{"product_id":"nonhalogenated-flame-retardant-handbook-9781119750567","title":"NonHalogenated Flame Retardant Handbook","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Regulations and Other Developments\/Trends\/Initiatives Driving Non-Halogenated Flame Retardant Use 1\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAlexander B. Morgan\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Regulatory History of Halogenated vs. Non-Halogenated Flame Retardants 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Regulations of Fire Safety and Flame Retardant Chemicals 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Current Regulations 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 International – United Nations 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 United States (Federal vs. State) 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3 Canada 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.4 European Union 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.5 Asia 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.6 China 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.7 Japan 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.8 Korea 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.9 Australia 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Fire Safety and Non-Fire Safety Issues Requiring Non-Halogenated Flame Retardants 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Regulatory Outlook and Future Market Drivers 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Phosphorus-Based Flame Retardants 23\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSergei Levchik\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Main Classes of Phosphorus-Based Flame Retardants 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Red Phosphorus 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Ammonium and Amine Phosphates 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Metal Hypophosphites, Phosphites and Dialkyl Phosphinates 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Aliphatic Phosphates and Phosphonates 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Aromatic Phosphates and Phosphonates 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Aromatic Phosphinates 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Phosphine Oxides 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10 Phosphazenes 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11 Environmental Fate and Exposure to Organophosphorus FRs 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12 Conclusions and Further Trends 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Mineral Filler Flame Retardants 101\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eReiner Sauerwein\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Industrial Importance of Mineral Flame Retardants 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Market Share of Mineral FRs 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Synthetic Mineral FRs within the Industrial\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical Process Chain 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Natural Mineral FRs 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Overview of Mineral Filler FRs 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Mineral Filler Flame Retardants by Chemistry 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Classification by Production Process 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2.1 Crushing and Grinding 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2.2 Air Classification 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2.3 Precipitation and Their Synthetic Processes 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2.4 Surface Treatment 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 Physical Characterisation of Mineral FRs 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3.1 Particle Shape\/Morphology\/Aspect Ratio 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3.2 Particle Size Distribution 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3.3 Sieve Residue 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3.4 BET Surface Area 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3.5 Oil Absorption 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3.6 pH-Value\/Specific Conductivity 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3.7 Bulk Density and Powder Flowability 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3.8 Thermal Stability\/Loss on Ignition\/Endothermic Heat 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4 General Impact of Mineral FRs on Polymer Material Properties 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4.1 Optical Properties 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4.2 Mechanical Properties 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4.3 Water Uptake and Chemical Resistance 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4.4 Thermal Properties 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4.5 Electrical Properties 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4.6 Rheological Properties 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Working Principle of Hydrated Mineral Flame Retardants 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Filler Loading, Flammability and Flame Propagation 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Smoke Suppression 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Heat Release 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Thermoplastic and Elastomeric Applications 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 Compounding Technology 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 Compound Formulation Principals 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.3 Wire \u0026amp; Cable 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.4 Other Construction Products 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.5 Special Applications 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.6 Engineering Plastics for E\u0026amp;E Applications 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Reactive Resins\/Thermoset Applications 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1 Production Processes for Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1.1 Paste Production 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1.2 Hand Lamination\/Hand-Lay-Up 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1.3 SMC and BMC 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1.4 Pultrusion 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1.5 RTM\/RIM 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2 Formulation Principles 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.3 Public Transport Applications of GFRP 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.4 E\u0026amp;E Applications 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.5 Construction and Industrial Applications 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Conclusion, Trends and Challenges 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Intumescence-Based Flame Retardant 169\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSerge Bourbigot\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Fundamentals of Intumescence 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Intumescence on the Market 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Reaction to Fire of Intumescent Materials 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Resistance to Fire of Intumescent Materials 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Conclusion and Future Trends 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Nitrogen-Based Flame Retardants 239\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAlexander B. Morgan and Martin Klatt\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Main Types of Nitrogen-Based Flame Retardants 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Ammonia-Based Flame Retardants 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Ammonium Polyphosphate 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Other Ammonia Salts 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Melamine-Based Flame Retardants 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Melamine as Flame Retardant 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Melamine Salts 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 Melamine Cyanurate 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.4 Melamine Polyphosphate 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.5 Melamine Condensates and Its Salts 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Nitrogen-Based Radical Generators 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Phosphazenes, Phospham and Phosphoroxynitride 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Cyanuric-Acid Based Flame Retardants 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Summary and Conclusion 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Silicon-Based Flame Retardants 271\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAlexander B. Morgan and Mert Kilinc\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Basics of Silicon Chemistry 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Industrial Applications of Silicones 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Silicon-Based Materials as Flame Retardant Materials 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Inorganic Silicon-Based Flame Retardants 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.1 Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) (Silica) 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.2 Wollastonite 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.3 Magadiite 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.4 Sepiolite 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.5 Kaolin 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.6 Mica 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.7 Talc 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.8 Halloysite 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.9 Layered Silicate Nanocomposites 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.10 Sodium Silicate 