{"product_id":"nanotechnology-commercialization-9781119371724","title":"Nanotechnology Commercialization","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA fascinating and informative look at state-of-the-art nanotechnology research, worldwide, and its vast commercial potential\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eNanotechnology Commercialization: Manufacturing Processes and Products \u003c\/i\u003epresents a detailed look at the state of the art in nanotechnology and explores key issues that must still be addressed in order to successfully commercialize that vital technology. Written by a team of distinguished experts in the field, it covers a range of applications notably: military, space, and commercial transport applications, as well as applications for missiles, aircraft, aerospace, and commercial transport systems.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe drive to advance the frontiers of nanotechnology has become a major global initiative with profound economic, military, and environmental implications. Nanotechnology has tremendous commercial and economic implications with a projected $ 1.2 trillion-dollar global market. This book describes current research in the field and details its\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEditor in Chief xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Overview: Affirmation of Nanotechnology between 2000 and 2030 1\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMihail C. Roco\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Nanotechnology – A FoundationalMegatrend in Science and Engineering 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Three Stages for Establishing the New General Purpose Technology 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Several Challenges for Nanotechnology Development 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 About the Return on Investment 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Closing Remarks 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Nanocarbon Materials in Catalysis 25\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eXing Zhang, Xiao Zhang, and Yongye Liang\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction to Nanocarbon Materials 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Synthesis and Functionalization of Nanocarbon Materials 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Synthesis and Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Synthesis and Functionalization of Graphene and Graphene Oxide 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Synthesis and Functionalization of Carbon Nanodots 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.4 Synthesis and Functionalization of Mesoporous Carbon 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Applications of Nanocarbon Materials in Electrocatalysis 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Oxygen Reduction Reaction 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Oxygen Evolution Reaction 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Hydrogen Evolution Reaction 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.4 Roles of Nanocarbon Materials in Catalytic CO2 Reduction Reaction 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Applications of Nanocarbon Materials in Photocatalysis 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Application of Nanocarbon Materials as Photogenerated Charge Acceptors 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Application of Nanocarbon Materials as Electron Shuttle Mediator 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 Application of Nanocarbon Materials as Cocatalyst for Photocatalysts 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.4 Application of Nanocarbon Materials as Active Photocatalyst 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Summary 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Controlling and Characterizing Anisotropic Nanomaterial Dispersion 65\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eVirginia A. Davis andMicah J. Green\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 What Is Dispersion andWhy Is It Important? 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Factors Affecting Dispersion 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Thermodynamic Dissolution of Pristine Nanomaterials 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Intermolecular Potential in Dispersions 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Functionalization of Nanomaterials 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5 Physical Mixing 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5.1 Sonication 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5.2 Solvent IntercalationMethods 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5.3 Shear Mixing Methods 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Characterizing Dispersion State in Fluids 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Visualization 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Spectroscopy 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 TEM 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4 AFM 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.5 Light Scattering 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.6 Rheology 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Characterization of Dispersion State in Solidified Materials 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Microscopy 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Electrical Percolation 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Mechanical Property Enhancement 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4 Thermal Property Changes 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Conclusion 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 High-Throughput Nanomanufacturing via Spray Processes 101\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGauri Nabar,Matthew Souva, Kil Ho Lee, Souvik De, Jodie Lutkenhaus, Barbara Wyslouzil, and Jessica\u003c\/i\u003e \u003ci\u003eO.Winter\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Flash Nanoprecipitation 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Overview 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Importance of Rapid Mixing 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Mixers Employed in FNP 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3.1 Confined Impinging Jet Mixers (CIJMs) 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3.2 Multi-Inlet Vortex Mixers (MIVMs) 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3.3 Mixer Selection 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4 FNP Product Structure 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.5 Applications of FNP Nanocomposites 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Electrospray 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Overview 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Single Nozzle Electrospray 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2.1 Forces and Modes of Electrospray 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2.2 Applications of Single Nozzle Electrospray 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Coaxial Electrospray 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3.1 Configuration 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3.2 Applications 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Future Directions 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Liquid-in-Liquid Electrospray 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Overview 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Importance of Relative Conductivities of the Dispersed and Continuous Phases 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3 Modified Liquid-in-Liquid Electrospray Designs 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.4 Applications and Future Directions 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Spray-Assisted Layer-by-Layer Assembly 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Overview 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Influence of Processing Parameters on Film Quality 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2.1 Effect of Concentration 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2.2 Effect of Spraying Time 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2.3 