{"product_id":"medical-toxicology-of-natural-substances-9780471727613","title":"Medical Toxicology of Natural Substances","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eInterest and information in the field of medical toxicology has grown rapidly, but there has never been a concise, authoritative reference focused on the subjects of natural substances, chemical and physical toxins, drugs of abuse, and pharmaceutical overdoses. \u003ci\u003eMedical Toxicology of Natural Substances\u003c\/i\u003e finally gives you an easily accessible resource for vital toxicological information on foods, plants, and animals in key areas in the natural environment.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"Overall, this book would be a useful addition to the libraries of medical students, graduate students in pharmacology and toxicology, and natural products scientists. Furthermore, because of its \"multidisciplinary evidence-based approach\", the book presents an easy-to-follow and valuable resource for clinical toxicologists and analytical chemists, as well as those involved in the regulation of toxic substance exposure. It is a superb resource for a natural products clinical toxicology course.\" (Journal of Natural Products, 17 August 2011)\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e   \u003cp\u003e\"[The book] provides in-depth, evidence based coverage of the most important natural toxins found in foods, fungi, medicinal herbs, plants and venimous animals.\" (\u003ci\u003eFood Science and Technology Abstracts,\u003c\/i\u003e July 2010)“This wonderful book covers an enormous subject with attention to detail and direct clinical relevance in a style that is surprisingly easy to read. The remaining volumes will be eagerly awaited by clinical toxicologists everywhere.\" (\u003ci\u003eThe Medical Journal of Australia\u003c\/i\u003e, January 2010)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“This text provides a comprehensive guide to the medical toxicology of natural substances and is considered an excellent reference for forensic scientists including pathologists, toxicologists, criminalists, and scene investigators.” (\u003ci\u003eJournal of Forensic Science\u003c\/i\u003e, September 2009)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“Entries vary from single species to large groups; hence coverage is quite variable, though always informative. This volume will be useful for researchers and clinicians.” (\u003ci\u003eCHOICE\u003c\/i\u003e, October 2009)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“\u003ci\u003eMedical Toxicology of Natural Substances\u003c\/i\u003e provides a reliable and easily accessible source on what is known about this topic.” (\u003ci\u003eJAMA\u003c\/i\u003e, July 2009)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"It should be a part of the library any scientist who deal wit natural products research, as well as toxicologists and pharmacologists. It should be a principle reference for poison control centers.\" (\u003ci\u003eJournal of Medicinal Chemistry\u003c\/i\u003e, published online March 26, 2009)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eFOREWORD xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePREFACE xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eACKNOWLEDGMENTS xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eREVIEW PANEL xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART 1 FOODBORNE and MICROBIAL TOXINS 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI Chemical Contamination and Additives 5\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eby Cyrus Rangan, MD, FAAP\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 Food Contamination 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 Food Additives and Sensitivities 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eII Staples and Spices 34\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 Akee Fruit and Jamaican Vomiting Sickness (Blighia sapida Köenig) 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Species) 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 Cyanogenic Foods (Cassava, Fruit Kernels, and Cycad Seeds) 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 Cycad Seeds and Chronic Neurologic Disease (Cycas Species) 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 Djenkol Bean [Archidendron jiringa (Jack) I. C. Nielsen] 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 Grass Pea and Neurolathyrism (Lathyrus sativus L.) 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9 Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 Pepper and Capsaicin (Capsicum and Piper Species) 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11 Potatoes, Tomatoes, and Solanine Toxicity (Solanum tuberosum L., Solanum lycopersicum L.) 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 Rhubarb and Oxalosis (Rheum Species) 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIII Microbes 89\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA Bacteria 89\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eby Cyrus Rangan, MD, FAAP\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13 Bacillus cereus 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14 Campylobacter jejuni 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 Clostridium botulinum (Botulism) 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16 Clostridium perfringens 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17 Escherichia coli 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 Listeria monocytogenes 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19 Salmonella 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 Shigella Species (Shiga Enterotoxins) 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21 Staphylococcus aureus 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22 Streptococcus Species 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23 Vibrio Species 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24 Yersinia enterocolitica 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eB Other Microbes 181\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 Cyanobacteria 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26 Protozoa and Intestinal Parasites 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27 Gastrointestinal Viruses 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIV Seafood 212\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28 Amnesic Shellfi sh Poisoning and Domoic Acid 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29 Azaspiracid Shellfi sh Poisoning and Azaspiracid Toxins 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30 Diarrhetic Shellfi sh Poisoning and Okadaic Acid 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31 Neurotoxic Shellfi sh Poisoning and Brevetoxins 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32 Paralytic Shellfi sh Poisoning and Saxitoxins 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e33 Ciguatera Fish Poisoning and Ciguatoxins 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e34 Puffer Fish Poisoning and Tetrodotoxin 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e35 Red Whelk and Tetramine 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e36 Scombroid Fish, Scombrotoxin, and Histamine 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART 2 FUNGAL TOXINS 261\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI Mushrooms 265\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e37 Amatoxin-Containing Mushrooms 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e38 False Morel and Gyromitrin Poisoning 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e39 Gastroenteritis-Producing Mushrooms 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e40 Inky Cap and Coprine Toxicity [Coprinus atramentarius (Bull.) Fr.] 