{"product_id":"monitoring-for-health-hazards-at-work-9781119614968","title":"Monitoring for Health Hazards at Work","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eList of Figures xviii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xxv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements xxvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnits and Abbreviations xxviii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 1 Introduction 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1 Occupational Hygiene and Risk Assessment 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Hazard and Risk 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Risk Assessment 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 The Stages of a Risk Assessment 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Identify the Hazard 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Decide Who Might Be Affected and How 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.3 Evaluate the Risks 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.4 Take Preventative and Protective Measures 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.5 Record the Significant Findings 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.6 Review the Assessment Regularly and Revise It If Necessary 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Who Should Carry Out Risk Assessment? 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2 Identifying Hazards 17\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Identifying Hazards 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Example of Hazard Identification 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Conclusions Arising from a Hazard Assessment 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3 Exposure, Exposure Routes and Exposure Pathways 23\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Exposure Routes 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Exposure Pathways 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Measuring Exposure 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Biological Monitoring 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Exposure Assessment: What the Legislation Requires 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Conclusions 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4 The Exposure Context 32\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Context for Measurement 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Sources of Hazardous Substances 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Dispersion Through the Workroom 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Receptor 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Jobs and Tasks 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Conclusion 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5 Modelling Exposure 39\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Worst‐Case Models 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Control Banding and COSHH Essentials 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Worked Example 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Screening Tools Used for Regulation of Chemicals in Europe 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 ECETOC TRA 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Stoffenmanager.nl 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 Worked Example 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.4 Overall Reliability of These Tools 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 The Advanced REACH Tool 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Bayesian Statistics 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 The ART 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.3 Worked Example 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Conclusions and Prospects 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6 Why Measure? 54\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Reasons for Undertaking Monitoring 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 To Support a Risk Assessment 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 To Assess Compliance with an OEL 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 To Make a Comparison with Existing Data 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4 To Provide Baseline Information on the Exposure Distributions Within a Plant 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.5 Supporting Information for Registration Submissions Under the REACH Regulations 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.6 Containment Capability Studies 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.7 To Underpin a Research Study 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7 How to Carry Out a Survey 59\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Planning the Survey 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Workplace Monitoring 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Monitoring Strategies 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Quality Assurance and Quality Control 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8 Analysis of Measurement Results 69\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Dealing with Variability in Measurement Results 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Summary Statistics and Data Presentation 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Testing Compliance 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Worked Example 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Other Software Tools to Aid Data Analysis 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 9 Introduction to Control 80\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Specific Control Measures 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Elimination 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 Substitution 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.3 Total Enclosure 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.4 Technological Solutions 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.5 Segregation 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.6 Partial Enclosure 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.7 Local Ventilation 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.8 General Ventilation 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.9 Personal Protective Equipment 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 The Effectiveness of Control Measures 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 10 The Importance of Good Records and How to Write a Survey Report 89\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Record, Educate and Influence 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Measurement Records 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Survey Reports 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 General Principles of Writing a Good Report 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Report Structure 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3 Common Pitfalls and Administrative Points 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 11 Risk Assessment 98\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Identify All Hazardous Substances or Agents 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Identify the Likely Levels of Exposure 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Identify All Persons Likely to be Exposed 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Assess Whether the Exposures are Likely to Cause Harm 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Consider Elimination or Substitution 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Define Additional Control Measures Necessary to Reduce the Harm to Acceptable Levels 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 12 Risk Communication 107\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Risk Perception 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Trust 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Principles of Good Risk Communication 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 Know Your Constraints Before You Start 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 Define the Role of the Communicator 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.3 Research Your Audience 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.4 Timing 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 The Presentation 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Communicating Risk 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Quantitative Risk Assessment to Aid Risk Communication 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 2 Hazardous Substances 119\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 13 An Introduction to Hazardous Substances 121\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 The Complexities of Modern Workplaces 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 The Top Five Hazardous Carcinogens 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Substances of Concern for the Respiratory System 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Pesticides, Pharmaceuticals and Other Biologically Active Substances 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Organic Chemicals 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Summary 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 14 Dust, Particles and Fibrous Aerosols 128\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Airborne Particulate Matter 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Fibres 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Measurement of Airborne Particulate and Fibre Concentrations 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.1 Filters 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.2 Filter Holders and Sampling Heads 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Measurement of Flow Rate 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Pumps 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 Direct‐Reading Aerosol Monitors 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.8 Flow Rate Measurement Using a Rotameter or Electronic Flow Calibrator by Using the Soap