{"product_id":"microwaves-in-catalysis-methodology-and-applications-9783527338153","title":"Microwaves in Catalysis: Methodology and Applications","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA comprehensive overview covering the principles and preparation of catalysts, as well as reactor technology and applications in the field of organic synthesis, energy production, and environmental catalysis.\u003cbr\u003e Edited and authored by renowned and experienced scientists, this reference focuses on successful reaction procedures for applications in industry. Topics include catalyst preparation, the treatment of waste water and air, biomass and waste valorisation, hydrogen production, oil refining as well as organic synthesis in the presence of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts and continuous-flow reactions. \u003cbr\u003e With its practical relevance and successful methodologies, this is a valuable guide for chemists at universities working in the field of catalysis, organic synthesis, pharmaceutical or green chemistry, as well as researchers and engineers in the chemical industry.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eList of Contributors XVII\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface XXI\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 General Introduction to Microwave Chemistry 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eSatoshi Horikoshi and Nick Serpone\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 ElectromagneticWaves and Dielectric Materials 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Microwave Heating 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 The Various Types of Microwave Heating Phenomena 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Conduction Loss Heating (Eddy Current Loss and Joule Loss) 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Dielectric Heating 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3 Magnetic Loss Heating (Eddy Current Loss and Hysteresis Loss Heating) 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.4 Penetration Depth of Microwaves 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Fields of Applications with Microwave Heating 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Microwaves in Solid Material Processing 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Microwaves in Organic Syntheses 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Microwave Chemical Equipment 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Chemical Reactions Using the Characteristics of Microwave Heating 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9 Microwave Frequency Effect in Chemical Syntheses 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10 Summary 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I Fundamentals 29\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Loss Mechanisms and Microwave-Specific Effects in Heterogeneous Catalysis 31\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eA.E. Stiegman\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Heterogeneous Catalyst Systems 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Physics of Microwave Absorption 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Microwave Loss Processes in Solids 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Dielectric Loss 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Charge Carrier Processes 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2.1 Conduction Loss 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2.2 Space–Charge Recombination 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2.3 Dipolar Loss 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 Magnetic Loss Processes 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Loss Processes and Microwave-Specific Catalysis: Lessons from Gas–Carbon Reactions 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 Thermochemical Considerations 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Final Comments on Microwave-Specific Effects in Heterogeneous Catalysis 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Transport Phenomena and Thermal Property under Microwave Irradiation 49\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eYusuke Asakuma\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Bubble Formation 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Convection 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Surface Tension 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Discussion of Nonthermal Effect for Nanobubble Formation 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Managing Microwave-Induced Hot Spots in Heterogeneous Catalytic Systems 61\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eSatoshi Horikoshi and Nick Serpone\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 What Are Hot Spots? 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Microwaves in Heterogeneous Catalysis 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Microwave-Induced Formation of Hot Spots in Heterogeneous Catalysis 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Hot Spot Phenomenon 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Mechanism(s) of Formation of Hot Spots 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Particle Aggregation by Polarization of Activated Carbon Particulates 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Control of the Occurrence of Hot Spots 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II Applications – Preparation of Heterogeneous Catalysts 77\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Preparation of Heterogeneous Catalysts by a Microwave Selective Heating Method 79\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eSatoshi Horikoshi and Nick Serpone\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Synthesis of Metal Catalysts on Carbonaceous Material Supports 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Photocatalysts 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Preparation of TiO2\/AC Particles 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Proposed Mechanism of Formation of TiO2\/AC Particles 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Photoactivity ofMW-Prepared TiO2\/AC Composite Particles in the Degradation of Isopropanol 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Microwave-Assisted Syntheses of Catalytic Materials for Fuel Cell Applications 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Pt\/C Catalyst Particulates for a H2 Fuel Cell 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Preparation of Nanocatalysts for a Methanol Fuel Cell 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 Effects of pH on Pt Particle Size and Electrocatalytic Activity of Pt\/CNTs for Methanol Electro-oxidation 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Other Catalysts Prepared by Microwave-Related Procedures 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Concluding Remarks 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart III Applications – Microwave Flow Systems and Microwave Methods Coupled to Other Techniques 109\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Microwaves in Cu-Catalyzed Organic Synthesis in Batch and Flow Mode 111\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eFaysal Benaskar, Narendra Patil, Volker Rebrov, Jaap Schouten, and Volker Hessel\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Microwave-Assisted Copper Catalysis for Organic Syntheses in Batch Processes 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Bulk and Nano-structured Metals in a Microwave Field 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1.1 Interaction of Bulk Metal with Microwaves 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1.2 Metallic Catalyst Particle Size and Shape Effect on Microwave Heating 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1.3 Polymetallic Systems in Microwave Chemistry 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Microwave-Assisted Copper Catalysis for Chemical Synthesis 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2.1 