{"product_id":"modern-forensic-tools-and-devices-9781119760412","title":"Modern Forensic Tools and Devices","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eMODERN FORENSIC TOOLS AND DEVICES\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe book offers a comprehensive overview of the latest technologies and techniques used in forensic investigations and highlights the potential impact of these advancements on the field.\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTechnology has played a pivotal role in advancing forensic science over the years, particularly in modern-day criminal investigations. In recent years, significant advancements in forensic tools and devices have enabled investigators to gather and analyze evidence more efficiently than ever. \u003ci\u003eModern Forensic Tools and Devices: Trends in Criminal Investigation \u003c\/i\u003eis a comprehensive guide to the latest technologies and techniques used in forensic science. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book covers a wide range of topics, from computer forensics and personal digital assistants to emerging analytical techniques for forensic samples. A section of the book provides detailed explanations of each technology and its applications in forensic investigations, along with case studi\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Computer Forensics and Personal Digital Assistants 1\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMuhammad Qadeer, Chaudhery Ghazanfer Hussain and Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.1 Computer and Digital Forensics 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Digital Forensics Classification 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Digital Evidence 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Information Used in Investigation to Find Digital Evidence 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Short History of Digital\/Computer Forensics 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 The World of Crimes 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.1 Cybercrimes vs. Traditional Crimes 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Computer Forensics Investigation Steps 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Report Generation of Forensic Findings Through Software Tools 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9 Importance of Forensics Report 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10 Guidelines for Report Writing 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.11 Objectives of Computer Forensics 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.12 Challenges Faced by Computer Forensics 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Network and Data Analysis Tools for Forensic Science 23\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eShrutika Singla, Shruthi Subhash and Amarnath Mishra\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Necessity for Data Analysis 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Operational Troubleshooting 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Log Monitoring 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Data Recovery 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.4 Data Acquisition 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Data Analysis Process 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Acquisition 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Examination 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Utilization 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.4 Review 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Network Security and Forensics 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Digital Forensic Investigation Process 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 Data Identification 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 Project Planning 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.3 Data Capture 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.4 Data Processing 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.5 Data Analysis 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.6 Report Generation 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Tools for Network and Data Analysis 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1 EnCase Forensic Imager Tool 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.2 Cellebrite UFED 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.3 FTK Imager Tool 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.4 Paladin Forensic Suite 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.5 Digital Forensic Framework (DFF) 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.6 Forensic Imager Tx 1 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.7 Tableau TD2U Forensic Duplicator 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.8 Oxygen Forensics Detective 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.9 SANS Investigative Forensic Toolkit (SIFT) 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.10 Win Hex 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.11 Computer Online Forensic Evidence Extractor (COFEE) 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.12 WindowsSCOPE Toolkit 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.13 ProDiscover Forensics 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.14 Sleuth Kit 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.15 Caine 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.16 Magnet RAM Capture 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.17 X-Ways Forensics 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.18 WireShark Tool 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.19 Xplico 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.20 e-Fensee 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Evolution of Network Data Analysis Tools Over the Years 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Conclusion 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Cloud and Social Media Forensics 41\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eNilay Mistry and Sureel Vora\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Background Study 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Social Networking Trend Among Users 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Pros and Cons of Social Networking and Chat Apps 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Privacy Issues in Social Networking and Chat Apps 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Usefulness of Personal Information for Law Enforcements 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5 Cloud Computing and Social Media Applications 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5.1 SaaS Model 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5.2 PaaS Model 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5.3 IaaS Model 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Technical Study 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 User-Agent and Its Working 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Automated Agents and Their User-Agent String 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 User Agent Spoofing and Sniffing 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4 Link Forwarding and Rich Preview 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.5 WebView and its User Agent 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.6 HTTP Referrer and Referring Page 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.7 Application ID 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Methodology 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Testing Environment 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Research and Analysis 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2.1 Activities Performed 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2.2 Information Gathered 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2.3 Analysis of Gathered Information 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Activity Performed - Opening the Forwarded Link 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Protection Against Leakage 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Conclusion 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Future Work 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Vehicle Forensics 65\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDisha