{"product_id":"mandarin-chinese-a-functional-reference-grammar-paper-9780520066106","title":"Mandarin Chinese  A Functional Reference Grammar","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOffers a description of the grammar of Mandarin Chinese, the official spoken language of China and Taiwan, in functional terms. This title focuses on the role and meanings of word-level and sentence-level structures in actual conversations.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface to the Paperback Edition\u003cbr\u003e Preface\u003cbr\u003e Conventiom Used in Examples\u003cbr\u003e Abbreviations\u003cbr\u003e 1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e l. l The Chinese Language Family\u003cbr\u003e 1.2 The Phonology of Mandarin\u003cbr\u003e 1.2.1 Initials\u003cbr\u003e 1.2.2 Finals\u003cbr\u003e 1.2.3 Tones\u003cbr\u003e 1.2.4 Phonetic Effects of the Retroflex Suffix\u003cbr\u003e 2 Typological Description\u003cbr\u003e 2.1 The Structural Complexity of Words: Mandarin as\u003cbr\u003e an Isolating Language\u003cbr\u003e 2.1.1 Morphemes Occurring with Nouns\u003cbr\u003e 2. l. 2 Morphemes Occurring with Verbs\u003cbr\u003e 2.2 Monosyllabicity: The Number of Syllables per Word\u003cbr\u003e 2.3 Topic Prominence\u003cbr\u003e 2.4 Word Order\u003cbr\u003e 2.4.1 The Word Order Typology\u003cbr\u003e 2.4.2 Word Order in Mandarin\u003cbr\u003e 3 Word Structure \u003cbr\u003e 3.1 Morphological Processes \u003cbr\u003e 3. 1. 1 Reduplication \u003cbr\u003e 3.1.2 Affixation \u003cbr\u003e 3.2 Compounds \u003cbr\u003e 3.2.1 The Meaning of Compounds \u003cbr\u003e 3.2.2 Nominal Compounds \u003cbr\u003e 3.2.3 Verbal Compounds \u003cbr\u003e 3.2.4 Subject-Predicate Compounds \u003cbr\u003e 3.2.5 Verb-Object Compounds \u003cbr\u003e 3.2.6 Antonymous Adjectives Forming Nominal Compounds \u003cbr\u003e 3.2.7 Minor Types of Compounds \u003cbr\u003e 4 Simple Declarative Sentences \u003cbr\u003e 4.1 Topic and Subject \u003cbr\u003e 4.1.1 Characterization of Topic \u003cbr\u003e 4.1.2 Characterization of Subject \u003cbr\u003e 4.1.3 Comparison of Topic and Subject \u003cbr\u003e 4.1.4 Double-Subject Sentences \u003cbr\u003e 4.1.5 Comparison with Chao's Analysis \u003cbr\u003e 4.1.6 Time and Locative Phrases \u003cbr\u003e 4.1.7 Further Examples \u003cbr\u003e 4.1.8 Topic as a Discourse Element \u003cbr\u003e 4.1. 9 Topic and Coreference in Discourse \u003cbr\u003e 4.2 The Noun Phrase \u003cbr\u003e 4.2.1 Classifier Phrases\/Measure Phrases \u003cbr\u003e 4.2.2 Associative Phrases \u003cbr\u003e 4.2.3 Modifying Phrases \u003cbr\u003e 4.2.4 The Order of Elements in a Noun Phrase \u003cbr\u003e 4.2.5 Definiteness and Referentiality \u003cbr\u003e 4.2.6 Pronouns \u003cbr\u003e 4.2.7 Reflexives \u003cbr\u003e 4. 3 The Verb Phrase \u003cbr\u003e 4.3.1 Types of Verb Phrases \u003cbr\u003e 5 Auxiliary Verbs\u003cbr\u003e 5.1 Auxiliary Verb versus Verb\u003cbr\u003e 5.2 Auxiliary Verb versus Adverb\u003cbr\u003e 5.3 List of Auxiliary Verbs\u003cbr\u003e 6 Aspect\u003cbr\u003e 6.1 The Perfective Aspect\u003cbr\u003e 6.1.1 Where to Use -le: A Bounded Event\u003cbr\u003e 6.1.2 Where Not to Use -le\u003cbr\u003e 6.1.3 -le in Imperatives\u003cbr\u003e 6.1.4 -le Does Not Mean Past Tense\u003cbr\u003e 6.1.5 -le Does Not Mean Completion\u003cbr\u003e 6.1.6 Summary\u003cbr\u003e 6.2 The Durative Aspect\u003cbr\u003e 6.2.1 Semantic Types of Verbs and the Durative Aspect\u003cbr\u003e Markers -me and zai\u003cbr\u003e 6.2.2 Complex Sentences with the Durative Aspect\u003cbr\u003e Marker -zhe\u003cbr\u003e 6.3 The Experiential Aspect\u003cbr\u003e 6.4 The Delimitative Aspect\u003cbr\u003e 6.5 Summary\u003cbr\u003e 7 Sentence-Final Particles\u003cbr\u003e 7.1 le\u003cbr\u003e 7. 