Bulk Copper Particles for Catalysis and Microwave Interaction 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2.2 Microwave-Assisted Copper-Catalyzed Bond Formation Reactions 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Supported Cu-Based Catalyst for Sustainable Catalysis in Microwave Field 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3.1 Microwave Activation and Synthesis of Cu-Based Heterogeneous Catalysts 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3.2 Cu-Supported Catalyst Systems for C–O, C–C, C–S, and C–N Coupling Reactions 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Microwave-Assisted Copper Catalysis for Organic Syntheses in Flow Processes 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Microwave-Assisted Catalyzed Organic Synthesis in Flow Processes 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1.1 Microwave Heating in Homogeneously Catalyzed Processes 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1.2 Microwave Energy Efficiency and Uniformity in Catalyzed Flow Processes 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Structured Catalyst in Microwave-Assisted Flow Processing for Organic Reactions 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2.1 Thin-Film Flow Reactors for Organic Syntheses 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2.2 Structured Fixed-Bed Reactors for Flow Synthesis 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2.3 Scale-Up of Microwave-Assisted Flow Processes 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Concluding Remarks 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Pilot Plant for Continuous Flow Microwave-Assisted Chemical Reactions 141\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eMitsuhiro Matsuzawa and Shigenori Togashi\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Continuous Flow Microwave-Assisted Chemical Reactor 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Basic Structure 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Pilot Plant 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Design ofWaveguide 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Configuration of Pilot Plant 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 Water Heating Test 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4 Sonogashira Coupling Reaction 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Conclusions 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Efficient Catalysis by Combining Microwaves with Other Enabling Technologies 155\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eGiancarlo Cravotto, Laura Rinaldi, and Diego Carnaroglio\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Catalysis with Hyphenated and Tandem Techniques 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Microwave and Mechanochemical Activation 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Microwave and UV Irradiation 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Microwave and Ultrasound 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Conclusions 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart IV Applications – Organic Reactions 171\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Applications of Microwave Chemistry in Various Catalyzed Organic Reactions\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cb\u003e173\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eRick Arneil Desabille Arancon, Antonio Angel Romero, and Rafael Luque\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.1 Homogeneous Catalysis 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Microwave-Assisted Reactions in Organic Solvents 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Microwave-Assisted Reactions inWater-Coupling Reactions 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 The Heck Reactions 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 The Suzuki Reaction 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Conclusions and Prospects 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Microwave-Assisted Solid Acid Catalysis 193\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eHyejin Cho, Christian Schäfer, and Béla Török\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Microwave-Assisted Clay Catalysis 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Zeolites in Microwave Catalysis 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Microwave Application of Other Solid Acid Catalysts 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Heteropoly Acids 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Acidic Ion-Exchange Resins (Nafion-H, Amberlyst, Dowex) 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2.1 Nafion-H 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2.2 Amberlyst 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2.3 Dowex 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Conclusions and Outlook 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Microwave-Assisted Enzymatic Reactions 213\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eTakeo Yoshimura, ShigeruMineki, and Shokichi Ohuchi\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Synthewave (ProLabo) 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Lipase 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Glucosidase 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Discover Series (CEM) 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Lipase (Synthesis, Esterification) 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 Enzymatic Resolution 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3 β-Glucosidase, β-Galactosidase 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.4 Aldolase 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Mechanism of the Microwave-Assisted Enzymatic Reaction 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart V Applications – Hydrogenation and Fuel Formation 239\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Effects of Microwave Activation in Hydrogenation–Dehydrogenation Reactions 241\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eLeonid M. Kustov\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Specific Features of Catalytic Reactions Involving Hydrogen 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Hydrogenation Processes under MWConditions 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Dehydrogenation 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Hydrogen Storage 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Hydrogenation of Coal 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Hydrogen Evolution from Organic Hydrides throughMicrowave Selective Heating in Heterogeneous Catalytic Systems 259\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eSatoshi Horikoshi and Nick Serpone\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Situation of Hydrogen Energy and Feature of Stage Methods 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Selection of Organic Hydrides as the Hydrogen Carriers 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Dehydrogenation of Hydrocarbons with Microwaves in Heterogeneous Catalytic Media 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1 Selective Heating by the Microwave Method 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.2 Dehydrogenation of Tetralin in a Pt\/AC Heterogeneous Catalytic Dispersion Subjected to a Microwave Radiation Field 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.3 Effects of the Tetralin: Pt\/AC Ratio on Tetralin Dehydrogenation 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.4 Dehydrogenation of an Organic Carrier in a Continuous Flow System 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.5 Dehydrogenation of Methylcyclohexane in a Microwave Fixed-Bed Reactor 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.6 Simulation Modeling for Microwave Heating of Pt\/AC in the Methylcyclohexane Solution 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Dehydrogenation of Methane with Microwaves in a Heterogeneous Catalytic System 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Problems