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e41 Isoxazole-Containing Mushrooms and Pantherina Syndrome (Amanita muscaria, Amanita pantherina) 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e42 Muscarine-Containing Mushrooms and Muscarine Toxicity (Clitocybe and Inocybe Species) 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e43 Orellanine-Containing Mushrooms and Nephrotoxicity (Cortinarius Species) 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e44 Paxillus and Other Mushroom Syndromes 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eII Mycotoxins 317\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e45 Mycotoxins 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART 3 MEDICINAL HERBS and ESSENTIAL OILS 373\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI Medicinal Herbs 377\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e46 Aloe Vera [Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f.] 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e47 Aristolochic Acid and Chinese Herb Nephropathy 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e48 Black Cohosh (Actaea racemosa L.) 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e49 Blue Cohosh [Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx.] 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e50 Borage (Borago offi cinalis L.) 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e51 Burdock Root (Arctium lappa L.) 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e52 Calamus (Acorus calamus L.) 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e53 Camphor (Cinnamomum camphora T. Nees \u0026amp; Eberm.) 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e54 Cascara (Frangula purshiana Cooper) 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e55 Cat’s Claw [Uncaria tomentosa (Willd. ex Schult.) DC.] 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e56 Chamomile [Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert, Chamaemelum nobile L.] 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e57 Chaparral [Larrea tridentata (Sesse \u0026amp; Moc. ex DC.) Vail] 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e58 Chaste Tree (Vitex agnus-castus L.) 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e59 Clove and Eugenol [Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. \u0026amp; L. M. Perry] 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e60 Colocynth [Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad.] 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e61 Coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara L.) 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e62 Comfrey and Other Pyrrolizidine-Containing Plants 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e63 Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) 458\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e64 Dong Quai [Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels] 461\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e65 Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium Schultz Bip.) 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e66 Garlic (Allium sativum L.) 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e67 Germander (Teucrium chamaedrys L.) 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e68 Ginger (Zingiber offi cinale Roscoe) 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e69 Ginkgo Tree (Ginkgo biloba L.) 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e70 Ginseng 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e71 Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e72 Hawthorn (Crataegus Species) 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e73 Impila, Pine Thistle, and Atractyloside 514\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e74 Jin Bu Huan and Tetrahydropalmatine 518\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e75 Juniper (Juniper communis L.) 522\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e76 Kava (Piper methysticum Forster) 525\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e77 Lavender (Lavandula Species) 532\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e78 Licorice (Glycyrrhiza Species) 537\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e79 Ma Huang (Ephedra Alkaloids) 545\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e80 Milk Thistle [Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner] 553\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e81 Passionfl ower (Passifl ora incarnata L.) 558\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e82 Pennyroyal and Pulegone (Mentha pulegium L.) 563\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e83 Purple Conefl ower and Other Echinacea Species 568\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e84 Rosemary (Rosmarinus offi cinalis L.) 574\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e85 Rue (Ruta graveolens L.) 579\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e86 Sassafras [Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees] 582\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e87 Saw Palmetto [Serenoa repens (Bartram) J.K. Small] 586\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e88 Senna (Senna alexandrina P. Mill.) 591\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e89 Skullcap (Scutellaria laterifl ora L.) 596\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e90 St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) 600\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e91 Star Anise (Illicium verum Hook. F. and Illicium anisatum L.) 607\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e92 Star Fruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) 611\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e93 Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.) 614\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e94 Valerian (Valeriana offi cinalis L.) 617\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e95 Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) 623\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e96 Yohimbe Bark and Yohimbine (Pausinystalia yohimbe Pierre ex Beille) 627\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eII Essential Oils 632\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e97 Citronella Oil [Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle] 632\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e98 Citrus Oil and Limonene 635\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e99 Eucalyptus Oil (Eucalyptus Species) 644\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e100 Neem Oil (Margosa Oil) (Azadirachta indica Adr. Juss.) 648\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e101 Peppermint Oil (Mentha x piperita L.) 653\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e102 Tea Tree Oil (Melaleuca Species) 658\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e103 Tung Oil (Aleurites fordii Hemsl.) 663\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e104 Turpentine and Pine Oil (Pinus Species) 666\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART 4 TOXIC PLANTS 673\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI Plant Dermatitis 677\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e105 Plant Dermatitis 677\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eII Bulbs, Rhizomes, and Tubers 690\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e106 Buttercup Family 690\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e107 Colchicine-Containing Plants 693\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e108 Daffodils and Other Emetic Bulbs 703\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e109 Death Camas 707\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e110 Kaffir Lily [Clivia miniata (Lindley) Bosse] 710\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e111 Snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis L.) 712\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e112 Zephyr Lily (Zephyranthes Species) 716\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIII Beans 718\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e113 Castor Bean and Ricin (Ricinus communis L.) 718\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e114 Cowitch and Horse Eye Bean (Mucuna Species) 727\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e115 Jequirity Bean and Abrin (Abrus precatorius L.) 729\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e116 Mescal Bean [Sophora secundifl ora (Ortega) Lagasca ex DC.] 733\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIV Nonwoody Plants (Herbs) 736\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e117 Aconite Poisoning and Monkshood 736\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e118 African Blue Lily (Agapanthus Species) 743\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e119 Red Baneberry [Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd.] 745\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e120 Begonias 747\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e121 Yellow Bird-of-Paradise [Caesalpinia gilliesii (Hook.) Wallich ex D. Dietr.] 