1. 1 The Communicative Function of le\u003cbr\u003e 7 .1.2 Where Not to Use le\u003cbr\u003e 7. l. 3 Perfective -le versus CRS le\u003cbr\u003e 7.2 ne\u003cbr\u003e 7.3 ba\u003cbr\u003e 7.4 ou\u003cbr\u003e 7.5 a\/ya\u003cbr\u003e 7.6 Conclusion\u003cbr\u003e 8 Adverbs \u003cbr\u003e 8. 1 Movable Adverbs \u003cbr\u003e 8.1.1 Movable Adverbs of Time \u003cbr\u003e 8. l. 2 Movable Adverbs of Attitude \u003cbr\u003e 8.2 Nonmovable Adverbs \u003cbr\u003e 8.2.1 Manner Adverbs \u003cbr\u003e 8.2.2 Nonmanner Adverbs \u003cbr\u003e 8.3 Negation and Adverbs \u003cbr\u003e 8.3.1 Negation and Movable Adverbs \u003cbr\u003e 8.3.2 Negation and Nonmovable Adverbs \u003cbr\u003e 8.4 Adverbs and the bii Construction \u003cbr\u003e 8.5 Quantity Adverbial Phrases \u003cbr\u003e 9 Coverbs\/Prepositions \u003cbr\u003e 9. l The Function of Coverbs \u003cbr\u003e 9. l. 1 Occurrence with Aspect Markers \u003cbr\u003e 9.1.2 Coverbs That Can Function as Verbs \u003cbr\u003e 9. 2 Representative List of Co verbs \u003cbr\u003e 10 Indirect Objects and Benefactives \u003cbr\u003e 10. 1 gei Obligatory \u003cbr\u003e 10.2 gei Optional \u003cbr\u003e 10.3 gei Forbidden \u003cbr\u003e 10.4 Apparent Indirect Objects \u003cbr\u003e 10.5 Explanation for the Indirect Object Facts \u003cbr\u003e 10.6 Benefactive Noun Phrases, and Preverbal Indirect Object \u003cbr\u003e 10.7 Other Functions of gei \u003cbr\u003e 11 Locative and Directional Phrases \u003cbr\u003e 11. l Locative Phrases \u003cbr\u003e 11. l. l The Structure of Locative Phrases \u003cbr\u003e 11.1.2 The Position of the Locative Phrase in the Sentence \u003cbr\u003e 11.2 Directional Phrases with dao 'to' \u003cbr\u003e 12 Negation \u003cbr\u003e 12.1 The Position and Scope of Negative Particles \u003cbr\u003e 12.2 The Functions of bu and mei(you) \u003cbr\u003e 12.2. 1 Variation in the Meaning of Sentences with bu \u003cbr\u003e 12.2.2 Types of Verb Phrases \u003cbr\u003e 12.2.3 Resultative Verb Compounds \u003cbr\u003e 12.3 mei(you) Is Not a Past Tense Negative Particle \u003cbr\u003e 12.4 Negation and Aspect \u003cbr\u003e 12.5 Negating Some Element other than a Simple Verb Phrase \u003cbr\u003e 12.6 Summary \u003cbr\u003e 13 Verb Copying \u003cbr\u003e 13.1 Where Verb Copying Occurs \u003cbr\u003e 13.2 Grammatical Properties of the Verb-Copying Construction \u003cbr\u003e 14 The Imperative \u003cbr\u003e 15 The bii Construction \u003cbr\u003e 15.1 The bd Noun Phrase \u003cbr\u003e 15.2 Disposal \u003cbr\u003e 15.3 bii Sentences without a Subject \u003cbr\u003e 15.4 bii . .. gei \u003cbr\u003e 15.5 When to Use the bii Construction \u003cbr\u003e 16 The bei Construction \u003cbr\u003e 16.1 Use and Function \u003cbr\u003e 16.1.1 Adversity \u003cbr\u003e 16. l. 2 Disposal \u003cbr\u003e 16.2 Structural Properties\u003cbr\u003e 16.2.1 Indirect Object Adversely Affected\u003cbr\u003e 16.2.2 The bei Noun Phrase Can Be Inanimate\u003cbr\u003e 16.3 bii and bei\u003cbr\u003e 16.4 Variant Forms\u003cbr\u003e 17 Presentative Sentences \u003cbr\u003e 17.1 Existential and Positional Verbs \u003cbr\u003e 17.2 Verbs of Motion \u003cbr\u003e 18 Questions \u003cbr\u003e 18.1 The Four Types of Questions \u003cbr\u003e 18.2 Question-Word Questions \u003cbr\u003e 18.2. 