and Improvements of Microwave-Assisted Heterogeneous Catalysis 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart VI Applications – Oil Refining 281\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Microwave-Stimulated Oil and Gas Processing 283\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eLeonid M. Kustov\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Early Publications 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Use of Microwave Activation in Catalytic Processes of Gas and Oil Conversions 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.1 Hydrogen Production 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.2 CO2 Conversion 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.3 Synthesis Gas (Syngas) Production 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.4 Methane Decomposition 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.5 Methane Steam Reforming 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.6 Oxidative Coupling of Methane 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.7 Partial Oxidation and Other Hydrocarbon Conversion Processes 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.8 Oxidative Dehydrogenation 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.9 Oil Processing 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Prospects for the Use of Microwave Radiation in Oil and Gas Processing 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart VII Applications – Biomass andWastes 301\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Algal Biomass Conversion under Microwave Irradiation 303\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eShuntaro Tsubaki, Tadaharu Ueda, and Ayumu Onda\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Microwave Effect on Hydrothermal Conversion – Analysis Using Biomass Model Compounds 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1 Degradation Kinetics of Neutral Sugars under Microwave Heating 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2 Effects of Ionic Conduction on Hydrolysis of Disaccharides under Hydrothermal Condition 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Hydrolysis of Biomass Using Ionic Conduction of Catalysts 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.1 Hydrolysis of Starch and Crystalline Cellulose Using Microwave Irradiation and Polyoxometalate Cluster 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.2 Hydrolysis Fast-Growing Green Macroalgae Using Microwave Irradiation and Polyoxometalate Cluster 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Dielectric Property of Algal Hydrocolloids inWater 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.1 Comparison of Dielectric Property of Aqueous Solution of Hydrocolloids Obtained from Algae and Land Plants 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.2 The Effects of the Degree of Substitution of Acidic Functional Groups on Dielectric Property of Aqueous Solution of Algal Hydrocolloids 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.3 The Correlation of Loss Tangent at 2.45 GHz and Other Physical Properties of Sodium Alginates and Carrageenans inWater 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Summary and Conclusions 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Microwave-Assisted Lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion 323\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eTomohikoMitani and TakashiWatanabe\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Multi-mode Continuous Flow Microwave Reactor 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Direct-Irradiation Continuous Flow Microwave Reactor 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.1 Concept of Reactor 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.2 Designing of Microwave Irradiation Section 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.3 Prototypes of Reactors 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Pilot-Plant-Scale Continuous Flow Microwave Reactor 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.1 Concept of Reactor 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.2 Designing of Microwave Irradiation Section 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.3 Demonstration Experiments of Microwave Pretreatment 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Summary and Conclusions 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Biomass andWaste Valorization under Microwave Activation 337\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eLeonid M. Kustov\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Introduction 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Vegetable Oil and Glycerol Conversion 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Conversion of Carbohydrates 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Cellulose Conversion 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Lignin Processing 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.6 Waste and Renewable Raw Material Processing 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.7 Carbon Gasification 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.8 Prospects for the Use of Microwave Irradiation in the Conversion of Biomass and Renewables 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart VIII Applications – Environmental Catalysis 355\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Oxidative and Reductive Catalysts for Environmental Purification Using Microwaves 357\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eTakenori Hirano\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Introduction 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Microwave Heating of Catalyst Oxides Used for Environmental Purification 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Microwave-Assisted Catalytic Oxidation of VOCs, Odorants, and Soot 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Microwave-Assisted Reduction of NOx and SO2 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Conclusions 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Microwave-\/Photo-Driven Photocatalytic Treatment of Wastewaters 369\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eSatoshi Horikoshi and Nick Serpone\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Situation ofWastewater Treatment by Photocatalytic Classical Methods 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Experimental Setup of an Integrated Microwave\/Photoreactor System 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Microwave-\/Photo-Driven PhotocatalyticWastewater Treatment 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.1 Degradation of Rhodamine B Dye 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.2 Change of TiO2 Surface Condition under a Microwave Field 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.3 Specific Nonthermal Microwave Effect(s) in TiO2 Photoassisted Reactions 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.4 Microwave Frequency Effects on the Photoactivity of TiO2 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.5 Increase in Radical Species on TiO2 under Microwave Irradiation 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.6 Microwave Nonthermal Effect(s) as a Key Factor in TiO2 Photoassisted Reactions 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 Microwave Discharge Electrodeless Lamps (MDELs) 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4.1 The Need for More Efficient UV Light Sources 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4.2 Purification ofWater Using TiO2-Coated MDEL Systems in Natural Disasters 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Summary Remarks 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 393\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51742969135447,"sku":"9783527338153","price":999.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9783527338153.jpg?v=1758387706","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/microwaves-in-catalysis-methodology-and-applications-9783527338153","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}