Bhatnagar and Piyush K. Rao\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.1 Motives Behind Vehicular Theft 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.1.1 Insurance Fraud 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.1.2 Resale and Export 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.1.3 Temporary Transportation 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.1.4 Commitment of Another Crime 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Intervehicle Communication and Vehicle Internal Networks 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Classification of Vehicular Forensics 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Automative Vehicle Forensics 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1.1 Live Forensics 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1.2 Post-Mortem Forensics 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1.3 Physical Tools for Forensic Investigation 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Forensics (UAV)\/Drone Forensics 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2.1 Methodology 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2.2 Steps Involved in Drone Forensics 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2.3 Challenges in UAV Forensics 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Vehicle Identification Number 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Placement in a Vehicle and Usage of a VIN 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Vehicle Identification 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2.1 Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Certification Label 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2.2 Anti-Theft Label 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2.3 Stamping on Vehicle Parts 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2.4 Secondary and Confidential VIN 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Serial Number Restoration 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Restoration Methods 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1.1 Chemical Etching 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1.2 Electrolytic Etching 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1.3 Heat Treatment 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1.4 Magnetic Particle Method 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1.5 Electron Channeling Contrast 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Conclusion 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Facial Recognition and Reconstruction 85\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePayal V. Bhatt, Piyush K. Rao and Deepak Rawtani\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Facial Recognition 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Facial Reconstruction 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Techniques for Facial Recognition 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Image-Based Facial Recognition 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1.1 Appearance-Based Method 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1.2 Model-Based Method 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1.3 Texture-Based Method 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Video-Based Facial Recognition 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2.1 Sequence-Based Method 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2.2 Set-Based Method 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Techniques for Facial Reconstruction 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Manual Method 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 Graphical Method 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.3 Computerized Method 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Challenges in Forensic Face Recognition 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1 Facial Aging 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2 Face Marks 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3 Forensic Sketch Recognition 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.4 Face Recognition in Video 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.5 Near Infrared (NIR) Face Recognition 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Soft Biometrics 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Application Areas of Facial Recognition 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 Application of Facial Reconstruction 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10 Conclusion 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Automated Fingerprint Identification System 107\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePiyush K. Rao, Shreya Singh, Aayush Dey, Deepak Rawtani and Garvita Parikh\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Ten-Digit Fingerprint Classification 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Henry Faulds Classification System 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Manual Method for the Identification of Latent Fingerprint 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Need for Automation 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Automated Fingerprint Identification System 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 History of Automatic Fingerprint Identification System 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Automated Method of Analysis 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 Segmentation 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10 Enhancement and Quality Assessment 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.11 Feature Extraction 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.12 Latent Fingerprint Matching 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.13 Latent Fingerprint Database 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.14 Conclusion 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Forensic Sampling and Sample Preparation 125\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDisha Bhatnagar, Piyush K. Rao and Deepak Rawtani\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Advancement in Technologies Used in Forensic Science 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Evidences 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Classification of Evidences 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1.1 Direct Evidence 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1.2 Circumstantial Evidence 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Collection of Evidences 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Sampling Methods 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Sample Preparation Techniques for Analytical Instruments 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Conventional Methods of Sample Preparation 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 Solvent Extraction 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2.1 Distillation 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2.2 Acid Digestion 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2.3 Solid Phase Extraction 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2.4 Soxhlet Extraction 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.3 Modern Methods of Sample Preparation 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.3.1 Accelerated Solvent Extraction 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.3.2 Microwave Digestion 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.3.3 Ultrasonication-Assisted Extraction 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.3.4 Microextraction 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.3.5 Supercritical Fluid Extraction 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.3.6 QuEChERS 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.3.7 Membrane Extraction 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Conclusion 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Future Perspective 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Spectroscopic Analysis Techniques in Forensic Science 149\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePayal V. Bhatt and Deepak Rawtani\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Spectroscopy 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Spectroscopy and its Applications 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Spectroscopy and Forensics 