{"product_id":"lobsters-9780470671139","title":"Lobsters","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis expanded and fully updated Second Edition of the most comprehensive and successful book on lobsters, comprises contributions from many of the world's experts, each providing core information for all those working in lobster biology, fisheries research and management and lobster aquaculture.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnder the editorship of Bruce Phillips, the Second Edition of \u003ci\u003eLobsters: Biology, Management, Fisheries and Aquaculture\u003c\/i\u003e delivers exhaustive coverage of these fascinating creatures, stretching from growth and development to management and conservation. A number of chapters from the First Edition covering Growth, Reproduction, Diseases, Behaviour, Nutrition, Larval and Post-Larval Ecology and Juvenile and Adult Ecology have been replaced by new chapters including Lobsters in Ecosystems, Genetics, Translocation, Climate Change, Ecolabelling of Lobsters, Casitas and Other Artificial Shelters, Systems to maximise Economic Benefits.. These new chapters reflect changes that are occurri\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“The volume’s 15 contributors represent considerable expertise, so the book is an authoritative resource on lobster life history and management.  Summing Up: Highly recommended.  Graduate students, researchers\/faculty, and professionals.”  (\u003ci\u003eChoice\u003c\/i\u003e, 1 November 2013)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eContributors xi  \u003cp\u003ePreface xiv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1 Lobsters as Part of Marine Ecosystems – A Review 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eBruce F. Phillips, Richard A. Wahle and Trevor J. Ward\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Species overviews 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Western rock (spiny) lobster Panulirus cygnus 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 The American lobster Homarus americanus 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 How far have we come in thinking about lobsters as part of the ecosystem? 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Panulirus cygnus 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Homarus americanus 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Human role in ecosystem dynamics 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Institutional structures 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Direct effects of management 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.3 Indirect effects – top-down forcing by predator removal 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.4 Indirect effects – bottom-up forcing by bait subsidies 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.5 Climate change impacts 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Single species to ecosystem management – how far have we come? 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.1 Panulirus cygnus 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.2 Homarus americanus 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Implications for management and research 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.1 Top-down, bottom-up ecology 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.2 Inclusive governance systems 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.3 Stock rebuilding strategies 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.4 Environmental drivers of settlement patterns 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.5 Historical ecosystem structure 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Conclusions 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2 Genetics of Wild and Captive Lobster Populations 36\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eW. Jason Kennington, Roy Melville-Smith and Oliver Berry\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Population structure 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Chaotic genetic patchiness 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Post-glaciation demographic expansions 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Species identifi cation 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Applications of species identifi cation and DNA barcoding to lobster research and management 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 DNA surveillance of product substitution and cross-contamination 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Identification of wild lobsters 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 Charactering lobster diets 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.4 DNA-based methods typically employed for species identifi cation 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.5 Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.6 Melt-curve analysis 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.7 Species-specifi c polymerase chain reaction 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Variation in reproductive success 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Genetic effects of harvesting 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1 Fishing-induced evolution 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.2 Impacting genetic diversity 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Considerations for aquaculture and stock enhancement 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.1 Aquaculture 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.2 Stock enhancement 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Conclusions and future directions 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3 Enhancement of Lobster Fisheries to Improve Yield and Value 64\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eBridget S. Green, Caleb Gardner and Gro I. van der Meeren\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.1 What is enhancement? 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.2 The motivation for enhancement 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Monitoring the outcomes of enhancement operations 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Growth and reproduction 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Survival\/changes to natural mortality 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Displacement and integration of released lobsters 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Habitat and predator change 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Economic and policy issues 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Economic feasibility 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Optimal management of harvests with enhancement 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 Ownership, policy and risk 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Case studies 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Clawed lobster restocking 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Range extension of American lobster to Europe 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Improving yield in Southern rock lobster: translocating low quality adults 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Conclusions 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4 The Impact of Climate Change on Exploited Lobster Stocks 84\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eNick Caputi, Simon de Lestang, Stuart Frusher and Richard A. Wahle\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Case studies 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus) 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Southern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 American lobster (Homarus americanus) 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Other lobster species 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Caribbean lobster (Panulirus argus) 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Southern African west coast rock lobster (Jasus lalandii) 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Hawaiian lobster (Panulirus marginatus) 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Japanese lobster (Panulirus japonicus) 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.5 Californian lobster (Panulirus interruptus) 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.6 Pronghorn spiny lobster (Panulirus pencillatus) 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.7 European lobster (Homarus gammarus) 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.8 Norway Lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Discussion 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Climate change effect type 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Sensitivity to environmental effects 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3 Climate change effects 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.4 Implications for stock assessment 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.5 Implications for management 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.6 Risk assessment approach to assess vulnerability 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Conclusions