{"product_id":"natural-and-artificial-photosynthesis-9781118160060","title":"Natural and Artificial Photosynthesis","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis technical book explores current and future applications of solar power as an unlimited source of energy that earth receives every day. Photosynthetic organisms have learned to utilize this abundant source of energy by converting it into high-energy biochemical compounds. Inspired by the efficient conversion of solar energy into an electron flow, attempts have been made to construct artificial photosynthetic systems capable of establishing a charge separation state for generating electricity or driving chemical reactions. Another important aspect of photosynthesis is the CO2 fixation and the production of high energy compounds. Photosynthesis can produce biomass using solar energy while reducing the CO2 level in air. Biomass can be converted into biofuels such as biodiesel and bioethanol. Under certain conditions, photosynthetic organisms can also produce hydrogen gas which is one of the cleanest sources of energy.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContributors xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcronyms xxiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Physics Overview of Solar Energy 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eDiego Castano\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 The Sun 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Light 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Thermodynamics 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Photovoltaics 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Photosynthesis 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Oxygenic Photosynthesis 13\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eDmitriy Shevela, Lars Olof Bj¨orn, and Govindjee\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Path of Energy: From Photons to Charge Separation 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Electron Transfer Pathways 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Photophosphorylation 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Carbon Dioxide to Organic Compounds 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Evolution of Oxygenic Photosynthesis 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Some Interesting Questions about Whole Plants 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Perspectives for the Future 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Summary 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Apparatus and Mechanism of Photosynthetic Water Splitting as\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eNature’s Blueprint for Efficient Solar Energy Exploitation 65\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eGernot Renger\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Overall Reaction Pattern of Photosynthesis and Respiration 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Bioenergetic Limit of Solar Energy Exploitation: Water Splitting 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Humankind’s Dream of Using Water and Solar Radiation as\u003cbr\u003e “Clean Fuel” 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Nature’s Blueprint of Light-Induced Water Splitting 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Types of Approaches in Performing Light-Driven H2 and O2\u003cbr\u003e Formation from Water 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Light-Induced “Stable” Charge Separation 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Energetics of Light-Induced Charge Separation 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9 Oxidative Water Splitting: The Kok Cycle 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10 YZ Oxidation by P680+• 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11 Structure and Function of the WOC 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.12 Concluding Remarks 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Artificial Photosynthesis 121\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eReza Razeghifard\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Organic Pigment Assemblies on Electrodes 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Photosystem Assemblies on Electrodes 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Hydrogen Production by Photosystem I Hybrid Systems 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Mimicking Water Oxidation with Manganese Complexes 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Protein Design for Introducing Manganese Chemistry in Proteins 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Protein Design and Photoactive Proteins with Chl Derivatives 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Conclusion 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Artificial Photosynthesis: Ruthenium Complexes 143\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eDimitrios G. Giarikos\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Ruthenium(II) 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Ligand Influence on the Photochemistry of Ru(II) 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Importance of Polypyridyl Ligands and Metal Ion for Tuning of\u003cbr\u003e MLCT Transitions 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Electron Transfer of Ru(II) Complexes 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Light-Harvesting Complexes Using Ru(II) Complexes 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Ru(II) Artificial Photosystem Models for Photosystem II 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Ru (II) Artificial Photosystem Models for Hydrogenase 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Conclusion 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 CO2 Sequestration and Hydrogen Production Using Cyanobacteria and Green Algae 173\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eKanhaiya Kumar and Debabrata Das\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Microbiology 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Biochemistry of CO2 Fixation 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Parameters Affecting the CO2 Sequestration Process 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Hydrogen Production by Cyanobacteria 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Mechanisms of H2 Production in Green Algae 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Photobioreactors 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Conclusion 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Cyanobacterial Biofuel and Chemical Production for CO2 Sequestration 217\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eJohn W. K. Oliver and Shota Atsumi\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Carbon Sequestration by Biomass 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Introduction to Cyanobacteria 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 CO2 Uptake Efficiency of Cyanobacteria 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Mitigation of Costs Through