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Spectroscopic Techniques and their Forensic Applications 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1.1 Application of X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy in Forensics 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 UV\/Visible Spectroscopy 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2.1 Application of UV\/Vis Spectroscopy in Forensics 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.3 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.3.1 Application of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy in Forensics 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.4 Infrared Spectroscopy 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.4.1 Application of Infrared Spectroscopy in Forensics 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.5 Raman Spectroscopy 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.5.1 Application of Raman Spectroscopy in Forensics 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.6 Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.6.1 Application of Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy in Forensics 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.7 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.7.1 Application of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Forensics 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.8 Atomic Emission Spectroscopy 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.8.1 Application of Atomic Emission Spectroscopy in Forensics 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.9 X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.9.1 Application of X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy in Forensics 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.10 Fluorescence Spectroscopy 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.10.1 Application of Fluorescence Spectroscopy in Forensics 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.11 Phosphorescence Spectroscopy 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.11.1 Application of Phosphorescence Spectroscopy in Forensics 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.12 Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.12.1 Application of Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy in Forensics 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.13 Chemiluminescence Spectroscopy 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.13.1 Application of Chemiluminescence Spectroscopy in Forensics 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Conclusion 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Emerging Analytical Techniques in Forensic Samples 199\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDisha Bhatnagar and Piyush K. Rao\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Separation Techniques 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Chromatography 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1.1 Gas Chromatography 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 Liquid Chromatography 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.3 Capillary Electrophoresis 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Mass Spectrometry 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Tandem Mass (MS\/MS) 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Laser Ablation–Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Conclusion 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 DNA Sequencing and Rapid DNA Tests 225\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eArchana Singh and Deepak Rawtani\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.1 DNA Sequencing 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.2 DNA Profiling Analysis Methods 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.3 The Rapid DNA Test 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 DNA – The Hereditary Material 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 DNA – Structure and Genetic Information 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 DNA Sequencing 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 Maxam and Gilbert Method 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Chain Termination Method or Sanger’s Sequencing 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3 Automated Method 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.4 Semiautomated Method 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.5 Pyrosequencing Method 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.6 Clone by Clone Sequencing Method 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.7 The Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing Method 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.8 Next-Generation DNA Sequencing 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Laboratory Processing and DNA Evidence Analysis 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.3 Short Tandem Repeats (STR) 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.4 Mitochondrial DNA (mt-DNA) 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.5 Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (aflp) 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.6 Y-Chromosome 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Rapid DNA Test 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.1 The Evolution of the Rapid DNA Test 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.2 Rapid DNA Instrument 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.3 Methodology of Rapid DNA 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Conclusion and Future Aspects 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Sensor-Based Devices for Trace Evidence 265\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAayush Dey, Piyush K. Rao and Deepak Rawtani\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Immunosensors in Forensic Science 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Direct Immunosensing Strategies 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1.1 Surface Plasmon Resonance 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1.2 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1.3 Piezoelectric Immunosensors 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Indirect Immunosensing Strategies 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2.1 Optical Immunosensors 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2.2 Electrochemical Immunosensors 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Genosensors and Cell-Based Biosensors in Forensic Science 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Aptasensors in Forensic Science 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 Forensic Applications of Aptasensors 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Enzymatic Biosensors in Forensic Science 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1 Applications of Enzymatic Biosensors for Trace Evidence Analysis 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Conclusion 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Biomimetic Devices for Trace Evidence Detection 299\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eManika and Astha Pandey\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Tools or Machines for Biomimetics 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Methods of Biomimetics 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Applications 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 Detection of Trace Evidences 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1.1 Biomimetic Sniffing 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1.2 L-Nicotine Detection 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1.3 TNT Detection 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 Hybrid Materials to Medical Devices 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2.1 Smart Drug Delivery Micro and Nanodevices 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2.2 Nanodevices for Combination of Therapy and Theranostics 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2.3 Continuous Biosensors for Glucose 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2.4 Electro-Active Lenses 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2.5 Smart Tattoos 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Challenges for Biomimetics in Practice 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Conclusion 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Forensic