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.11 Silsesquioxane 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Organic Silicone-Based Flame Retardants 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2.1 Polyorganosiloxanes 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2.2 Silanes 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 Other Silicone-Based Flame Retardants 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.4 Silicone\/Silica Protective Coatings 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Mode of Actions of Silicone-Based Flame Retardants and Practical Use Considerations 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Silicon Dioxide 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 Silicate-Based Minerals 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3 Silicones 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Future Trends in Silicon-Based Flame Retardants 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Summary and Conclusions 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Boron-Based Flame Retardants in Non-Halogen Based Polymers 309\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eKelvin K. Shen\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Major Functions of Borates in Flame Retardancy 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Major Commercial Boron-Based Flame Retardants and Their Applications 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Properties and Applications of Boron-Base Flame Retardants 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Boric Acid [B2O3·3H2O\/B(OH)3], Boric Oxide (B2O3) 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Alkaline Metal Borate 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2.1 Borax Pentahydrate (Na2O·2B2O3·5H2O), Borax Decahydrate (Na2O·2B2O3·10H2O) 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2.2 Disodium Octaborate Tetrahydrate (Na2O·4B2O3·4H2O) 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3 Alkaline-Earth Metal Borate 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3.1 Calcium Borates (xCaO·yB2O3·zH2O) 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3.2 Magnesium Borate (xMgO·yB2O3·zH2O) 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.4 Transition Metal Borates 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.4.1 Zinc Borates (xZnO·yB2O3·zH2O) 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.5 Nitrogen-Containing Borates 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.5.1 Melamine Diborate [(C3H8N6)O·B2O3·2H2O)]\/(C3H6N6·2H3BO3 ) 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.5.2 Ammonium Pentaborate [(NH4)2O·5B2O3·8H2O)] 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.5.3 Boron Nitride (h-BN) 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.5.4 Ammonium Borophosphate 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.6 Phosphorus-Containing Borates 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.6.1 Boron Phosphate (BPO4) 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.6.2 Metal Borophosphate 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.7 Silicon-Containing Borates 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.7.1 Borosilicate Glass and Frits 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.8 Carbon-Containing Boron or Borates 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.8.1 Graphene (Boron-Doped) 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.8.2 Boric Acid Esters [B(OR)3] 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.8.3 Boronic Acid [ArB(OH)2] 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.8.4 Boron Carbide (B4C) 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Mode of Actions of Boron-Based Flame Retardants 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Conclusions 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Non-Halogenated Conformal Flame Retardant Coatings 337\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eFederico Carosio\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Acronyms 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction to Conformal Coatings: The Role of Surface During Combustion 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Fabrics 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Natural Fabrics 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Synthetic Fabrics and Blends 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Process Equipment and Related Patents 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Porous Materials 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Open Cell PU Foams 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Other Porous Substrates 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 Process Equipment and Related Patents 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Other Substrates 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Future Trends and Needs 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Multicomponent Flame Retardants 413\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBernhard Schartel\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 The Need for Multicomponent Flame Retardants 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Concepts 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Combination with Fillers 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Adjuvants 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Synergists 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Combinations of Different Flame Retardants 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Combinations of Different Flame-Retardant Groups in One Flame Retardant 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Conclusion 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Other Non-Halogenated Flame Retardants and Future Fire Protection Concepts \u0026amp; Needs 475\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAlexander B. Morgan, Paul A. Cusack and Charles A. Wilkie\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 The Periodic Table of Flame Retardants 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Transition Metal Flame Retardants 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Vapor Phase Transition Metal Flame Retardants 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Condensed Phase Transition Metal Flame Retardants 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2.1 Metal Oxides 480\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2.2 Metal Complexes 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Sulfur-Based Flame Retardants 484\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Carbon-Based Flame Retardants 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Cross-Linking Compounds – Alkynes, Deoxybenzoin, Friedel-Crafts, Nitriles,\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnhydrides 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1.1 Alkynes 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1.2 Deoxybenzoin 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1.3 Friedel-Crafts 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1.4 Nitriles 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1.5 Anhydrides 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Organic Carbonates 491\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.3 Graft Copolymerization 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.4 Expandable Graphite 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Bio-Based Materials 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Tin-Based Flame Retardants 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.1 Introduction 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.2 Zinc Stannates 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.3 Halogen-Free Applications 498\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.3.1 Polyolefins 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.3.2 Styrenics 500\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.3.3 Engineering Plastics 500\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.3.4 Thermosetting Resins 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.3.5 Elastomers 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.3.6 Paints and Coatings 505\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.3.7 Textiles 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.4 Novel Tin Additives 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.4.1 Coated Fillers 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.4.2 Tin-Modified Nanoclays 509\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.4.3 Mechanism of Action 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.4.4 Summary 512\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Polymer Nanocomposites 513\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Engineering Non-Hal FR Solutions 513\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8.1 Barrier Fabrics 514\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8.2 Coatings 515\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8.2.1 Inorganic Coatings 515\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8.2.2 IR Reflective Coatings 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8.2.3 Nanoparticle Coatings 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8.2.4 Conformal\/Integrated Coatings 518\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9 Future Directions 519\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9.1 Polymeric Flame Retardants and Reactive Flame Retardants 521\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9.2 End of Life Considerations For Flame Retardants 524\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9.3 New and Growing Fire Risk Scenarios 528\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9.4 Experimental Methodology for Flame Retardant Screening 531\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 532\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 555\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49407138201943,"sku":"9781119750567","price":168.26,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/nonhalogenated-flame-retardant-handbook-9781119750567","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}