{"product_id":"modeling-analysis-and-optimization-of-process-and-energy-systems-9780470624210","title":"Modeling Analysis and Optimization of Process and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEnergy costs impact the profitability of virtually all industrial processes. Stressing how plants use power, and how that power is actually generated, this book provides a clear and simple way to understand the energy usage in various processes, as well as methods for optimizing these processes using practical hands-on simulations and a unique approach that details solved problems utilizing actual plant data. Invaluable information offers a complete energy-saving approach essential for both the chemical and mechanical engineering curricula, as well as for practicing engineers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePreface\u003c\/b\u003e xiii  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eConversion Factors\u003c\/b\u003e xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eList of Symbols\u003c\/b\u003e xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1. Introduction to Energy Usage, Cost, and Efficiency 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Energy Utilization in the United States 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 The Cost of Energy 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Energy Efficiency 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 The Cost of Self-Generated versus Purchased Electricity 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 The Cost of Fuel and Fuel Heating Value 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Text Organization 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Getting Started 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Closing Comments 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2. Engineering Economics with VBA Procedures 19\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction to Engineering Economics 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 The Time Value of Money: Present Value (\u003ci\u003ePV\u003c\/i\u003e) and Future Value (\u003ci\u003eFV\u003c\/i\u003e) 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Annuities 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Comparing Process Alternatives 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Present Value 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Rate of Return (ROR) 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 Equivalent Annual Cost\/Annual Capital Recovery Factor (CRF) 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Plant Design Economics 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Formulating Economics-Based Energy Optimization Problems 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Economic Analysis with Uncertainty: Monte Carlo Simulation 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Closing Comments 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3. Computer-Aided Solutions of Process Material Balances: The Sequential Modular Solution Approach 42\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Elementary Material Balance Modules 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.1 Mixer 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.2 Separator 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.3 Splitter 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.4 Reactors 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Sequential Modular Approach: Material Balances with Recycle 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Understanding Tear Stream Iteration Methods 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Single-Variable Successive Substitution Method 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Multidimensional Successive Substitution Method 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 Single-Variable Wegstein Method 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4 Multidimensional Wegstein Method 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Material Balance Problems with Alternative Specifications 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Single-Variable Optimization Problems 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 Forming the Objective Function for Single-Variable Constrained Material Balance Problems 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 Bounding Step or Bounding Phase: Swann’s Equation 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.3 Interval Refinement Phase: Interval Halving 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Material Balance Problems with Local Nonlinear Specifications 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Closing Comments 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4. Computer-Aided Solutions of Process Material Balances: The Simultaneous Solution Approach 76\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Solution of Linear Equation Sets: The Simultaneous Approach 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.1 The Gauss–Jordan Matrix Elimination Method 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2 Gauss–Jordan Coding Strategy for Linear Equation Sets 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.3 Linear Material Balance Problems: Natural Specifi cations 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.4 Linear Material Balance Problems: Alternative Specifications 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Solution of Nonlinear Equation Sets: The Newton–Raphson Method 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Equation Linearization via Taylor’s Series Expansion 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Nonlinear Equation Set Solution via the Newton–Raphson Method 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Newton–Raphson Coding Strategy for Nonlinear Equation Sets 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4 Nonlinear Material Balance Problems: The Simultaneous Approach 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5. Process Energy Balances 98\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Separator: Equilibrium Flash 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Equilibrium Flash with Recycle: Sequential Modular Approach 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Equilibrium Flash with Recycle: Simultaneous Approach 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Adiabatic Plug Flow Reactor (PFR) Material and Energy Balances Including Rate Expressions: Euler’s First-Order Method 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Reactor Types 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Styrene Process: Material and Energy Balances with Reaction Rate 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Euler’s Method versus Fourth-Order Runge–Kutta Method for Numerical Integration 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1 The Euler Method: First-Order ODEs 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2 RK4 Method: First-Order ODEs 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Closing Comments 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6. Introduction to Data Reconciliation and Gross Error Detection 132\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Standard Deviation and Probability Density Functions 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Data Reconciliation: Excel Solver 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Single-Unit Material Balance: Excel Solver 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Multiple-Unit Material Balance: Excel Solver 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Data Reconciliation: Redundancy and Variable Types 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Data Reconciliation: Linear and Nonlinear Material and Energy Balances 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Data Reconciliation: Lagrange Multipliers 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Data Reconciliation: Lagrange Multiplier Compact Matrix Notation 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Gross Error Detection and Identification 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.1 Gross Error Detection: The Global Test (GT) Method 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.2 Gross Error (Suspect Measurement) Identification: The Measurement Test (MT) Method: Linear Constraints 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.3 Gross Error (Suspect Measurement) Identification: The Measurement Test Method: Nonlinear Constraints 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Closing Remarks 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7. Gas Turbine Cogeneration