Bubble Method 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.9 The Measurement of Inhalable Airborne Dust 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.9.1 Equipment Required 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.9.2 Method 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.9.3 Calculations 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.9.4 Possible Problems 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.10 The Measurement of Airborne Respirable Dust by Using a Cyclone Sampler 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.10.1 Equipment Required 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.10.2 Method 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.10.3 Calculations 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.10.4 Possible Problems 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.11 Measurement of Nanoparticles 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.12 The Sampling and Counting of Airborne Asbestos Fibres 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.12.1 Equipment Required for Sampling 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.12.2 Method for Sampling 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.12.3 Fibre Counting and Generating Concentration Data 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.12.4 Method of Evaluation 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.12.5 Calculations 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.12.6 Possible Problems 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.13 The Choice of Filter and Filter Holder to Suit a Specific Dust, Fume or Mist 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.14 To Trace the Behaviour of a Dust Cloud by Using a Tyndall Beam 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.14.1 Equipment Required 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.14.2 Method 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNote 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 15 Gases and Vapours 163\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Collection Devices 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1 Adsorption Methods 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2 Adsorbent Tubes 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.3 Passive Samplers 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.4 Colorimetric Detector Tubes 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Containers 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Direct‐Reading Instruments 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 To Measure Personal Exposure to Solvent Vapours Using an Adsorbent Tube 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5.1 Equipment Required 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5.2 Method 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5.3 Calculations 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5.4 Example 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 16 Bioaerosols 181\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Classification of Microorganisms 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Viruses 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Bacteria 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Moulds and Yeasts 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Allergens 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7 Principles of Containment 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8 Monitoring Bioaerosols 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9 Measurement of Endotoxins and Allergens 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.10 Interpretation of Sample Results 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 17 Dermal and Inadvertent Ingestion Exposure 196\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Introduction 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Occupations Where Dermal Exposure is Important 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Local and Systemic Effects 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 How Do We Know If Dermal Exposure is an Issue? 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 What Do We Measure? 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.6 Methods for Dermal Exposure Measurement 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.7 Sampling Strategy 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.8 Liquids and Solids 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.9 Biomonitoring and Modelling of Dermal Exposure 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.10 From Exposure to Uptake 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.11 Controlling Dermal Exposure 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.12 Inadvertent Ingestion Exposure 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 18 Human Biomonitoring 217\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Introduction 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Selection of a Suitable HBM Method 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Examples of HBM 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Study Protocols 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Interpretation of HBM Data 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 3 Physical Agents 225\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 19 An Introduction to Physical Agents 227\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Introduction 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Physical Agents in the Workplace 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Noise and Vibration 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 Thermal Environment 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Ionising and Non‐ionising Radiation 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 20 Noise 233\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1 Introduction 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 Frequency 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3 Duration 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4 Occupational Exposure Limits 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5 Pressure and Magnitude of Pressure Variation 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.6 Equipment Available 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7 Sound Level Metres and Personal Noise Dosimeters 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.8 Personal Noise Dosimeters 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.9 Calibration 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.10 Collecting Noise Measurements 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.10.1 Using an SLM 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.10.2 Results 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.11 To Measure Workplace Noise Using a PND 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.11.1 Using a PND 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.11.2 Results 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.11.3 Possible Complications 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.12 To Measure the Spectrum of a Continuous Noise by Octave Band Analysis 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.12.1 Collecting a Spectrum of a Continuous Noise by Octave Band Analysis 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.12.2 Results 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.13 To Determine the Degree of Noise Exposure and the Actions to Take 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNote 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 21 Vibration 257\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1 Introduction 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2 Vibration 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3 Occupational Exposure Limits 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4 Risk Assessment 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5 Measurements and Measurement Equipment 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.6 Hand–Arm Vibration Measurement Calculations 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.6.1 Reporting of Vibration\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExposure Data 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.7 Control of Vibration 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 22 Heat and Cold 269\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.1 Introduction 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2 Heat Stress 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3 Measurement Equipment 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3.1 Dry Bulb Thermometers 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3.2 Wet-bulb Thermometers 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3.3 Air Speed 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3.4 Globe Thermometer 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3.5 Integrating WBGT Instruments 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.4 Personal Physiological Monitoring 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.5 Measurement of the Thermal Environment 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.6 Predicted Heat Strain Index 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.7 Risk Assessment Strategy 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.8 Control of Hot Environments 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.9 Thermal Comfort 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.10 Cold Environments 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.11 To Calculate the Wind Chill Factor 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.11.1 Procedure 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 23 Lighting 290\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.1 Introduction 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.2 Lighting Standards 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.3 Equipment Available 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4 Calibration 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.5 To Measure Lighting 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.5.1 