and future research 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5 Systems to Maximize Economic Benefits in Lobster Fisheries 113\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eCaleb Gardner, Sherry Larkin and Juan Carlos Seijo\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Economic concepts used in lobster fi shery management 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Net economic benefits 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Economic targets and performance measures 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Economic modelling 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Lobster fishery management systems 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Limited entry 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Effort limitation 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Quota management 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.4 Territorial use rights 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Resource sharing and allocation of lobster stocks 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Recreational and commercial sectors 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Customary harvests 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 Non-extractive users 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.4 Dividing catches between nations 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.5 Managing conflicting objectives 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Developing issues in lobster fishery economics 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Rights-based management systems 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 Multiple species and ecosystem interactions 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.3 Marine protected areas 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.4 Climate change 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Conclusions 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6 Lobster Ecolabelling 139\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eTrevor J Ward and Bruce F Phillips\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1 What is ecolabelling? 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.2 Global context 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Ecolabelling objectives 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Consumers 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Retailers and wholesalers 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Fishing and aquaculture industry 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4 Non-government organizations 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.5 Governments 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.6 Developing countries 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Comparative performance assessment 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Criteria 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Assessing performance 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Ecolabelled lobsters 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Panulirus cygnus (Australia) 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Homarus americanus (Canada) 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 Homarus gammarus (France, UK) 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.4 Panulirus interruptus (Mexico) 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Conclusions 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Management issues 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 Stock issues 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3 Environmental impacts 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.4 Developing countries 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.5 Successful certification and ecolabelling of lobsters 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample Aquaculture Criteria and Grades: ecological performance and sustainability stringency 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7 Essential Habitats for Panulirus Spiny Lobsters 186\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003ePatricia Briones-Fourzán and Enrique Lozano-Álvarez\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Essential habitats for ontogenetic shifters 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Nursery and juvenile habitats 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Adult and breeding habitats 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Foraging habitats 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Habitat specialists 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Coexisting species: interspecific trade-offs 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Global and local threats to habitats used by Panulirus lobsters 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Fishing practices 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 Coastal development 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.3 Climate change and ocean acidification 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.4 Potential effects of habitat loss 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Habitat management 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1 Marine protected areas 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.2 Corollary: marine reserves and invasive species 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.3 Habitat enhancement 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.4 Casitas and the controversy over their use 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.5 Corollary: habitat enhancement and disease transmission 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Conclusions 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8 Homarus 221\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eRichard A. Wahle, Kathleen M. Castro, Oliver Tully and J. Stanley Cobb\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Species overview 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Life-history overview 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Growth and age 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Components of growth 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 Age determination 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Maturation 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1 Size at onset of maturity 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2 Clutch size and fecundity 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Larval and pre-settlement dynamics 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Postlarval settlement and benthic recruitment 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.1 Settlement indices 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.2 Settler – fishery recruit relationship 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Meta-population structure 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9 Post-settlement mortality sources 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9.1 Predators and habitat-mediated survival bottlenecks 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9.2 Evidence of density-dependence 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9.3 Disease 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.10 Homarus in a changing ecosystem 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.10.1 Global climate change effects 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.10.2 Altered food webs 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.11 Harvest and management of wild populations 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.11.1 Gear type and methods 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.11.2 Commercial exploitation 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.11.3 Fishery management 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.12 Mariculture and population enhancement 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.12.1 Mariculture 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.12.2 Stock enhancement 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.12.3 Habitat enhancement 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.13 Conclusions and future research 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 9 Jasus and Sagmariasus Species 259\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eAndrew G. Jeffs, Caleb Gardner and Andy Cockcroft\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Species and distribution 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Reproduction, life history and growth 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Ecology and behaviour 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Predators and disease 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Population dynamics 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Harvest of wild populations and their regulation 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.1 South Africa and Namibia 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.2 Australia 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.3 New Zealand 