{"product_id":"measurement-while-drilling-9781119479154","title":"Measurement While Drilling","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrade magazines and review articles describe MWD in casual terms, e.g., positive versus negative pulsers, continuous wave systems, drilling channel noise and attenuation, in very simple terms absent of technical rigor. However, few truly scientific discussions are available on existing methods, let alone the advances necessary for high-data-rate telemetry. Without a strong foundation building on solid acoustic principles, rigorous mathematics, and of course, fast, inexpensive and efficient testing of mechanical designs, low data rates will impose unacceptable quality issues to real-time formation evaluation for years to come.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis all-new revised second edition of an instant classic promises to change all of this. The lead author and M.I.T.-educated scientist, Wilson Chin, has written the \u003ci\u003eonly\u003c\/i\u003e book available that develops mud pulse telemetry from first principles, adapting sound acoustic principles to rigorous signal processing and efficient wind tunnel testing. In fac\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Stories from the Field, Fundamental Questions and Solutions 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Mysteries, Clues and Possibilities 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Paper No. AADE-11-NTCE – 74, “High-Data-Rate MWD System for Very Deep Wells” significantly expanded with additional photographs and detailed annotations 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Abstract 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Introduction 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 MWD telemetry basics 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.4 New telemetry approach 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.5 New technology elements 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.5.1 Downhole source and signal optimization 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.5.2 Surface signal processing and noise removal 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.5.3 Pressure, torque and erosion computer modeling 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.5.4 Wind tunnel analysis: studying new approaches 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.5.5 Example test results 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.6 Conclusions 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.7 Acknowledgements 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.8 Credits 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.9 Paper references 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 References 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Harmonic Analysis: Six-Segment Downhole Acoustic Waveguide 49\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 MWD Fundamentals 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 MWD Telemetry Concepts Re-examined 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Conventional pulser ideas explained 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Acoustics at higher data rates 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 High-data-rate continuous wave telemetry 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.4 Drillbit as a reflector 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.5 Source modeling subtleties and errors 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.6 Flowloop and field test subtleties 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.7 Wind tunnel testing comments 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Downhole Wave Propagation Subtleties 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Three distinct physical problems 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Downhole source problem 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Six-Segment Downhole Waveguide Model 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Nomenclature 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Mathematical formulation 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 An Example: Optimizing Pulser Signal Strength 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 Problem definition and results 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 User interface 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.3 Constructive interference at high frequencies 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Additional Engineering Conclusions 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 References 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Harmonic Analysis: Elementary Pipe and Collar Models 88\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Constant area drillpipe wave models 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.1 Case (a), infinite system, both directions 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.2 Case (b), drillbit as a solid reflector 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.3 Case (c), drillbit as open-ended reflector 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.4 Case (d), “finite-finite” waveguide of length 2L 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.5 Physical Interpretation 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Variable area collar-pipe wave models 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Mathematical formulation 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Example  calculations 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 References 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Transient Constant Area Surface and Downhole Wave Models 99\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverview 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Method 4-1. Upgoing wave reflection at solid boundary, single transducer deconvolution using delay equation, no mud pump noise 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.1 Physical problem 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2 Theory 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.3 Run 1. Wide signal – low data rate 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.4 Run 2. Narrow pulse width – high data rate 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.5 Run 3. Phase-shift keying or PSK 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.6 Runs 4 and 5. Phase-shift keying or PSK, very high data rate 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Method 4-2. Upgoing wave reflection at solid boundary, single transducer deconvolution using delay equation, with mud pump noise 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Physical problem 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Software note 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Theory 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4 Run 1. 12 Hz PSK, plus pump noise with S\/N = 0.25 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.5 Run 2. 