Aim 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.5.2 Equipment Required 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.5.3 Method 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.5.4 Possible Problems 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.5.5 Results and Comparison with Guidance 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.5.6 Reporting 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.6 Control 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 24 Ionising Radiation 301\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.1 Introduction 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.2 Ionising Radiation 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.3 Background Radiation 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.4 Basic Concepts and Quantities 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.5 Types of Radiation 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.6 Energy 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.7 Activity 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.8 Radiation Dose Units 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.8.1 Absorbed Dose and Dose Equivalent 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.8.2 To Calculate Dose Equivalent 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.8.3 Dose Rate 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.9 Dose Limits 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.10 Derived Limits 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.11 Procedures to Minimise Occupational Dose 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.12 Personal Dosimetry and Medical Surveillance 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.12.1 Monitoring of Ionising Radiation in Work Areas 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.12.2 Personal Monitoring for External Dose 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.12.3 Film Badge Dosimeter 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.12.3.1 Advantages of the Film Badge Dosimeter 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.12.3.2 Disadvantages 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.12.4 Thermoluminescent Dosimeter 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.12.4.1 Advantages Thermoluminescent Dosimeter 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.12.4.2 Disadvantages 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.12.5 Direct‐Reading Monitors 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.12.5.1 Disadvantages of Direct‐reading Monitors 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.12.6 Air Monitoring 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 25 Non‐Ionising Radiation 321\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.1 Introduction 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.2 Ultraviolet Radiation 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.3 Visible and Infrared Radiation 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.4 Blue Light 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.5 Microwaves, Radiowaves and Low‐frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.6 Lasers 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 4 Control of Hazards 333\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 26 Assessing the Effectiveness of Exposure Controls 335\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.1 Introduction 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.2 The Effectiveness of Control Measures 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.2.1 Elimination and Substitution 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.2.1.1 Case Study: Replacement of Trichloroethylene for Cleaning Textiles 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.2.2 Ventilation and Control Measures at Source 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.2.2.1 Case Study: Enclosure of Beryllium Processing 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.2.3 Personal Protective Equipment 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.2.4 Using Effectiveness Data 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.2.4.1 Case Study: Loading Pharmaceuticals into a Process Vessel 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.3 Measuring Exposure to Assess the Effectiveness of Controls 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.3.1 Case Study: Use of Push‐Pull Ventilation in Hand Soldering 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 27 Assessing Local Ventilation Control Systems 345\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.1 Introduction 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.2 Air Pressure 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.2.1 Static Pressure (ps) 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.2.2 Velocity Pressure (pv) 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.2.3 Total Pressure (pt) 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.3 Measurement Equipment 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.3.1 Pressure‐Measuring Instruments 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.3.2 Air Velocity Measuring Instruments 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.3.2.1 Vane Anemometers 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.3.2.2 Heated Sensor Anemometers 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.3.2.3 Velocity Pressure Devices 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.3.2.4 Smoke Tube Kit 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.3.2.5 Calibration 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.3.2.6 Tyndall Beam 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.3.3 Barometric Pressure Instruments 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.4 Ventilation Measurement Records 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.5 Measurement of Air Flow in Ducts 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.5.1 Aim 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.5.2 Equipment Required 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.5.3 Method 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.5.4 Calculation 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.5.5 Example 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.5.6 Possible Problems 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.6 Measurement of Pressure in Ventilation Systems 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.6.1 Aim 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.6.2 Equipment Required 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.6.3 Method 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.6.4 Results 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.6.5 Possible Problems 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.7 To Measure the Face Velocity on a Booth, Hood or Fume Cupboard 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.7.1 Aim 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.7.2 Equipment Required 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.7.3 Method 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.7.4 Results 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.7.5 Possible Problems 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 28 Personal Protective Equipment 372\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.1 Introduction 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2 Components of An Effective PPE Programme 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2.1 Assessment of Risks and Identification of Where Control is Required 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2.2 Implement All Feasible Controls 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2.3 Identify Who Needs Residual Protection 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2.4 Inform Wearers of the Consequences of Exposure 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2.5 Select PPE Adequate to Control Residual Exposure 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2.5.1 Case Study 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2.6 Involve Wearers in the PPE Selection Process 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2.7 Match PPE to Each Individual Wearer 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2.8 Carry Out Objective Fit‐Tests of RPE 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2.9 Ensure That PPE Does not Exacerbate or Create Risks 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2.10 Ensure PPE are Mutually Compatible 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2.11 Train Wearers in the Correct Use of Their PPE 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2.12 Supervise Wearers to Ensure Correct Use of PPE 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2.13 Maintain PPE in Efficient and Hygienic Condition 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2.14 Inspect PPE to Ensure it is Correctly Maintained 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2.15 Provide Suitable Storage Facilities for PPE 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2.16 Record Maintenance and Inspection Data 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2.17 Monitor Programme to Ensure its Continuing Effectiveness 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 5 The Future 387\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 29 Monitoring for Hazards at Work in the Future 389\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.1 What the Future Holds for Monitoring Hazards at Work 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix: Survey checklists 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEquipment Suppliers 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical Analytical Services 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 407\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley and Sons Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49407099896151,"sku":"9781119614968","price":55.05,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119614968.jpg?v=1730498177","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/monitoring-for-health-hazards-at-work-9781119614968","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}