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.4 Other Jasus fi sheries 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Aquaculture 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Marine protected areas 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9 Managing ecosystem effects of fi shing 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10 Conclusions 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 10 Panulirus Species 289\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eBruce F. Phillips, Roy Melville-Smith Matthew C. Kay and Armando Vega-Velázquez\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Species and distribution 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Life history, growth and reproduction 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Predators and diseases 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Ecology and behaviour 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Population dynamics and regulation 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Harvest of wild populations and their regulations 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.1 Australia and Papua New Guinea 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.2 Cuba 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.3 USA (Florida) 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.4 Brazil 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.5 Baja California Mexico and California USA 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.6 India 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.7 Kenya and Somalia 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.8 Indonesia 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.9 Japan 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Aquaculture and enhancement 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.1 Aquaculture 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.2 Enhancement 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Management and conservation 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9 Conclusions 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 11 Palinurus Species 326\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eJohan C. Groeneveld, Raquel Goñi and David Díaz\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Species and distribution 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Present-day distributions 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Effects of climate change on past distribution patterns 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Biology and ecology 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Reproductive biology 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 Larval dispersal patterns and recruitment of pueruli 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3 Moulting and growth 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.4 Population structure, size composition and sex ratios 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.5 Migrations and movement 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.6 Predators, defence and natural mortality 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.7 Diet 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Molecular phylogeny and evolution 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Harvest of wild populations 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1 Palinurus elephas 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.2 Palinurus mauritanicus 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.3 Palinurus charlestoni 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.4 Palinurus gilchristi 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.5 Palinurus delagoae 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.6 Palinurus barbarae 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Protection and enhancement 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.1 Marine Protected Areas 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.2 Enhancement 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Monitoring and management 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.1 Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean fi sheries 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.2 Southwest Indian Ocean fisheries 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Conclusions 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 12 Nephrops Species 357\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eMike Bell, Ian Tuck and Helen Dobby\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Species and distribution 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Life history 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Growth 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2 Reproduction 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.3 Food and feeding 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.4 Activity patterns 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Population dynamics 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 Population structure 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 Mortality 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.3 Population regulation 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Harvest of wild populations 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.1 Fishing methods 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.2 Catchability 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.3 Catches 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Monitoring and management 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.1 Management measures and structures 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.2 Stock assessments 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6.3 Status of stocks 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 13 Commercial Scyllarids 414\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eEhud Spanier and Kari L. Lavalli\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Taxonomy and systematic hierarchy 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.1 Features of the genera 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.2 Species and distribution 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Anatomy 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Life history 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1 Phyllosoma 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2 Nistos 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.3 Juveniles 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.4 Adults 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Behaviour 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.1 Feeding behaviour 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.2 Sheltering behaviour and substrate preferences 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.3 Predators and antipredator behaviour 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.4 Mating behaviour 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.5 Movement patterns 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Diseases 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Harvest of wild populations 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.1 Thenus spp. fishery 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.2 Ibacus alticrenatus fishery 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.3 Ibacus brucei fishery 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.4 Ibacus chacei fishery 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.5 Ibacus ciliatus fishery 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.6 Ibacus peronii fishery 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.7 Parribacus spp. fisheries 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.8 Scyllarides aequinoctialis fishery 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.9 Scyllarides astori fishery 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.10 Scyllarides deceptor fishery 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.11 Scyllarides latus fi shery 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.12 Scyllarides nodifer fishery 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.13 Scyllarides obtusus fishery 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.14 Scyllarides squammosus fishery 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.15 Fishery concerns 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8 Aquaculture and restocking 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.9 Summary 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 14 Conclusions 467\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eBruce F. Phillips\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eColour plate section between pp. 130 and 131\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley and Sons Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49525386314071,"sku":"9780470671139","price":212.95,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780470671139.jpg?v=1731860318","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/lobsters-9780470671139","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}