{"product_id":"mineral-trioxide-aggregate-9781118401286","title":"Mineral Trioxide Aggregate","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was developed more than 20 years ago to seal the pathways of communication of the root canal system. It   s currently the preferred material used by endodontists because of its superior properties such as its seal and biocompatibility that significantly improves outcomes of endodontic treatments.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eContributors xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Pulp and Periradicular Pathways, Pathosis, and Closure 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eMahmoud Torabinejad\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePulp and Periradicular Pathways 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural Pathways 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApical foramen 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLateral canals 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDentinal tubules 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePathological and Iatrogenic Pathways 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDental caries 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of microorganisms 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoot perforations 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoot perforations during access preparation 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoot perforations during cleaning and shaping 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoot perforations during post space preparations 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVertical fracture 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeriradicular Pathosis 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInflammatory process of periradicular lesions 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaterials to Seal the Pathways to the Root Canal System and the Periodontium 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Chemical Properties of MTA 17\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eDavid W. Berzins\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMTA Composition 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePortland cement 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of bismuth oxide and gypsum 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMTA powder morphology 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrace elements and compounds 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSetting Reactions 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSetting time 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaturation 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactors that affect setting: additives and accelerants 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect of water and moisture 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteraction with environment 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of Reaction Zones 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Physical Properties of MTA 37\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eRicardo Caicedo and Lawrence Gettleman\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003epH 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolubility 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSetting Expansion 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadiopacity 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVarious Types of Strength 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompressive strength 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFlexural strength 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShear strength 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePush-out strength 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShear bond strength 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverview 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMicrohardness 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eColor and Aesthetics 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysicochemical Properties 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 MTA in Vital Pulp Therapy 71\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eTill Dammaschke, Joe H. Camp, and George Bogen\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdvantages 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePulp Responses to Capping Materials 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDirect Pulp Capping with Calcium Hydroxide 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMineral Trioxide Aggregate 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysiochemical properties 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMode of action in pulp capping and pulpotomy 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparison with calcium hydroxide 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePulpotomy in Primary Teeth 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMTA Pulpotomy 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrimary teeth 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImmature permanent teeth 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSymptomatic permanent teeth 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePulp Capping in Teeth Diagnosed with Reversible Pulpitis 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment Considerations 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisadvantages 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Management of Teeth with Necrotic Pulps and Open Apices 111\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eShahrokh Shabahang and David E. Witherspoon\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiagnosis in Immature Teeth 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistory of Treating Immature Teeth 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInfection Control in Immature Teeth 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApexification 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalcium Hydroxide Apexification Therapy: Outcomes 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-Vital Pulp Therapy 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoot-end closure via the use of apical barriers 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMineral trioxide aggregate apical plug 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTechnical placement 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOutcomes 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Regenerative Endodontics (Revitalization\/Revascularization) 141\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eMahmoud Torabinejad, Robert P. Corr, and George T.-J. Huang\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRevascularization after Replantation and Autotransplantation 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRevitalization of Nonvital-Infected Teeth in Animals 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical Evidence for Revitalization in Nonvital-Infected Teeth in Humans 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePotential Role of Stem Cells in Canal Tissue Generation and Regeneration 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of DPSCs and SCAP in revitalization and regenerative endodontic treatments 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScaffolds and growth factors for regenerative endodontics (Revitalization) 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical Procedures for Pulp Revitalization 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFirst appointment 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecond appointment 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical and radiographic follow-up 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Use of MTA as Root Perforation Repair 177\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eMahmoud Torabinejad and Ron Lemon\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Perforation Defects 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccess preparation-related perforations 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCleaning and shaping related (“strip”) perforations 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResorption-related perforations (internal\/external) 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactors Influencing Prognosis for Repair 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSize of perforation 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocation of the perforation 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePulp Chamber Perforations 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEtiologies 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrevention 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecognition and treatment of pulp chamber perforations 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLateral surface repairs 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurcation repairs 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoot Perforations During Cleaning and Shaping 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoronal root perforations 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCauses, indicators and prevention 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrognosis 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLateral perforations 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCauses and indicators 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment of mid-root perforation 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrognosis 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApical perforations 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCauses and indicators 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrognosis 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoot Perforation during Post Space preparation 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCauses, indicators and prevention 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrognosis 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTime elapsed since perforation 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTechniques for Internal Repair Using MTA 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMethod 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 MTA Root Canal Obturation 207\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eGeorge Bogen, Ingrid Lawaty, and Nicholas Chandler\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharactertics\/Properties 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMechanisms of action in obturation 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParticle size 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHydration products and pH 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFormation of interstitial layer 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFracture resistance 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSealing ability and setting expansion 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplications\/Uses 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConventional obturation 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRetreatment 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eObturation prior to surgery 