749\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e122 Century Plant (Agave americana L.) 751\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e123 Cleistanthin, Diterpene Esters, and the Spurge Family (Euphorbiaceae) 754\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e124 Cyanogenic Plants and Laetrile® 760\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e125 Dieffenbachia and Other Oxalate-Containing House Plants 768\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e126 Digitalis-Containing Flowers (Foxglove, Lily of the Valley) 773\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e127 Jimson Weed and Other Belladonna Alkaloids 776\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e128 Lupines and False Lupine 784\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e129 Mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum L.) 788\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e130 Mistletoe 792\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e131 Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum L.) 796\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e132 Pokeweed (Phytolacca americana L.) 800\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e133 European Bittersweet and Other Solanum Species 803\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e134 Sweet Pea and Osteolathyrism 806\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e135 Tree Tobacco and Other Piperidine-Containing Plants 809\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e136 Veratrum Alkaloids 815\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e137 Wandering Jew (Tradescantia fl uminensis Vellozo) 819\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e138 Water Hemlock and Water Dropwort 821\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e139 White Snakeroot [Ageratina altissima (L.) King \u0026amp; H.E. Robins] 826\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eV Shrubs and Vines 829\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e140 Barbados Nut (Jatropha curcas L.) 829\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e141 Boxwood (Buxus sempervirens L.) 832\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e142 Buckthorn [Karwinskia humboldtiana (J.A. Schultes) Zucc.] 834\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e143 Cactus 837\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e144 Carolina Jessamine [Gelsemium sempervirens (L.) St. Hil.] 841\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e145 Daphne (Daphne mezereum L.) 843\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e146 Dog Laurel (Leucothoe Species) 845\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e147 Dogbane Family and Cardenolides 847\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e148 Holly (Ilex Species) 861\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e149 Honeysuckle (Lonicera Species) 863\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e150 Ivy and Falcarinol 865\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e151 Lantana (Lantana camara L.) 867\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e152 Rhododendrons and Grayanotoxins 870\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e153 Snowberry [Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake)] 874\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e154 Squirting Cucumber [Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Richard] 876\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e155 Wisteria 879\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eVI Trees 881\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e156 Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) 881\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e157 Buckeye (Aesculus Species) 883\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e158 Chinaberry (Melia azedarach L.) 886\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e159 Golden Chain Tree (Laburnum anagyroides Medikus) 889\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e160 Karaka Nut (Corynocarpus laevigatus J.R. \u0026amp; G. Forst.) 892\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e161 Oaks (Quercus Species) 894\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e162 Pepper Tree (Schinus Species) 897\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e163 Yew (Taxus Species) 899\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART 5 VENOMOUS ANIMALS 905\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI Arthropods 909\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA Arachnids 909\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e164 Mites and Ticks (Order: Acari) 909\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e165 Scorpions (Order: Scorpiones) 914\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e166 Spiders (Order: Araneae) 925\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eB Centipedes 950\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e167 Centipedes (Subclass: Chilopoda) 950\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eC Insects 954\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e168 Bees, Wasps, and Ants (Order: Hymenoptera) 954\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e169 Bugs and Blister Beetles 969\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e170 Fleas (Order: Siphonaptera) 976\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e171 Flies and Mosquitoes (Order: Diptera) 979\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e172 Lice (Order: Phthiraptera) 983\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e173 Moths and Butterflies (Order: Lepidoptera) 988\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eII Reptiles 996\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e174 Amphibians—Toads, Frogs, Salamanders, and Newts (Class: Amphibia) 996\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e175 Gila Monster and Beaded Lizard 1008\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e176 Terrestrial Snakes (Suborder: Serpentes) 1013\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e177 Sea Snakes 1074\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIII Marine Invertebrates 1078\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e178 Cone Shells and Blue-Ringed Octopus (Phylum: Mollusca) 1078\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e179 Jellyfish, Hydroids, Sea Anemones, and Corals (Phylum: Cnidaria) 1085\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e180 Sponges (Phylum: Porifera) 1102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e181 Starfish, Sea Urchins, Sea Cucumbers, and Fireworms (Phylum: Echinodermata) 1105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIV Eels and Lampreys 1112\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e182 Moray Eel (Superclass: Agnatha) 1112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eV Fish 1115\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e183 Bony Fish (Class: Osteichthyes) 1115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e184 Cartilaginous Fish (Class: Chondrichthyes) 1128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eVI Mammals 1132\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e185 Mammals 1132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eINDEX 1135\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49402662945111,"sku":"9780471727613","price":184.46,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780471727613.jpg?v=1730481156","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/medical-toxicology-of-natural-substances-9780471727613","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}