Photography 315\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAayush Dey, Piyush K. Rao and Deepak Rawtani\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Forensic Photography and Its Purpose 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Modern Principles of Forensic Photography 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Fundamental Rules of Forensic Photography 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1 Rule Number 1. Filling the Frame Space 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2 Rule Number 2. Expansion of Depth of Field 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.3 Rule Number 3. Positioning the Film Plane 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Camera Setup and Apparatus for Forensic Photography 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 The Dynamics of a Digital Camera 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.1 Types of Digital Cameras 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.2 Sensor Architecture 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.2.1 Full Frame 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.2.2 Frame Transfer 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.2.3 Interline Architecture 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.3 Spectral Response 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.4 Light Sensitivity and Noise Cancellation 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.5 Dynamic Range 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.6 Blooming and Anti-Blooming 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.7 Signal to Noise Ratio 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.8 Spatial Resolution 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.9 Frame Rate 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Common Crime Scenarios and How They Must be Photographed 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.1 Photography of Road Traffic Accidents 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.2 Photography of Homicides 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.3 Arson Crime Scenes 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.4 Photography of Print Impressions at a Crime Scene 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.5 Tire Marks and Their Photography 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.6 Photography of Skin Wounds 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8 Conclusion 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Scanners and Microscopes 335\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAayush Dey, Piyush K. Rao and Deepak Rawtani\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Scanners in Forensic Science 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.1 Three-Dimensional Laser Scanners 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.1.1 Benefits of Three-Dimensional Laser Scanners 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.1.2 Drawbacks of Three-Dimensional Laser Scanners 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.1.3 Applications in Forensic Science 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.2 Structured Light Scanners 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.2.1 Applications in Forensic Science 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.3 Intraoral Optical Scanners 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.3.1 Applications in Forensic Science 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.4 Computerized Tomography Scanner 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.4.1 Applications in Forensic Science 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Microscopes in Forensic Science 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.1 Light Microscopes 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.1.1 Compound Microscope 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.1.2 Comparison Microscope 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.1.3 Polarizing Microscope 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.1.4 Stereoscopic Microscope 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.2 Electron Microscopes 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.2.1 Scanning Electron Microscope 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.2.2 Transmission Electron Microscope 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.3 Probing Microscopes 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.3.1 Atomic Force Microscope 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Conclusion 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Recent Advances in Forensic Tools 361\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eTatenda Justice Gunda, Charles Muchabaiwa, Piyush K. Rao, Aayush Dey and Deepak Rawtani\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1.1 Recent Forensic Tool: Trends in Crime Investigations 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1.2 Recent Forensic Device 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Classification of Forensic Tools and Devices 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1 Forensic Chemistry 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1.1 Sensors 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1.2 Chromatographic Techniques 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1.3 Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1.4 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1.5 Liquid Chromatography (LC\/MS\/MS) Rapid Toxicology Screening System 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1.6 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1.7 Drug Testing Toxicology of Hair 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2 Question Document and Fingerprinting 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2.1 Electrostatic Detection Analysis (esda) 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2.2 Video Spectral Comparator 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2.3 Fingerprinting 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.3 Forensic Physics 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.3.1 Facial Recognition 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.3.2 3D Facial Reconstruction 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.3.3 Arsenal Automated Ballistic Identification System (ABIS) 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.3.4 Audio Video Aided Forensic Analysis 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.3.5 Brain Electrical Oscillations Signature (beos) 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.3.6 Phenom Desktop Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.3.7 X-Ray Spectroscopy EDX 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.3.8 Drones\/UAVs 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.4 Forensic Biology 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.4.1 Massive Parallel Sequencing (MPS) 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.4.2 Virtopsy 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.4.3 Three-Dimensional Imaging System 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Future Aspects of Modern Forensic Tools and Devices 393\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSwathi Satish, Gargi Phadke and Deepak Rawtani\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Forensic Tools 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.1 Emerging Trends in Forensic Tools 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.2 Future Facets of Forensic Tools 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.2.1 Analytical Forensic Tools 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.2.2 Digital Forensic Tools 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Forensic Devices 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.1 Emerging Trends in Forensic Devices 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.2 Future Aspects of Forensic Devices 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Conclusion 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 415\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51039267914071,"sku":"9781119760412","price":169.16,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119760412.jpg?v=1750943106","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/modern-forensic-tools-and-devices-9781119760412","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}