System Performance, Design, and Off-Design Calculations: Ideal Gas Fluid Properties 164\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Equilibrium State of a Simple Compressible Fluid: Development of the \u003ci\u003eT ds\u003c\/i\u003e Equations 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1 Application of the \u003ci\u003eT ds\u003c\/i\u003e Equations to an Ideal Gas 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2 Application of the \u003ci\u003eT ds\u003c\/i\u003e Equations to an Ideal Gas: Isentropic Process 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 General Energy Balance Equation for an Open System 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Cogeneration Turbine System Performance Calculations: Ideal Gas Working Fluid 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Compressor Performance Calculations 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Turbine Performance Calculations 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Air Basic Gas Turbine Performance Calculations 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Energy Balance for the Combustion Chamber 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Energy Balance for the Combustion Chamber: Ideal Gas Working Fluid 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 The HRSG: Design Performance Calculations 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1 HRSG Design Calculations: Exhaust Gas Ideal and Water-Side Real Properties 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Gas Turbine Cogeneration System Performance with Design HRSG 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.1 HRSG Material and Energy Balance Calculations Using Excel Callable Sheet Functions 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 HRSG Off-Design Calculations: Supplemental Firing 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.1 HRSG Off-Design Performance: Overall Energy Balance Approach 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.2 HRSG Off-Design Performance: Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient Approach 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 Gas Turbine Design and Off-Design Performance 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.1 Gas Turbines Types and Gas Turbine Design Conditions 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.2 Gas Turbine Design and Off-Design Using Performance Curves 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.3 Gas Turbine Internal Mass Flow Patterns 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.4 Industrial Gas Turbine Off-Design (Part Load) Control Algorithm 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.5 Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Off-Design (Part Load) Control Algorithm 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.6 Off-Design Performance Algorithm for Gas Turbines 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10 Closing Remarks 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8. Development of a Physical Properties Program for Cogeneration Calculations 198\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Available Function Calls for Cogeneration Calculations 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Pure Species Thermodynamic Properties 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Derivation of Working Equations for Pure Species Thermodynamic Properties 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Ideal Mixture Thermodynamic Properties: General Development and Combustion Reaction Considerations 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Ideal Mixture 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 Changes in Enthalpy and Entropy 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Ideal Mixture Thermodynamic Properties: Apparent Difficulties 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Mixing Rules for EOS 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Closing Remarks 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9. Gas Turbine Cogeneration System Performance, Design, and Off-Design Calculations: Real Fluid Properties 222\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Cogeneration Gas Turbine System Performance Calculations: Real Physical Properties 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.1 Air Compressor (AC) Performance Calculation 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.2 Energy Balance for the Combustion Chamber (CC) 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.3 C Functions for Combustion Temperature and Exhaust Gas Physical Properties 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.4 Gas and Power Turbine (G\u0026amp;PT) Performance Calculations 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.5 Air Preheater (APH) 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 HRSG: Design Performance Calculations 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 HRSG Off-Design Calculations: Supplemental Firing 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 HRSG Off-Design Performance: Overall Energy Balance Approach 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 HRSG Off-Design Performance: Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient Approach 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Gas Turbine Design and Off-Design Performance 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Closing Remarks 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10. Gas Turbine Cogeneration System Economic Design Optimization and Heat Recovery Steam Generator Numerical Analysis 243\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Cogeneration System: Economy of Scale 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Cogeneration System Confi guration: Site Power-to-Heat Ratio 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Economic Optimization of a Cogeneration System: The CGAM Problem 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 The Objective Function: Cogeneration System Capital and Operating Costs 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Optimization: Variable Selection and Solution Strategy 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3 Process Constraints 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Economic Design Optimization of the CGAM Problem: Ideal Gas 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Air Preheater (APH) Equations 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 CGAM Problem Physical Properties 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 The CGAM Cogeneration Design Problem: Real Physical Properties 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Comparing CogenD and General Electric’s GateCycle™ 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Numerical Solution of HRSG Heat Transfer Problems 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.1 Steady-State Heat Conduction in a One-Dimensional Wall 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.2 Unsteady-State Heat Conduction in a One-Dimensional Wall 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.3 Steady-State Heat Conduction in the HRSG 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Closing Remarks 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11. Data Reconciliation and Gross Error Detection in a Cogeneration System 272\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Cogeneration System Data Reconciliation 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Cogeneration System Gross Error Detection and Identification 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Visual Display of Results 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Closing Comments 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12. Optimal Power Dispatch in a Cogeneration Facility 284\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Developing the Optimal Dispatch Model 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Overview of the Cogeneration System 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 General Operating Strategy Considerations 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Equipment Energy Efficiency 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 Stand-Alone Boiler (Boiler 4) Performance (Based on Fuel Higher Heating Value (\u003ci\u003eHHV\u003c\/i\u003e)) 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 Electric Chiller Performance 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.3 Steam-Driven Chiller Performance 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.4 GE Air Cooler Chiller Performance 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.5 GE Gas Turbine Performance (Based on