{"product_id":"lightwave-technology-9780471215721","title":"LightWave Technology","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe state of the art of modern lightwave system design\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Recent advances in lightwave technology have led to an explosion of high-speed global information systems throughout the world. Responding to the growth of this exciting new technology, Lightwave Technology provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the underlying theory, development, operation, and management of these systems from the perspective of both physics and engineering.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e The first independent volume of this two-volume set, Components and Devices, deals with the multitude of silica- and semiconductor-based optical devices. This second volume, Telecommunication Systems, helps readers understand the design of modern lightwave systems, with an emphasis on wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) systems.\u003cbr\u003e * Two introductory chapters cover topics such as modulation formats and multiplexing techniques used to create optical bit streams\u003cbr\u003e * Chapters 3 to 5 consider degradation of optical s\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Evolution of Lightwave Systems 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Components of a Lightwave System 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Optical Transmitters 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Communication Channel 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 Optical Receivers 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Electrical Signals 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Analog and Digital Signals 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Advantages of Digital Format 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3 Analog to Digital Conversion 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Channel Multiplexing 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Time-Division Multiplexing 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Frequency-Division Multiplexing 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.3 Code-Division Multiplexing 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Optical Signal Generation 26\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Modulation Formats 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1 ASK Format 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.2 PSK Format 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.3 FSK Format 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Digital Data Formats 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Nonreturn-to-Zero Format 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Return-to-Zero Format 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Power Spectral Density 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Bit-Stream Generation 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 NRZ Transmitters 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 RZ Transmitters 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Modified RZ Transmitters 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.4 DPSK Transmitters and Receivers 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Transmitter Design 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Coupling Losses and Output Stability 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Wavelength Stability and Tunability 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 Monolithic Integration 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.4 Reliability and Packaging 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Signal Propagation in Fibers 63\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Basic Propagation Equation 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Impact of Fiber Losses 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Loss Compensation 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Lumped and Distributed Amplification 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Impact of Fiber Dispersion 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Chirped Gaussian Pulses 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Pulses of Arbitrary Shape 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 Effects of Source Spectrum 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4 Limitations on the Bit Rate 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.5 Dispersion compensation 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Polarization-Mode Dispersion 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Fibers with Constant Birefringence 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Fibers with Random Birefringence 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Jones-Matrix Formalism 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4 Stokes-Space Description 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.5 Statistics of PMD 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.6 PMD-Induced Pulse Broadening 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.7 Higher-Order PMD Effects 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Polarization-Dependent Losses 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 PDL Vector and Its Statistics 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 PDL-lnduced Pulse Distortion 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Nonlinear Impairments 107\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Self-Phase Modulation 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.1 Nonlinear Phase Shift 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2 Spectral Broadening and Narrowing 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.3 Effects of Fiber Dispersion 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.4 Modulation Instability 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Cross-Phase Modulation 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 XPM-Induced Phase Shift 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Effects of Group-Velocity Mismatch 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Effects of Group-Velocity Dispersion 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4 Control of XPM Interaction 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Four-Wave Mixing 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 FWM Efficiency 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Control of FWM 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Stimulated Raman Scattering 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Raman-Gain Spectrum 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Raman Threshold 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Stimulated Brillouin Scattering 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Brillouin Threshold 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Control of SBS 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Nonlinear Pulse Propagation 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1 Moment Method 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2 Variational Method 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.3 Specific Analytic Solutions 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Polarization Effects 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1 Vector NLS equation 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.2 Manakov Equation 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Signal Recovery and Noise 151\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Noise Sources 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1 Shot Noise 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.2 Thermal Noise 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Signal-to-Noise Ratio 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Receivers with a \u003ci\u003ep-i-n\u003c\/i\u003e Photodiode 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 APD Receivers 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Receiver Sensitivity 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Bit-Error Rate 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Minimum Average Power 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Quantum Limit of Photodetection 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Sensitivity Degradation 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Finite Extinction Ratio 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Intensity Noise of Lasers 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 Dispersive Pulse Broadening 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.4 Frequency Chirping 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.5 Timing Jitter 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.6 Eye-Closure Penalty 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Forward Error Correction 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Error-Correcting Codes 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 Coding Gain 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.3 Optimum Coding Overhead 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Optical Amplifier Noise 185\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Origin of Amplifier Noise 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1 EDFA Noise 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.2 Distributed Amplification 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Optical SNR 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Lumped Amplification 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Distributed Amplification 19i\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Electrical SNR 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 ASE-Induced Current Fluctuations 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Impact of ASE on SNR 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Noise Figure of Distributed Amplifiers 