24 Hz PSK, plus pump noise with S\/N = 0.25 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Method 4-3. Directional filtering – difference equation method requiring two transducers 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Physical problem 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Theory 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Run 1. Single narrow pulse, S\/N = 1, approximately 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Run 2. Very noisy environment 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.5 Run 3. Very, very noisy environment 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.6 Run 4. Very, very, very noisy environment 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.7 Run 5. Non-periodic background noise 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Method 4-4. Directional filtering – differential equation method requiring two transducers 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Physical problem 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Theory 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3 Run 1. Validation analysis 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.4 Run 2. A very, very noisy example 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.5 Note on multiple-transducer methods 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Method 4-5. Downhole reflection and deconvolution at the bit, waves created by MWD dipole source, bit assumed as perfect solid reflector 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Software note 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Physical problem 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3 On solid and open reflectors 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.4 Theory 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.5 Run 1. Long, low data rate pulse 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.6 Run 2. Higher data rate, faster valve action 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.7 Run 3. PSK example, 12 Hz frequency 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.8 Run 4. 24 Hz, Coarse sampling time 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Method 4-6. Downhole reflection and deconvolution at the bit, waves created by MWD dipole source, bit assumed as perfect open end or zero acoustic pressure reflector  135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1 Software note 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2 Physical problem 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.3 Theory 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.4 Run 1. Low data rate run 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.5 Run 2. Higher data rate 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.6 Run 3. Phase-shift-keying, 12 Hz carrier wave 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.7 Run 4. Phase-shift-keying, 24 Hz carrier wave 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.8 Run 5. Phase-shift-keying, 48 Hz carrier 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 References 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Transient Variable Area Downhole Inverse Models 142\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Method 5-1. Problems with acoustic impedance mismatch due to collar-drillpipe area discontinuity, with drillbit assumed as open-end reflector 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1 Physical problem 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.2 Theory 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.3 Run 1. Phase-shift-keying, 12 Hz carrier wave 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.4 Run 2. Phase-shift-keying, 24 Hz carrier wave 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.5 Run 3. Phase-shift-keying, 96 Hz carrier wave 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.6 Run 4. Short rectangular pulse with rounded edges 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Method 5-2. Problems with collar-drillpipe area discontinuity, with drillbit assumed as closed end, solid drillbit reflector 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Theory 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Run 1. Phase-shift-keying, 12 Hz carrier wave 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Run 2. Phase-shift-keying, 24 Hz carrier wave 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.4 Run 3. Phase-shift-keying, 96 Hz carrier wave 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.5 Run 4. Short rectangular pulse with rounded edges 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 References 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Signal Processor Design and Additional Noise Models 155\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Desurger Distortion 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1 Low-frequency positive pulsers 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.2 Higher frequency mud sirens 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Downhole Drilling Noise 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Positive displacement motors 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Turbodrill motors 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Drillstring vibrations 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Attenuation Mechanisms 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Newtonian model 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Non-Newtonian fluids 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Drillpipe Attenuation and Mudpump Reflection 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Low-data-rate physics 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 High data rate effects 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Applications to Negative Pulser Design in Fluid Flows and to Elastic Wave Telemetry Analysis in Drillpipe Systems 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 LMS Adaptive and Savitzky-Golay Smoothing Filters 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Low Pass Butterworth, Low Pass FFT and Notch Filters 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Typical Frequency Spectra and MWD Signal Strength Properties 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 References 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Mud Siren Torque and Erosion Analysis 179\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 The Physical Problem 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1 Stable-closed designs 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2 Previous solutions 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.3 Stable-opened designs 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.4 Torque and its importance 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.5 Numerical modeling 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Mathematical Approach 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Inviscid aerodynamic model 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Simplified boundary conditions 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Mud Siren Formulation 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Differential equation 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Pressure integral 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 Upstream and annular boundary condition 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4 Radial variations 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.5 Downstream flow deflection 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.6 Lobe tangency conditions 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.7 Numerical solution 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.8 Interpreting torque computations 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.9 Streamline tracing 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Typical Computed Results and Practical Applications 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Detailed engineering design suite 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Conclusions 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Software reference 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 References 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Downhole Turbine Design and Short Wind Tunnel Testing 208\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Turbine Design Issues 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Why Wind Tunnels Work 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Turbine Model Development 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Software Reference 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Erosion and Power Evaluation 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Simplified Testing 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 