Fuel \u003ci\u003eHHV\u003c\/i\u003e) 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.6 GE Gas Turbine HRSG Boiler 8 Performance (Based on Fuel \u003ci\u003eHHV\u003c\/i\u003e) 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.7 GE Gas Turbine HRSG Boiler 8 Performance Supplemental Firing (Based on Fuel \u003ci\u003eHHV\u003c\/i\u003e) 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.8 Allison Gas Turbine Performance (Based on Fuel \u003ci\u003eHHV\u003c\/i\u003e) 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.9 Allison Gas Turbine HRSG Boiler 7 Performance (Based on Fuel \u003ci\u003eHHV\u003c\/i\u003e) 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.10 Allison Gas Turbine HRSG Boiler 7 Performance Supplemental Firing (Based on Fuel \u003ci\u003eHHV\u003c\/i\u003e) 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Predicting the Cost of Natural Gas and Purchased Electricity 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.1 Natural Gas Cost 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.2 Purchased Electricity Cost 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Development of a Multiperiod Dispatch Model for the Cogeneration Facility 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Closing Comments 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13. Process Energy Integration 314\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction to Process Energy Integration\/Minimum Utilities 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Temperature Interval\/Problem Table Analysis with 0° Approach Temperature 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 The Grand Composite Curve (GCC) 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Temperature Interval\/Problem Table Analysis with “Real” Approach Temperature 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Determining Hot and Cold Stream from the Process Flow Sheet 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Heat Exchanger Network Design with Maximum Energy Recovery (MER) 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.1 Design above the Pinch 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.2 Design below the Pinch 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Heat Exchanger Network Design with Stream Splitting 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8 Heat Exchanger Network Design with Minimum Number of Units (MNU) 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.9 Software for Teaching the Basics of Heat Exchanger Network Design (Teaching Heat Exchanger Networks (THEN)) 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.10 Heat Exchanger Network Design: Distillation Columns 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.11 Closing Remarks 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14. Process and Site Utility Integration 343\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Gas Turbine-Based Cogeneration Utility System for a Processing Plant 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Steam Turbine-Based Utility System for a Processing Plant 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Site-Wide Utility System Considerations 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Closing Remarks 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15. Site Utility Emissions 368\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Emissions from Stoichiometric Considerations 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Emissions from Combustion Equilibrium Calculations 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1 Equilibrium Reactions 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2 Combustion Chamber Material Balances 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.3 Equilibrium Relations for Gas-Phase Reactions\/Gas-Phase Combustors 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.4 Equilibrium Compositions from Equilibrium Constants 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Emission Prediction Using Elementary Kinetics Rate Expressions 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.1 Combustion Chemical Kinetics 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.2 Compact Matrix Notation for the Species Net Generation (or Production) Rate 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Models for Predicting Emissions from Gas Turbine Combustors 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.1 Perfectly Stirred Reactor for Combustion Processes: The Material Balance Problem 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.2 The Energy Balance for an Open System with Reaction (Combustion) 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.3 Perfectly Stirred Reactor Energy Balance 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.4 Solution of the Perfectly Stirred Reactor Material and Energy Balance Problem Using the Provided CVODE Code 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.5 Plug Flow Reactor for Combustion Processes: The Material Balance Problem 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.6 Plug Flow Reactor for Combustion Processes: The Energy Balance Problem 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Closing Remarks 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCVODE Tutorial 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16. Coal-Fired Conventional Utility Plants with CO2 Capture (Design and Off-Design Steam Turbine Performance) 397\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Power Plant Design Performance (Using Operational Data for Full-Load Operation) 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.1 Turbine System: Design Case (See Example 16.1.xls) 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.2 Extraction Flow Rates and Feedwater Heaters 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.3 Auxiliary Turbine\/High-Pressure Feedwater Pump 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.4 Low-Pressure Feedwater Pump 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.5 Turbine Exhaust End Loss 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.6 Steam Turbine System Heat Rate and Performance Parameters 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Power Plant Off-Design Performance (Part Load with Throttling Control Operation) 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.1 Initial Estimates for All Pressures and Effi ciencies: Sub Off_Design_Initial_Estimates ( ) 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.2 Modify Pressures: Sub Pressure_Iteration ( ) 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.3 Modify Effi ciencies: Sub Update Effi ciencies ( ) 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Levelized Economics for Utility Pricing 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 CO2 Capture and Its Impact on a Conventional Utility Power Plant 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Closing Comments 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17. Alternative Energy Systems 419\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Levelized Costs for Alternative Energy Systems 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC): Determination of Levelized Cost 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Nuclear Power Cycle 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.1 A High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Nuclear Reactor (HTGR) 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix. Bridging Excel and C Codes 429\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.1 Introduction 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2 Working with Functions 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.3 Working with Vectors 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.4 Working with Matrices 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.4.1 Gauss–Jordan Matrix Elimination Method 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.4.2 Coding the Gauss–Jordan Matrix Elimination Method 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.5 Closing Comments 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTutorial 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMicrosoft C++ 2008 Express: Creating C Programs and DLLs 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIndex\u003c\/b\u003e 458\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49525382742359,"sku":"9780470624210","price":106.35,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780470624210.jpg?v=1731860303","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/modeling-analysis-and-optimization-of-process-and-energy-systems-9780470624210","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}