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.4 Noise Buildup in an Amplifier Chain 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Receiver Sensitivity and \u003ci\u003eQ\u003c\/i\u003e Factor 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Bit-Error Rate 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Non-Gaussian Receiver Noise 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 Relation between \u003ci\u003eQ\u003c\/i\u003e Factor and Optical SNR 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Role of Dispersive and Nonlinear Effects 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Noise Growth through Modulation Instability 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 Noise-Induced Signal Degradation 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3 Noise-Induced Energy Fluctuations 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.4 Noise-Induced Frequency Fluctuations 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.5 Noise-Induced Timing Jitter 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.6 Jitter Reduction through Distributed Amplification 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Periodically Amplified Lightwave Systems 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.1 Numerical Approach 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.2 Optimum Launched Power 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Dispersion Management 225\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Dispersion Problem and Its Solution 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Dispersion-Compensating Fibers 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Conditions for Dispersion Compensation 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Dispersion Maps 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 DCF Designs 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.4 Reverse-Dispersion Fibers 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Dispersion-Equalizing Filters 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Gires-Toumois Filters 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Mac h-Zehnder Filters 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 Other All-Pass Filters 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Fiber Bragg Gratings 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Constant-Period Gratings 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Chirped Fiber Gratings 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3 Sampled Gratings 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Optical Phase Conjugation 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Principle of Operation 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 Compensation of Self-Phase Modulation 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.3 Generation of Phase-Conjugated Signal 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Other Schemes 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1 Prechirp Technique 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.2 Novel Coding Techniques 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.3 Nonlinear Prechirp Techniques 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.4 Electronic Compensation Techniques 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 High-Speed Lightwave Systems 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.1 Tunable Dispersion Compensation 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2 Higher-Order Dispersion Management 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.3 PMD Compensation 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Nonlinearity Management 284\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Role of Fiber Nonlinearity 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.1 System Design Issues 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.2 Semianalytic Approach 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.3 Soliton and Pseudo-linear Regimes 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Solitons in Optical Fibers 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Properties of Optical Solitons 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Loss-Managed Solitons 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Dispersion-Managed Solitons 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Dispersion-Decreasing Fibers 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Periodic Dispersion Maps 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 Design Issues 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.4 Timing Jitter 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.5 Control of Timing Jitter 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Pseudo-linear Lightwave Systems 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Intrachannel Nonlinear Effects 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 Intrachannel XPM 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.3 Intrachannel FWM 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Control of Intrachannel Nonlinear Effects 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1 Optimization of Dispersion Maps 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2 Phase-A Item at ion Techniques 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.3 Polarization Bit Interleaving 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 High-Speed Lightwave Systems 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.1 OTDM Transmitters and Receivers 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.2 Performance of OTDM System 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 WDM Systems 346\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Basic WDM Scheme 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.1 System Capacity and Spectral Efficiency 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.2 Bandwidth and Capacity of WDM Systems 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Linear Degradation Mechanisms 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Out-of-Band Linear Crosstalk 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 In-Band Linear Crosstalk 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.3 Filter-Induced Signal Distortion 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Nonlinear Crosstalk 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Raman Crosstalk 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Four-Wave Mixing 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Cross-Phase Modulation 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Amplitude Fluctuations 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Timing Jitter 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Control of Nonlinear Effects 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1 Optimization of Dispersion Maps 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.2 Use of Raman Amplification 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.3 Polarization Interleaving of Channels 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.4 Use of DPSK Formal 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Major Design Issues 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.1 Spectral Efficiency 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.2 Dispersion Fluctuations 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.3 PMD and Polarization-Dependent Losses 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.4 Wavelength Stability and Other Issues 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Optical Networks 404\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Network Architecture and Topologies 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.1 Wide-Area Networks 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.2 Metropolitan-Area Networks 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.3 Local-Area Networks 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Network Protocols and Layers 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.24 Evolution of Protocols 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Evolution of WDM Networks 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Network Planes 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Wavelength-Routing Networks 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.34 Wavelength Switching and Its Limitations 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Architecture of Optical Cross-Connects 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3 Switching Technologies for Cross-Connects 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Packet-Switched Networks 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.44 Optical Label Swapping 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Techniques for Label Coding 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.3 Contention Resolution 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Other Routing Techniques 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.54 Optical Burst Switching 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.2 Photonic Slot Routing 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.3 High-Speed TDM Networks 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Distribution and Access Networks 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.64 Broadcast-and-Select Networks 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.2 Passive Optical Networks 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix A System of Units 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix B Software Package 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix C Acronyms 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 449\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49402529055063,"sku":"9780471215721","price":121.46,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780471215721.jpg?v=1730480679","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/lightwave-technology-9780471215721","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}