life Support (CLS) to Organic Capabilities 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.2.2 Training 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.2.3 Operations – Manned Unmanned Systems Teaming (MUM‐T) 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Considerations for Estimating Unmanned Ground Vehicle Costs 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Additional Considerations for UMAS Cost Estimation 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.1 Test and Evaluation 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.2 Demonstration 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Conclusion 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Logistics Support for Unmanned Systems 233\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Appreciating Logistics Support for Unmanned Systems 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 Logistics 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Operations Research and Logistics 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.3 Unmanned Systems 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Challenges to Logistics Support for Unmanned Systems 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Immediate Challenges 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2 Future Challenges 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Grouping the Logistics Challenges for Analysis and Development 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 Group A – No Change to Logistics Support 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 Group B – Unmanned Systems Replacing Manned Systems and Their Logistics Support Frameworks 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.3 Group C – Major Changes to Unmanned Systems Logistics 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Further Considerations 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Conclusions 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Organizing for Improved Effectiveness in Networked Operations 255\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Understanding the IACM 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 An Agent‐Based Simulation Representation of the IACM 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Structure of the Experiment 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Initial Experiment 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Expanding the Experiment 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Conclusion 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisclaimer 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 An Exploration of Performance Distributions in Collectives 271\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Who Shoots How Many? 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Baseball Plays as Individual and Networked Performance 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Analytical Questions 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Imparity Statistics in Major League Baseball Data 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.1 Individual Performance in Major League Baseball 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.2 Interconnected Performance in Major League Baseball 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Conclusions 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Distributed Combat Power: The Application of Salvo Theory to Unmanned Systems 287\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Salvo Theory 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1 The Salvo Equations 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2 Interpreting Damage 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Salvo Warfare with Unmanned Systems 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 The Salvo Exchange Set and Combat Entropy 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Tactical Considerations 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Conclusion 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 295\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49528841109847,"sku":"9781118918944","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781118918944.jpg?v=1731873232","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/operations-research-for-unmanned-systems-9781118918944","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}