Captured-Carbon Products 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Captured-Carbon Products from Engineered Cyanobacteria 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Conclusion 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Hydrogen Production by Microalgae 231\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eHelena M. Amaro, M. Gl´oria Esqu´ývel, Teresa S. Pinto, and F. Xavier Malcata\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Hydrogenase Engineering 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Metabolic Reprograming 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Light Capture Improvement 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Algal Biofuels 243\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eArchana Tiwari and Anjana Pandey\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Advantages of Algae 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Algal Strains and Biofuel Production 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Algal Biofuels 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Algal Cultivation for Biofuel Production 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Photobioreactors Employed for Algal Biofuels 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Recent Achievements in Algal Biofuels 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Strategies for Enhancement of Algal Biofuel Production 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9 Conclusion 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Green Hydrogen: Algal Biohydrogen Production 267\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eEla Eroglu, Matthew Timmins, and Steven M. Smith\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Hydrogen Production by Algae 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Hydrogenase Enzyme 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Diversity of Hydrogen-Producing Algae 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Model Microalgae for H2 Production Studies: Chlamydomonas\u003cbr\u003e Reinhardtii 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Approaches for Enhancing Hydrogen Production 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Conclusion 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Growth in Photobioreactors 285\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eNiels Thomas Eriksen\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Design of Photobioreactors 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Limitations to Productivity of Microalgal Cultures 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Actual Productivities of Microalgal Cultures 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Distribution of Light in Photobioreactors 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Gas Exchange in Photobioreactors 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Shear Stress in Photobioreactors 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Current Trends in Photobioreactor Development 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Industrial Cultivation Systems for Intensive Production of Microalgae 307\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eGiuseppe Olivieri, Piero Salatino, and Antonio Marzocchella\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Relevant Issues for Design and Operation of Systems for\u003cbr\u003e Microalgal Cultures 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Open Systems 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Closed Systems: Photobioreactors 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Novel Photobioreactor Configurations 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Case Study: Intensive Production of Bio-Oil 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Microalgae Biodiesel and Macroalgae Bioethanol: The Solar\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eConversion Challenge for Industrial Renewable Fuels 345\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eNavid R. Moheimani, Mark P. McHenry, and Pouria Mehrani\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Biofuel Supply, Demand, Production, and New Feedstocks 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Feasibility of Photosynthetic Fuel Production 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Biodiesel Production and Feedstocks 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Macroalgae Biofuel Feedstocks and Production 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Conclusion 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Technoeconomic Assessment of Large-Scale Production of\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eBioethanol from Microalgal Biomass 361\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eRazif Harun, Hassan J, Li J. S. Shu, Lucy A. Arthur, and Michael K. Danquah\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Technology Selection and Process Design 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Economic Analysis 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Reduction of Overall Production Cost 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Conclusion 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Microalgae-Derived Chemicals: Opportunity for an Integrated\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eChemical Plant 387\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eAzadeh Kermanshahi-pour, Julie B. Zimmerman, and Paul T. Anastas\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Microalgae Cultivation Systems 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Lipids 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Carbohydrates 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Protein 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Process Integration 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7 Conclusion 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Fuels and Chemicals from Lignocellulosic Biomass 435\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eIan M. O’Hara, Zhanying Zhang, Philip A. Hobson, Mark D. Harrison,\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eSagadevan G. Mundree, and William O. S. Doherty\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 The Nature of Lignocellulosic Biomass 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Feedstocks for Biomass Processing 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Production of Fermentable Sugars from Biomass 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass to Fuels and Chemicals 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Fuels and Chemicals from Biomass 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7 Conclusion 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 457\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49406837784919,"sku":"9781118160060","price":104.36,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781118160060.jpg?v=1730497289","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/natural-and-artificial-photosynthesis-9781118160060","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}