Effect of Spraying Distance 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2.4 Effect of Air Pressure 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2.5 Effect of Charge Density 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2.6 Effect of Rinsing and Blow-Drying 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2.7 Effect of Rinsing Solution 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3 Applications 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.4 Future Directions 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Conclusion and Future Directions 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Overview of Nanotechnology in Military and Aerospace Applications 133\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eEugene Edwards, Christina Brantley, and Paul B. Ruffin\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Implications of Nanotechnology in Military and Aerospace Systems Applications 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Nano-Based Microsensor Technology for the Detection of Chemical Agents 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1.1 Design Approach 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1.2 Experiment 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1.3 Results 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Voltammetric Techniques 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.1 Design Approach 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.2 Experimental\/Test Setup 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.3 Results 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Functionalized Nanowires – Zinc Oxide 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3.1 Design Approach 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3.2 Experimental\/Test Setup 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3.3 Results 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.4 Functionalized Nanowires – Tin Oxide 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.4.1 Design Approach 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.4.2 Prototype Configuration\/Testing 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.4.3 Results 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Nanotechnology for Missile Health Monitoring 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Nanoporous Membrane Sensors 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1.1 Design Approach 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1.2 Experimental Setup and Prototype Configuration 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1.3 Results 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Multichannel Chip with Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Sensor Arrays 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2.1 Design Concept 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2.2 Experimental Configuration 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2.3 Results 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 Optical Spectroscopic Configured Sensing Techniques – Fiber Optics 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3.1 Design Concept Spectroscopic Sensing 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3.2 Experimental Approach\/Aged Propellant Samples 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3.3 Results from Absorption Measurements 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Nanoenergetics – Missile Propellants 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1.1 Design Approach 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1.2 Experiment 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1.3 Results 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2.1 Design Approach 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2.2 Experiment 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2.3 Results 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Nanocomposites for Missile Motor Casings and Structural Components 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1 Thermal Methods 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2 VibrationalMethods 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2.1 Design Approach 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2.2 Experiment 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2.3 Results 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Nanoplasmonics 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.1 Metallic Nanostructures 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.2 Gallium-Based UV Plasmonics 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Nanothermal Batteries and Supercapacitors 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 Conclusion 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Novel Polymer Nanocomposite Ablative Technologies for Thermal Protection of Propulsion and\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cb\u003eReentry Systems for Space Applications 177\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJoseph H. Koo and Thomas O. Mensah\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Motor Nozzle and Insulation Materials 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Behavior of Ablative Materials 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Advanced Polymer Nanocomposite Ablatives 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Polymer Nanocomposites for Motor Nozzle 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1.1 Phenolic Nanocomposites Studies byThe University of Texas at Austin 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1.2 Phenolic-MWNT Nanocomposites Studies by Texas State University-San Marcos 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Polymer Nanocomposites for Internal Insulation 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2.1 Thermoplastic Polyurethane Nanocomposite (TPUN) Studies by The University of Texas at Austin 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 New Sensing Technology 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 In situ Ablation Recession and Thermal Sensors 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.1 Production of the C\/C Sensor Plugs 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.2 Ablation Test Results of Carbon\/Carbon Sensors 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.3 Ablation Test Results of Carbon\/Phenolic Carbon Sensors 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.4 Other Ablation Sensors Results 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.5 Summary and Conclusions 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Char Strength Sensor 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2.1 Setup and Calibration of Compression Sensor 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2.2 Analysis Method 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2.3 Char Compressive Strength Results 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2.4 Additional Considerations on the Interpretation of the Data 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2.5 Concluding Remarks 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Technologies Needed to Advance Polymer Nanocomposite Ablative Research 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Thermophysical Properties Characterization 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1.1 Thermal Conductivity 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1.2 Thermal Expansion 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1.3 Density and Composition 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1.4 Microstructure 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1.5 Elemental Composition 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1.6 Char Yield 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1.7 Specific Heat 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1.8 Heat of Combustion 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1.9 Optical Properties 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1.10 Porosity 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1.11 Permeability 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 Ablation Modeling 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Summary and Conclusion 236 Nomenclature 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcronyms 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Manufacture of Multiscale Composites 245\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDavid O. Olawale,Micah C. McCrary-Dennis, and Okenwa O. Okoli\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1 Multifunctionality of Multiscale Composites 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2 Nanomaterials 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Nanoconstituents Preparation Processes 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Functionalization of CNTs 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1.1 Chemical Functionalization 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1.2 Physical (Noncovalent) Functionalization 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2.1 Ultrasonication 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2.2 Calendering Process 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2.3 Ball Milling 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2.4 Stir and Extrusion 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Alignment of CNTS 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3.1 Ex situ Alignment 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3.2 Force Field-Induced Alignment of CNTs 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3.3 Magnetic Field-Induced Alignment of CNTs 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3.4 Electrospinning-Induced Alignment of CNTs 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3.5 Liquid Crystalline Phase-induced Alignment of CNTs 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Liquid Composites Molding (LCM) Processes for Multiscale Composites Manufacturing 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Vacuum-Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 Resin Film Infusion (RFI) 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4 The Resin Infusion under Flexible Tooling (RIFT) and Resin Infusion between Double Flexible Tooling (RIDFT) 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.5 Autoclave Manufacturing 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.6 Out-of-Autoclave Manufacturing: Quickset 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.6.1 Quickstep 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Continuous Manufacturing Processes for Multiscale Composites 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Pultrusion 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 FilamentWinding 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Challenges and Advances in Multiscale Composites Manufacturing – Environmental, Health, and Safety (E, H, \u0026amp; S) 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Nanoconstituents Processing Hazards 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 Composite Production and Processing 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.3 Life Cycle Assessment – Use and Disposal 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Modeling and Simulation Tools for Multiscale Composites Manufacture 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1 Nanoparticle Modeling 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.2 Molecular Modeling 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.3 Simulation 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Conclusion 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Bioinspired Systems 285\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eOluwamayowa Adigun, Alexander S. Freer, LaurieMueller, Christopher Gilpin, BryanW. Boudouris,\u003c\/i\u003e \u003ci\u003eand Michael T. Harris\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction and Literature Overview 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Electrical Properties of a Single Palladium-Coated Biotemplate 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Materials and Methods 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Results and Discussion 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Conclusion and Outlook 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Prediction of Carbon Nanotube Buckypaper Mechanical Properties with Integrated Physics-Based and Statistical Models 307\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eKanWang, Arda Vanli, Chuck Zhang, and BenWang\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Manufacturing Process of Buckypaper 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Finite Element-Based ComputationalModels for Buckypaper Mechanical Property Prediction 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Calibration and Adjustment of FE Models with Statistical Methods 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Summary 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Fabrication and Fatigue of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Nanocomposites – A Tool for Quality Control\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cb\u003e335\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDaniel C. Davis and Thomas O. Mensah\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Materials 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Carbon Fabric and Fiber 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Glass Fabric and Fibers 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Polymer Resin 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.4 Carbon Nanotubes 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.5 Carbon Nanofibers 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.6 Nanoclays 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Composite Fabrication 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 Hand Layup 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Resin Transfer Molding 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Discussion – Fatigue and Fracture 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Fatigue and Durability 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Carbon Nanotube – Polymer Matrix Composites 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.3 Carbon Nanofiber – Polymer Matrix Composites 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.4 Nanoclay – PolymerMatrix Composites 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Summary and Conclusion 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Nanoclays: A Review of Their Toxicological Profiles and Risk Assessment Implementation Strategies\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cb\u003e369\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAlixandra Wagner, Rakesh Gupta, and Cerasela Z. Dinu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Nanoclay Structure and Resulting Applications 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Nanoclays in Food Packaging Applications 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Possible Toxicity upon Implementation of Nanoclay in Consumer Applications 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 In Vitro Studies Reveal the Potential of Nanoclay to Induce Changes in Cellular Viability 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2 Proposed Mechanisms of Toxicity for the In Vitro Cellular Studies 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.3 In Vivo Evaluation of Nanoclay Toxicity 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Conclusion and Outlook 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Nanotechnology EHS: Manufacturing and Colloidal Aspects 395\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGeoffrey D. Bothun and Vinka Oyanedel-Craver\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.1 Challenges 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.2 Recent Initiatives and Reviews 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Colloidal Properties and Environmental Transformations 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Assessing Nano EHS 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Example: Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2 Role of Manufacturing 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 417\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49407040422231,"sku":"9781119371724","price":97.16,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119371724.jpg?v=1730497969","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/nanotechnology-commercialization-9781119371724","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}