References 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Siren Design and Evaluation in Mud Flow Loops and Wind Tunnels 229\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Early Wind Tunnel and Modern Test Facilities 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.1 Basic ideas 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.2 Three types of wind tunnels 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.3 Background, early short wind tunnel 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.4 Modern short and long wind tunnel system 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.5 Frequently asked questions 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Short wind tunnel design 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Siren torque testing in short wind tunnel 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 Siren static torque testing procedure 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.3 Erosion considerations 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Intermediate Wind Tunnel for Signal Strength Measurement 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Analytical acoustic model 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Single transducer test using speaker source 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3 Siren Δp procedure using single and differential transducers 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.4 Intermediate wind tunnel test procedure 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.5 Predicting mud flow Δp’s from wind tunnel data 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Long Wind Tunnel for Telemetry Modeling 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Early construction approach - basic ideas 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Evaluating new telemetry concepts 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Water and Mud Flow Loop Testing 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 References 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Advanced System Summary and Modern MWD Developments 277\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Overall Telemetry Summary 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.1 Optimal pulser placement for wave interference 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.2 Telemetry design using FSK 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.3 Sirens in tandem or “sirens in series” 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.4 Attenuation misinterpretation 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.5 Surface signal processing 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.6 Attenuation, distance and frequency 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.7 Ghost signals and echoes 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Sirens, Turbines and Batteries 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 References 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 MWD Signal Processing in China 300\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Sensor Developments in China 318\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 DRGDS Near-bit Geosteering Drilling System 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.1 Overview 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.2 DRGDS tool architecture 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.3 Functions of DRGDS 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 DRGRT Natural Azi-Gamma Ray Measurement 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 DRNBLog Geological Log 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 DRMPR Electromagnetic Wave Resistivity 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 DRNP Neutron Porosity 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 DRMWD Positive Mud Pulser 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 DREMWD Electromagnetic MWD 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 DRPWD Pressure While Drilling 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9 Automatic Vertical Drilling System – DRVDS-1 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10 Automatic Vertical Drilling System – DRVDS-2 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Sinopec MWD Research 355\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Engineering and Design Highlights 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Credits 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Gyrodata MWD Research 365\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Short and Long Wind Tunnel Facilities 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Credits 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 GE Oil \u0026amp; Gas MWD Developments (BakerHughes, a GE Company) 376\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Recent Patent Publications 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Credits 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 References 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 MWD Turbosiren - Principles, Design and Development 392\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Background and Motivation 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.1 Mud siren background 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.2 Enter the turbosiren 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.3 General unanswered questions 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Prototype Turbosirens and Experimental Notes 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.1 Single-stage turbosiren 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.2 Basic measurements 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.3 Dual-stage turbosiren 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.4 Three-stage turbosiren 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.5 Complementary reference turbine 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 References 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Design of Miniature Sirens 440\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Siren flowmeter applications 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Mini-siren prototypes 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Cardboard test prototyping 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Credits 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Wave-Based Directional Filtering 451\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Background 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Theory and Difference-Delay Equations 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Calculated Results 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.1 Method 4-3, Difference equation\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(Software reference, 2XDCR07D.FOR) 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.2 Method 4-3, Difference equation\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(Software reference, 2XDCR07E.FOR) 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.3 Method 4-3, Difference equation\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(Software reference, 2XDCR07F.FOR) 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.4 Method 4-4, Differential equation (Software reference, SAS14D.FOR Option 3 identical to SIGPROC-1.FOR) 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Conclusions 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 References 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCumulative References 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the Author 489\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49407062966615,"sku":"9781119479154","price":187.16,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119479154.jpg?v=1730498044","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/measurement-while-drilling-9781119479154","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}