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eObturation with perforation repair 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApexification using MTA obturation 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eObturation for dental anomalies 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eObturation Techniques 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStandard compaction technique 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLawaty technique 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAuger technique 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRestorative Considerations 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrawbacks 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSealers 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eZinc oxide–eugenol sealers 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalcium hydroxide sealers 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpoxy resin-based sealers 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlass ionomer sealers 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSilicone-based sealers 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonoblock sealer systems 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalcium silicate-based sealers 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Root-End Fillings Using MTA 251\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eSeung-Ho Baek and Su-Jung Shin\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction of Root-End Filling Materials 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePurpose of root-end fillings 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistory of Root-End Filling Materials 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmalgam 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eZOE-based materials: IRM and SuperEBA 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResin-based materials: Retroplast and Geristore 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGray vs. White MTA 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNew types of MTA-like cements 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRequirements of Ideal Root-End Filling Materials 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdvantages and disadvantages of MTA as a root-end filling material 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdvantages of MTA 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisadvantages of MTA 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMTA as a Root-End Filling Material 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCytotoxicity and biocompatibility 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBioactivity 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSealability 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntibacterial effect 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical Applications of MTA 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRetropreparation and root-end filling 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCavity preparation for MTA root-end filling 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMixing procedure 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMethods for placement of MTA 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical outcomes 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Calcium Silicate–Based Cements 281\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eMasoud Parirokh and Mahmoud Torabinejad\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePortland Cement (PC) 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical properties 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntibacterial activity 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSealing ability 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiocompatibility 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCell culture studies 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubcutaneous implantation 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn vivo investigations 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical applications 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLimitations 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAngelus MTA 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical properties 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntibacterial activity 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSealing ability 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiocompatibility properties 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCell structure studies 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubcutaneous implantation 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntraosseous implantation 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn vivo investigations 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical applications 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBioaggregate (BA) 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical properties 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntibacterial activity 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSealing ability 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiocompatibility 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCell culture studies 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiodentine (BD) 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical properties 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiocompatibility and clinical applications 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eiRoot 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical properties 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiocompatibility 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalcium Enriched Mixture (CEM) Cement 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical properties 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntibacterial activities 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSealing ability 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiocompatibility 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCell culture studies 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSkin test and subcutaneous implantation 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntraosseous implantation 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn vivo investigations 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical investigations 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMTA Fillapex 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical properties 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntibacterial activities 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiocompatibility 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCell culture studies 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubcutaneous implantation 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndo-CPM 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical properties 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntibacterial activity 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSealing ability 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiocompatibility 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCell culture studies 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubcutaneous implantation 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn vivo investigations 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCimento Endodontico Rapido (CER) 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical properties 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiocompatibility 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubcutaneous implantation 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndosequence 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical properties 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntibacterial activities 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSealing ability 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiocompatibility 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCell culture studies 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndoSequence BC Sealer 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical properties 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiocompatibility 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProRoot Endo Sealer 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical properties 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMTA Plus 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical properties 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrtho MTA 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiocompatibility 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCell culture studies 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMTA Bio 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical properties 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiocompatibility 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCell culture studies 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubcutaneous implantation 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMTA Sealer (MTAS) 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical compositions and physical properties 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFluoride-Doped MTA Cement 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical properties 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSealing ability 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCapasio 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition and physical properties 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenerex A 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition and physical properties 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiocompatibility 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCell culture study 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCeramicrete-D 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition and physical properties 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNano-Modified MTA (NMTA) 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition and physical properties 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLight-Cured MTA 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition and physical properties 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiocompatibility 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubcutaneous implantation 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalcium Silicate (CS) 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition and physical properties 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndocem 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition and physical properties 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiocompatibility 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCell culture study 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Experimental MTA Lookalike Mixtures 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 333\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley and Sons Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default 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