1 Question Words in Questions \u003cbr\u003e 18.2.2 Question Words as Indefinite Pronouns \u003cbr\u003e 18.3 Disjunctive Questions \u003cbr\u003e 18.3. I Questions with Constituents Connected by haishi \u003cbr\u003e 18.3.2 A-not-A Questions \u003cbr\u003e 18.4 Tag Questions \u003cbr\u003e 18.5 Particle Questions \u003cbr\u003e 18.6 Differences between A-Not-A Questions and\u003cbr\u003e Particle Questions \u003cbr\u003e 18.7 Questions Serving as Subjects or Direct Objects of a Verb \u003cbr\u003e 18.8 Answers to Questions \u003cbr\u003e 19 Comparison \u003cbr\u003e 19.1 Comparative Constructions \u003cbr\u003e 19.1.1 Dimension \u003cbr\u003e 19.1.2 Subject\/Topic and the Standard\u003cbr\u003e of Comparison \u003cbr\u003e 19.2 Superlatives \u003cbr\u003e 20 Nominalization \u003cbr\u003e 20.1 A Nominalization Functioning as a Noun Phrase \u003cbr\u003e 20.2 Nominalizations Modifying a Head Noun \u003cbr\u003e 20.2.1 Relative Clause Constructions \u003cbr\u003e 20.2.2 A Nominalization Serving as the Complement\u003cbr\u003e to an Abstract Head Noun \u003cbr\u003e 20.3 The shi . . . de Construction \u003cbr\u003e 21 Serial Verb Constructions\u003cbr\u003e 21. I Two or More Separate Events\u003cbr\u003e 21.2 One Verb Phrase\/Clause Is the Subject or Direct Object\u003cbr\u003e of Another\u003cbr\u003e 21.2. I The Second Verb Phrase\/Clause Is the Direct Object\u003cbr\u003e 21.2.2 The First Verb Phrase\/Clause Is the Subject of the\u003cbr\u003e Second Verb \u003cbr\u003e 21.2.3 The Clause That Is a Subject or Direct Object\u003cbr\u003e is a Question\u003cbr\u003e 21.3 Pivotal Constructions\u003cbr\u003e 21.4 Descriptive Clauses\u003cbr\u003e 21.4.1 Realis Descriptive Clauses\u003cbr\u003e 21.4.2 lrrealis Descriptive Clauses\u003cbr\u003e 21.5 Summary\u003cbr\u003e 22 The Complex Stative Construction\u003cbr\u003e 22. I Inferred meanings\u003cbr\u003e 22. I . I Manner Inferred\u003cbr\u003e 22.1.2 Extent Inferred\u003cbr\u003e 22. I. 3 Either Manner or Extent Inferred\u003cbr\u003e 22.2 General Structural Properties\u003cbr\u003e 23 Sentence Linking\u003cbr\u003e 23. I Forward Linking\u003cbr\u003e 23. I. I Forward Linking with a Linking Element\u003cbr\u003e 23. I. 2 Forward Linking without a Linking Element\u003cbr\u003e 23. I. 3 The Semantics of Conditionals\u003cbr\u003e 23.2 Backward Linking\u003cbr\u003e 23.2.1 Adverbial Backward-Linking Elements in\u003cbr\u003e Clause-Initial Position\u003cbr\u003e 23.2.2 Nonmovable Adverbs as BackwardLinking\u003cbr\u003e Elements\u003cbr\u003e 24 Pronouns in Discourse\u003cbr\u003e 24.1 Zero Pronouns\u003cbr\u003e 24.2 Pronouns\u003cbr\u003e 24.3 Syntactic Constraints on Zero Pronouns\u003cbr\u003e References\u003cbr\u003e Index\u003cbr\u003e  ","brand":"University of California Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49402792083799,"sku":"9780520066106","price":37.8,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780520066106.jpg?v=1730481526","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/mandarin-chinese-a-functional-reference-grammar-paper-9780520066106","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}